三种抗癫痫药对癫痫患者脑电图的背景影响比较研究

目的：研究对比三种抗癫痫药（苯妥因钠、丙戊酸钠、卡马西平）对癫痫患者脑电图的背景影响。方法：选取我院于2009年3月至2011年2月收治的60例癫痫患者,随机分为苯妥因钠（PHT）、卡马西平（CBZ）和丙戊酸钠（SVP）组各20例,动态观察各组患者于治疗期间痫样波放电的频度和EEG背景的变化。结果：EEG痫样波放电的抑制率以SVP最为明显,而CBZ在EEG背景活动影响方面均比其他两组显著。结论：三种药物对癫痫波放电的抑制顺序是SVP〉PHT〉CBZ,SVP组明显优于其他两组。     

托吡酯、卡马西平与丙戊酸钠治疗脑炎继发癫痫的疗效比较

目的:观察和比较托吡酯、卡马西平与丙戊酸钠对治疗脑炎继发癫痫的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2013年1月~2015年9月在我院进行诊治的脑炎继发癫痫患者80例,随机分为托吡酯组、卡马西平组和丙戊酸钠组,分别采用托吡酯、卡马西平与丙戊酸钠治疗,比较三组的治疗有效率、执行能力与视空间、命名、抽象、注意、定向、语言以及延迟回忆等认知功能评分及不良反应的发生情况。结果:托吡酯组的有效率最高,为80.65%(25/31),卡马西平组的有效率最低,为70.00%(21/30),但三组间有效率相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,托吡酯组患者的执行能力与视空间、命名、抽象、注意、定向、语言以及延迟回忆等认知功能评分均明显高于卡马西平组和丙戊酸钠组(P0.05);托吡酯组的不良反应发生率(12.90%)明显低于卡马西平组(36.67%)和丙戊酸钠组的(29.62%)(P0.05)。结论:托吡酯、卡马西平以及丙戊酸钠治疗脑炎继发癫痫疗效相当,但托吡酯对患者认知功能损害最小,安全性最高。     

托吡酯与丙戊酸钠对癫痫患儿脑电活动及糖脂代谢的影响

目的:探讨托吡酯与丙戊酸钠对癫痫患儿脑电活动及相关代谢指标的影响。方法:选择66例癫痫患儿进行研究,并采用随机方法分为两组,其中观察组予托吡酯治疗,对照组予丙戊酸钠治疗。比较治疗前后患儿脑电活动及糖脂代谢指标差异。结果:治疗后,观察组患儿癫痫样放电(6.77±1.04)次、δ(12.77±2.32)次、θ(21.63±2.77)次、α(20.54±2.55)次、β(11.18±1.72)次均较治疗前和对照组明显减少(P0.05)。观察组患儿经治疗后体质指数(BMI)(14.43±1.29)kg/m2、空腹血糖(FPG)(4.53±0.51)mmol/L较治疗前和对照组明显减少(P0.05),空腹胰岛素(FINS)(9.78±1.44)m U/L较治疗前和对照组明显增加(P0.05)。两组患者经治疗后脂代谢各项指标甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(L-DLD)、高密度脂蛋白(H-DLD)均较治疗前无明显变化(P0.05),且两组间比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:托吡酯能更有效控制癫痫患儿的脑电活动,但会导致糖代谢异常及患儿体质量指数减少,而丙戊酸钠对癫痫患儿糖脂代谢及体质量指数的影响较小,临床应根据具体情况合理选择用药。     

注射用丹参多酚酸盐联合丙戊酸钠治疗脑卒中后癫痫患者的疗效分析

目的:研究注射用丹参多酚酸盐联合丙戊酸钠对脑卒中后癫痫的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择2016年1月～2019年4月东南大学附属中大医院江北院区神经内科住院的80例脑卒中后癫痫患者,将其随机分为两组。对照组的40例患者仅给予丙戊酸钠治疗,观察组的40例患者给予丹参多酚酸盐联合丙戊酸钠治疗。比较两组治疗后的脑电图检查结果、癫痫症状控制情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为明显高于对照组(97.50%vs. 80%,P0.05);两组的累及导联数、痫样放电、发作持续时间、发作次数较治疗前以及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(Neuron specific enolase,NSE)水平均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组的嗜睡、皮疹、头痛、感觉异常、恶心呕吐的发生率比较差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:注射用丹参多酚酸盐联合丙戊酸钠治疗脑卒中后癫痫的疗效明显优于单用丙戊酸钠治疗,其可更有效控制癫痫症状,且安全性较高。     

