中国特有属—东俄芹属的花粉形态及其分类学意义

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了伞形科东俄芹属７个种的花粉形态,结果表明：除宜昌东俄芹Ｔ．ｄｕｎｎｉｉ Ｈ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ和城口东俄芹Ｔ．ｓｉｌａｉｆｏｌｉａ Ｈ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ的花粉为矩形类型外,其它几种的为菱形类型,然而并非都是原始的或典型的菱形,而是处于分化过程中的菱形类型,如纤细东俄芹Ｔ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ Ｈ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ,东大俄芹Ｔ．ｅｌａｔａ Ｈ．Ｗｏｌｆｆ的花粉形态,表现出近菱形、近椭圆形和近矩     

中国特有属——羌活属的系统分类研究

对伞形疠羌活属Ｎｏｔｏｐｔｅｒｙｇｉｕｍ Ｂｏｉｓｓｉｅｕ植物进行综合研究,包括花粉形态,叶气孔类型以及叶柄、果实的解剖观察,在此基础上讨论了羌活属的系统位置,并对该属的特征、种类分布作了修订,文中列出该属的分种检索表。其中叶柄、果实的形态解剖以及气孔类型均为首次报道。     

茴芹属16种植物的花粉形态及系统学分析

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对茴芹属16种植物的花粉形态进行了观察,其中12种为首次报道。结果表明,茴芹属16种植物花粉大小为（19.75～33.03）μm×（11.52～17.41）μm,极轴与赤道轴的比值（P/E）为1.40～2.28,体积大小指数（P×E）^1/2为16.71～23.97,属于中型花粉,具三孔沟,萌发孔位置为边萌发孔。花粉粒赤道面观有近矩形、赤道收缩形、椭圆形和近菱形等类型,其中近矩形和赤道收缩形占多数;极面观为三角形或三角圆形。扫描电镜下,其外壁表面纹饰赤道面观为脑纹状,极面观近光滑或为穴纹状。在伞形科芹亚科中,茴芹属植物的花粉具有中等进化、比较进化的形态特征。研究认为,花粉形态可为个别物种的分类处理提供孢粉学证据。     

中国滇芎属果实解剖特征及分类学意义

应用比较解剖学方法对国产滇芎属(Physospermopsis Wolff)以及瘤果芹属(Trachydium Lindl.)和棱子芹属(Pleurospermum Hoffm.)共10种植物果实横切面的解剖特征进行了系统研究,比较分析了分生果的压扁程度、果棱大小、果壁各层果皮的特点、油管数目、胚乳形状等,归纳出上述各属果实的解剖特征,同时结合外部形态及花粉特征,将滇芎属果实分为3个类型.结合已有的研究结果,探讨了滇芎属果实的进化趋势以及属下分类和种间关系,并分析了与瘤果芹属和棱子芹属的演化关系,认为滇芎属果实较后二者果实演化程度低.     

中国滇芎属花粉形态及叶表皮微形态特征的研究

利用扫描电镜对伞形科滇芎属7个种的花粉与叶表皮形态进行了观察与研究,其中3种滇芎属植物的花粉形态为首次报道,7种叶表皮微形态为首次报道,为滇芎属的种间关系与属下系统发育研究提供参考资料。结果表明:(1)滇芎属7种植物花粉形态分为菱形、椭圆形、近矩形等3种,极面观的形状则有三角形、三角圆形以及钝三角形;花粉极轴与赤道轴的比值P/E为1.22～2.07,体积大小指数为16.59～19.26;萌发孔位置为角萌发孔,赤道面纹饰皆为脑状纹饰。(2)滇芎属7种植物叶表皮细胞轮廓均不清晰,只有木里滇芎的叶表皮细胞为规则的多边形,角质膜具不规则的条纹纹饰;滇芎、丽江滇芎、紫脉滇芎、波棱滇芎的气孔只分布于远轴面;气孔的形态为椭圆形或卵圆形,气孔器长为14.90～25.40μm,宽为9.76～17.49μm;依据叶表皮的微形态特征,可以将滇芎属的各个物种区分开来。(3)波棱滇芎和小滇芎为两个独立的物种,亲缘关系最近。(4)花粉形态和叶表皮微形态对解决滇芎属的种间分类问题具有重要参考价值。     

中国伞形科特有属的核型演化及地理分布

首次报道了我国伞形科１０个特有属９种１变种１４个居群的核型,染色体基数分别为ｎ＝６,８,１０和１１,核型类型有２Ａ,３Ａ和４Ａ三种类型。根据各属的核型演化水平并结合其花粉形态,初步确定东俄芹属（Ｔｏｎｇｏｌｏａ）、环根芹属（Ｃｙｃｌｏｒｈｉｚａ）、明党参属（Ｃｈａｎｇｉｕｍ）和川明参属（Ｃｈｕａｍｉｎｓｈｅｎ）是古特有属,其余各属则处于中等或较高的演化水平上。同时初步讨论了各特有属在伞形科分类系统中的核型演化关系并比较了各主要分布区之间核型的演化水平,发现横断山地区不仅特有属数目高,染色体基数变化大,且集中了核型较为原始和演化程度很高的类群,极可能是伞形科特有属的起源和分化中心。     

伞形科棱子芹属花粉形态特征及其演化意义

采用光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察了国产棱子芹属（Pleurospermum Hoffm．）13个种类的花粉形态特征。结果显示：供试13个种类的花粉粒可分为近菱形、近圆形、椭圆形、近长方形和超长方形5种类型。极轴长度（P）17．1—27．1μm,多为20～25μm;赤道轴长度（E）12．5—19．3μm,多为13．6～18．6μm;PIE值为1．2—2．0,多为1．2—1．5。极面观通常为三角形或近卵状三角形,少数种类为近圆形,仅1种（太白棱子芹Pgiraldii Diels）为三裂圆形;赤道面观多为近菱形、近圆形或椭圆形,少数种类为近长方形,仅1种（太白棱子芹）为超长方形。萌发孔为三沟孔,大多数种类为角萌发孔,仅云南棱子芹（P．yunnanense Franch．）和太白棱子芹为边萌发孔;沟长达两极或几达两极。赤道区的纹饰密集且多样,大体可分为短皱脑纹、颗粒状纹和细网纹3类,其中仅岩生棱子芹[Prupestre（Popov）K．T．FuetY．C．Ho]具细网纹;极区纹饰与赤道区常不一致,多为穴状网纹或纹饰不清晰。依据观察结果,讨论了棱子芹属在伞形科中的演化地位以及属内各种类间的演化关系,并结合宏观形态特征及果实解剖特征探讨了棱子芹（PcamtschaticumHoffm．）、太白棱子芹和矮棱子芹（P．nanumFranch．）的分类问题。     

滇芎属与瘤果芹属果实表面微形态特征及其分类学意义

对中国伞形科滇芎属(Physosperm opsisW olff)和瘤果芹属(TrachydiumL ind l.)12个种的果实表面微形态特征进行了扫描电镜比较观察。根据果实棱槽、外果皮细胞轮廓和蜡条纹饰的特征,这2个属的果实表面微形态可划分为3种类型:1)棱槽平滑-外果皮细胞轮廓不可见-无或少蜡质纹饰型;2)棱槽具瘤-外果皮细胞轮廓不可见-蜡质纹饰近平直或线纹型;3)棱槽粗糙-外果皮细胞呈4~6边形-蜡质纹饰波纹或网纹型。在此基础上,结合形态学特征探讨了滇芎属与瘤果芹属之间的关系和属下种间关系。     