丙戊酸钠联合奥卡西平治疗小儿癫痫的疗效及对患儿脑电图、认知功能和血清神经因子的影响

摘要 目的：评价丙戊酸钠联合奥卡西平治疗小儿癫痫的疗效及对患儿脑电图、认知功能和血清神经因子的影响。方法：选入2019年1月~2022年12月收治的癫痫患儿104例,根据治疗方法不同分为单药组（丙戊酸钠治疗）和联合组（丙戊酸钠+奥卡西平治疗）,各52例。评价两组的临床疗效、脑电图、认知功能、血清神经因子等指标,并进行统计比较。结果：联合组治疗后癫痫发作频率及每次持续时间显著低于单药组（P<0.05）,EEG显示痫样放电率、总异常亦明显低于单药组（P＜0.05）;联合组治疗总有效率94.23%,明显高于单药组的71.15%（P<0.05）;两组治疗后WISC-CR量表VIQ、PIQ和FIQ评分均较治疗前明显升高（P<0.05）,而联合组升高幅度更大,与单药组差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,两组血清BDNF、NSE和S-100β蛋白无明显差异（P＞0.05）,而治疗后,联合组血清BDNF水平明显高于单药组、NSE和S-100β水平显著低于单药组（P＜0.05）;两组不良反应总发生率无差异（P＞0.05）。结论：丙戊酸钠联合奥卡西平治疗小儿癫痫疗效较好,可有效缓解临床症状,控制脑部异常放电,改善认知功能,调节血清神经因子水平,且安全性良好。     

益生菌联合常规药物对难治性癫痫患儿的疗效及对脑电图的影响CSCD

目的 探讨益生菌联合常规药物对难治性癫痫患儿的治疗效果及对患儿脑电图的影响,为该类患儿的治疗提供参考。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年5月我院收治的104例难治性癫痫患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为对照组和联合组。对照组患儿采用常规药物治疗,联合组在对照组的基础上联用益生菌治疗。对比两组患儿治疗前后癫痫发作频率、脑电图情况、炎症因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、神经递质[γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)]水平及治疗后的临床疗效和用药安全性。结果 治疗前两组患儿癫痫发作频率、脑电图各频段相对功率以及IL-6、TNF-α、GABA和5-HT水平差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗后两组患儿癫痫发作频率、脑电图θ频段相对功率及IL-6、TNF-α水平均降低,且联合组患儿以上指标水平均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗后两组患儿GABA和5-HT水平均升高,且联合组的GABA和5-HT水平高于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组患儿临床疗效分布差异有统计学意义,联合组总有效率高于对照组(94.23%vs 80.77%,P<0.05)。治疗期间两组患儿的不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 对难治性癫痫患儿采用益生菌联合常规药物治疗能有效降低其癫痫发作频率,改善脑电图相应频段的相对功率,减轻炎症反应,抑制异常兴奋,且疗效显著,安全性高。     

三种抗癫痫药对癫痫患者脑电图的背景影响比较研究

目的:研究对比三种抗癫痫药(苯妥因钠、丙戊酸钠、卡马西平)对癫痫患者脑电图的背景影响。方法:选取我院于2009年3月至2011年2月收治的60例癫痫患者,随机分为苯妥因钠(PHT)、卡马西平(CBZ)和丙戊酸钠(SVP)组各20例,动态观察各组患者于治疗期间痫样波放电的频度和EEG背景的变化。结果:EEG痫样波放电的抑制率以SVP最为明显,而CBZ在EEG背景活动影响方面均比其他两组显著。结论:三种药物对癫痫波放电的抑制顺序是SVP>PHT>CBZ,SVP组明显优于其他两组。     