合果木属和观光木属的花粉形态

合果木属合果木（Ｐａｒａｍｉｃｈｅｌｉａｂａｉｌｌｏｎｉｉ（Ｐｉｅｒｒｅ）Ｈｕ）和观光木属观光木（ＴｓｏｏｎｇｉｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｏｄｏｒｕｍＣｈｕｎ）的花粉,在光镜和扫描电镜下形态较相似。但在透射电镜下,两者差异较大：合果木花粉外壁的覆盖层、往状层和基层的分化不明显,柱状层小柱极少,虽有颗粒分化但数量不多;观光木花粉外壁三层的分化较明显,柱状层中已出现较多典型的颗粒和小柱。据此,合果木的花粉壁在木兰科中应属较原始的类型,而观光木的则属该科中较进化的类型。两者在花粉壁结构上的差异可为二属的分立提供花粉学上的证据。     

中国鳞毛蕨属泡鳞亚属的分类研究

鳞毛蕨属ＤｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓＡｄａｎｓ．泡鳞亚属ＳｕｂｇｅｎｕｓＥｒｙｔｈｒｏｖａｒｉａｅ（Ｈ．Ｉｔｏ）Ｆｒａｓｅｒ－ＪｅｎｋｉｎｓｉｎＢｕｌ．Ｂｒ．Ｍｕｓ．Ｎａｔ．Ｈｉｓｔ．Ｂｏｔ．１４（３）：１９５．１９８６．Ｔｙｐｅ：Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｅｒｙ...     

Investigation on Pollen Morphology of Aconitum L.

Pollen morphology of 62 species in Aconitum L. was investigated with light and scanning electron microscopies. The pollen grains in this genus are 3-colpate and exhibit spinulate surface pattern in all the species. According to the shape of pollen grains in equatorial view Aconiturn L. may be divided into three types. Type Ⅰ pollen grains are wide elliptic; Type Ⅱ are narrow-elliptic and type Ⅲ are rectangular or close to square in shape. The pollen characteristics among species are very similar. The morphological information of the pollen grains shows that species of Aconiturn L. are a natural taxon.     

Pollen Morphology of Parnassia L. （Parnassiaceae） and Its Systematic Implications

The pollen morphology of 28 species of Parnassia L. was investigated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of pollen grains in this genus varies from subspheroidal to prolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in the polar view. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate or syntricolporate, with reticulate sculpture. The pollen characteristics among species are fairly similar to each other. Morphological information regarding the pollen grains shows that Parnassia is a natural genus. Based on exine ornamentation observed under SEM, three types of pollen grains were recognized: (i) type I, with foveolate-reticulate sculpture; (ii) type II, with a finely reticulate sculpture; and (iii) type III, with a coarsely reticulate sculpture. Most sections of this genus have one type of sculpture of pollen morphology, but Sect. Nectarotrilobos has three types of sculpture and Sect.Saxifragastrum has two types of sculpture. All three types of sculpture can be found in Southwest China,with species with the longest (Parnassia delavayi Franch.) and shortest (Parnassiafaberi Oliv.) colpi,implying that Southwest China is the center of diversification of the genus.     

Pollen Morphology of Parnassia L. (Parnassiaceae) and Its Systematic Implications

The pollen morphology of 28 species of Parnassia L. was investigated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of pollen grains in this genus varies from subspheroidal to prolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in the polar view. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate or syntricolporate, with reticulate sculpture. The pollen characteristics among species are fairly similar to each other. Morphological information regarding the pollen grains shows that Parnassia is a natural genus. Based on exine ornamentation observed under SEM, three types of pollen grains were recognized: (i) type Ⅰ, with foveolate-reticulate sculpture; (ii) type Ⅱ, with a finely reticulate sculpture; and (iii) type Ⅲ, with a coarsely reticulate sculpture. Most sections of this genus have one type of sculpture of pollen morphology, but Sect. Nectarotrilobos has three types of sculpture and Sect.Saxifragastrum has two types of sculpture. All three types of sculpture can be found in Southwest China,with species with the longest (Parnassia delavayi Franch.) and shortest (Parnassia faberi Oliv.) colpi,implying that Southwest China is the center of diversification of the genus.     