电针对实验性癫痫发作的影响：脑电的功率谱分析

以电惊厥和青霉素致痫作为实验性癲痫的动物模型。采用脑电的计算机功率谱分析技术,研究了电针作用于发作过程中脑电各频段功率百分比的变化。在安静的大鼠,脑电以δ和θ频段为主,其功率主峰在δ频段。青霉素致痫和电惊厥使δ频段功率百分比下降,α和β频段功率百分比增加,主功率频段右移,总功率亦大大增强。本实验采用的电针对背景脑电活动没有明显影响。而电针加电惊厥或青霉素致痫,δ频段功率百分比复又增加,α和β频段功率百分比则下降,主功率频段又回到δ频段,总功率也显著减少。压缩功率谱阵图直观地显示了这种变化。结果提示,电针可使大鼠脑电出现同步化趋势,可能是加强了脑的抑制过程,从而抑制了癲痫发作的。     

拉莫三嗪治疗癫痫的临床研究

目的:探究拉莫三嗪单药治疗癫痫的临床疗效和安全性.方法:124例癫痫患者,随机分为拉莫三嗪治疗组和丙戊酸钠治疗组,观察治疗后的6个月和12个月癫痫发作情况、生活质量评分和不良反应.结果:拉莫三嗪治疗组患者治疗后6个月和12个月的癫痫发作次数少于丙戊酸钠组患者,但差距无统计学意义(P＞0.05).拉莫三嗪组治疗癫痫患者完全控制的患者多于丙戊酸钠组患者,总有效率高于丙戊酸钠组患者,但差距无统计学意义(P＞0.05).拉莫三嗪治疗的癫痫患者在治疗后6个月和12个月的生活质量评分改善情况明显优于丙戊酸钠组,差距有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不良反应:拉莫三嗪治疗组少于丙戊酸钠组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:癫痫患者在药物治疗方面使用拉莫三嗪的疗效显著,控制癫痫发作的效果理想,不良反应少,并在一定程度上提高癫痫患者的生活质量.     

奥卡西平与丙戊酸钠对癫痫患者血液学指标、认识功能及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨奥卡西平与丙戊酸钠对癫痫患者血液学指标、认识功能及生活质量的影响。方法:将2015年6月至2017年5月我院接诊的癫痫患者98例纳入本研究,随机分为观察组(n=49)和对照组(n=49),对照组给予丙戊酸钠治疗。观察组给予奥卡西平治疗。比较两组同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、不对称二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)水平、简明精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、癫痫患者生活质量量表(QOLIE)评分,并比较两组不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后两组患者Hcy、ADMA水平均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但治疗前和治疗后两组患者Hcy、ADMA水平组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后MMSE评分高于治疗前和对照组(P0.05);对照组治疗前后MMSE评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后QOLIE各项评分高于治疗前(P0.05),观察组治疗后精力/疲乏、认知功能、药物影响等评分以及总评分高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为4.08%,与对照组的10.20%比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:奥卡西平与丙戊酸钠治疗癫痫患者均可升高其Hcy、ADMA水平,无严重不良反应发生,而奥卡西平在改善癫痫患者的认知功能和生活质量等方面优于丙戊酸钠。     

Symptomatic epilepsy associated with intracranial calcifications in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Acute and long-term sequels of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis with irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy in children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) include vasculopathies, leucoencephalopathies, intracranial calcifications, intellectual and neurological impairment. We report two children at the age 5 and 8 years who manifested partial motor or complex seizures and intracranial calcifications 2-4 years after the diagnosis of ALL had been established. The occurrence of these disorders was much earlier than reported in the literature. Both children received prophylactic CNS treatment with irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate (MTX). Their brain CT scans and EEG had been normal before the first epileptic seizure was registered. Children are now seizure free on carbamazepine, and a boy with complex partial and myoclonic seizures is also on valproate and vigabatrine. Symptomatic epilepsy associated with intracranial calcifications and persisting EEG changes might occur as side effects of ALL treatment.     