中国伞形科东俄芹属果实表面微形态特征及分类学意义

采用扫描电镜方法对中国伞形科东俄芹属果实表面微形态特征进行了比较观察。根据果实外表面的纹饰类型、凸起程度和表面蜡质分泌物等特征,可将它们划分为三种不同的类型:(1)皱纹型;(2)皱纹-不规则疣状突起型;(3)皱纹-近圆形或多边形突起型。其微形态特征在属下种间表现出丰富的多样性,可为种的划分和属间演化关系的探讨提供重要的分类学依据。     

Pollen morphology of 8 genera of Chinese Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)

This paper deals with the studies of pollen morphology of 8 genera including 22 species and 1 variety of Umbelliferae (Apiaceae). They have been investigated under both the light microscope and the SEM. These genera can be distinguished by their pollen characters. The observed data listing in the following table reveal that they can be distinguished according to shape of pollen, form of pores, sculpture of exine and size of grains etc. 1. Shape of pollen grains (1) subrhomboidal type: Chuanminshen Sheh et Shan, Changium Wolff, Cyclorhiza Sheh et Shan (2) oval type: Seseli L. (3) subrectangular type a. thickened at the equator and rugulose: Peuecdanum L. b. constricted at the equator and rugulose: Ligusticum L. e. constricted at the equator and rugulose, thickened at both polar zones: Vicatia DC. (4) equatorially-constricted type, rugulose at the equator, thickened at both polar zones: Ferula L. 2. Form of aperture (1) rectangular protrude type: Chuanminshen Sheh et Shan, Ferula L., Changium Wolff (2) circular type: Ligusticum L. (3) elliptic type: Peucedanum L., Vicatia DC., Seseli L. 3. Sculpture of exine (1) reticulate: Chuanminshen Sheh et Shah (2) pitted-reticulate: Changium Wolff (3) striate-reticulate: Ferula L., Peucedanum L., Ligusticum L., Seseli L., Vicatia DC. (4) cerebro-reticulate: Cyclorhiza Sheh et Shan Basing upon the above pollen characters, the genera Cyclorhiza Sheh et Shah and Chuanminshen Sheh et Shan are briefly discussed. They are two clearly delimitatednatural genera.     

国产淫羊藿属花粉形态研究

本文用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国淫羊藿属Epimedium 14种花粉进行比较深入的研究,试图通过花粉形态的研究为该属的植物分类和原植物鉴定提供参考依据。     

横断山区高山豆属的花粉形态及凉山高山豆的分类学地位

为澄清我国西南横断山区特有属高山豆属（Tibetia）中凉山高山豆（T.liangshanensis）的花粉粒形态及其分类学地位,用电子显微镜重新扫描了本属的花粉粒。报道了除一个可疑种中甸高山豆（T.forrestii）外所有5个种的花粉形态,即高山豆（T.himalaica）,云南高山豆（T.yunnanensis）,凉山高山豆（T.liangshanensis）,黄花高山豆（T.tongolensis）和亚东高山豆（T.yadongensis）。结果纠正了凉山高山豆的花粉粒形态,而另外4个种的花粉粒与之前的研究基本一致,仅在形状和大小上稍有差别。本属的花粉粒呈圆球形或近长球形,表面有穿孔凹陷,3 孔沟和4 孔沟两种花粉类型与高山豆属分为两个组相吻合。但我们发现凉山高山豆的花粉是4 孔沟类型,而不是之前报道的3 孔沟类型。另外,凉山高山豆与中甸高山豆的形态差异明显,凉山高山豆茎长,小叶13~17片,托叶分离,花冠紫色;而中甸高山豆茎短,小叶7~9片,托叶基部合生,花冠黄色,叶片下表皮细胞形态差异明显,因此我们认为应该将凉山高山豆独立作为一个种,而不是作为中甸高山豆的异名。