复杂性热性惊厥脑电图特征与癫痫发生的相关性

目的：探讨复杂性热性惊厥脑电图特征与癫痫发生的相关性。方法：2012年3 月到2014 年5 月选择在我院诊治为复杂性热 性惊厥的呼吸道感染患儿86 例作为观察组,同期选择在我院诊治的非热性惊厥的呼吸道感染患儿86 例作为对照组,两组都进 行脑电图监测与认知功能判定,对癫痫发生情况进行判定与分析。结果：观察组的言语智商、行为智商与总智商评分都明显低于 对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的癫痫发生率为9.3 %,脑电图异常率为8.1 %;而对照组的癫痫发生率为1.2 %,脑电图异常率为2.3 %, 对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在观察组患儿中,Spearman 相关性分析显示脑电图异常与癫痫发生存在明显正向相关性(r=0. 349,P<0.05)。结论：复杂性热性惊厥伴随有脑电图异常,与癫痫发生存在明显正向相关性,损害患儿的认知功能。     

Which drug for the adult epileptic patient: phenytoin or valproate?

A series of 140 previously untreated patients with tonic-clonic or partial seizures were randomised to receive either phenytoin or sodium valproate. There was no difference between the treatment groups in pretreatment variables that might influence outcome. Sodium valproate and phenytoin in the treatment of tonic-clonic or partial seizures showed no difference in efficacy as regards time to two year remission or time to first seizure. When the possible prognostic factors were studied, including history and results of clinical examination and investigations before treatment; the only factor which influenced the proportion of patients achieving two year remission was type of seizure. Patients with a clinical history of partial seizures did significantly less well than those with a history of tonic-clonic seizures only. This study showed no major difference in efficacy between sodium valproate and phenytoin in adults with recent onset of epilepsy, irrespective of the type of seizures that the patient suffered.     

Interaction of hydroalcoholic extract of Acorus calamus Linn. with sodium valproate and carbamazepine

Anticonvulsant property of Acorus calamus is known. Since combination therapy can lower the dose of individual drug and dose related toxicities, in this study, the effect of co-administration of hydroalcoholic extract of A. calamus (HAEAC) on conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), sodium valproate and carbamazepine was determined using pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures model in rats. On combining the subanticonvulsant doses of HAEAC with sodium valproate and carbamazepine, greater protection as compared to either drug alone was observed. This was not related to change in levels of the AEDs. Thus, the results further substantiate anticonvulsant effect of HAEAC and suggest a potential for add on therapy with AEDs.     

Effect of diazepam, carbamazepine, sodium valproate and their combinations with vitamin preparations on epileptic activity

The anticonvulsive action of diazepam, carbamazepine, sodium valproate and their combinations with pyridoxal-5-phosphate, nicotinamide, and alpha-tocopherol were investigated in acute experiments on mice with corazole-induced seizures. Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg), carbamazepine (50 mg/kg) and sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) were shown to reduce convulsive intensity and lethality. Vitamins nicotinamide (250 mg/kg), pyridoxal-5-phosphate (10 mg/kg) and alpha-tocopherol (100 mg/kg) potentiated anticonvulsive action of the above antiepileptic drugs. The results of the investigation suggest the efficacy of pathogenetic therapy and give new evidence of the advisability of using vitamins in combination with synthetic anticonvulsive drugs.     

Quantitative EEG data and comprehensive ADL (Activities of Daily Living) evaluation of stroke survivors residing in the community

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that EEG values match other comprehensive activities of daily living (ADL) evaluations between stroke survivors and normal controls. Various functions related to ADL were examined by means of ADL assessments (Measurement of Competence in the Elderly Living at Home, Barthel Index, Stroke Impairment Assessment Set, time needed to walk 10 metres) and biosocial synchronization (the questionnaire on biosocial rhythms of daily living). EEG was undertaken using a computer-assisted portable EEG recorder. The power spectra were computed using a fast Fourier transformation analysis (FFT). The absolute and relative powers (percent of the total EEG power) of 5 frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta) and the peak frequency were analyzed. In comparing stroke survivors and the independent elderly, the latter had higher scores than the former in assessments of various functions related to ADL. The absolute and relative power of the delta band were lower in normal controls, and the relative power of the alpha (2) band and the peak frequency were higher than those of stroke survivors. Among the correlations between EEG and ADL assessments, the absolute and relative power of the alpha (2) band correlated significantly with ADL assessments of stroke survivors with right hemiplegia. The peak frequency was significantly increased in cases with high ADL scores. In conclusion, significant correlations were identified between the quantitative EEG data of stroke survivors in the chronic stage, living in the community, and ADL-related functions. Computer-assisted portable EEG recording is a potentially useful screening tool for objectively evaluating the functional levels of stroke survivors in field work.