根癌农杆菌介导的苜蓿体胚转化

以苜蓿体细胞胚胎作为根癌农杆菌介导转化的受体,通过对GUS基因瞬时表达率的分析,研究该转化体系的最佳实验参数。实验结果显示,负压处理10min和共培养5d时表达率最高(可达17．4％)。以这一转化方法分别对带有3种不同启动于的表达载体进行比较,发现由CMV35S启动于驱动的GUS基因的瞬时表达率可达82．7％,Ubil启动于驱动的可达57．8％,而Actl启动于驱动的则未见表达。     

不同大豆基因型对农杆菌敏感性研究及优异种质筛选

大豆遗传转化一直是植物基因工程领域的难点之一,受体品种对农杆菌的敏感程度以及不同农杆菌菌株对靶组织的侵染能力是影响转化效率的主要因素。本研究利用GUS组织瞬时表达技术,比较了4个农杆菌菌株对靶组织子叶节的侵染能力差异,同时利用筛选到的侵染能力最强的菌株评估了33个不同受体基因型对农杆菌的敏感性。结果表明,超毒农杆菌菌株Ag10对靶组织的侵染能力最强,优于其他3个菌株;地方与野生大豆种质在农杆菌侵染后GUS的平均瞬时表达效率显著高于选育品种。此外,通过鉴定筛选出6个对农杆菌敏感性较高的受体材料,其对农杆菌的敏感性优于前人报道的敏感材料Peking,为大豆高效遗传转化体系的建立和新型转化受体的开发提供了参考。     

ACA基因启动子的克隆及功能初探

根据已知的ACA基因的 5 '端序列设计三个基因特异的反向引物 (GSP-1,GSP-2 ,GSP-3)分别与 11个简并引物 (AD1-AD11)配对 ,进行热不对称嵌套PCR(ThermalasymmetricinterlacedPCR ,TAIL-PCR)扩增 ,获得了ACA基因起始密码子上游约700bp的片段。为检测其表达特性 ,构建了该片段与Gus嵌合基因的表达载体pBpAG ,在真空条件下通过农杆菌介导 ,转化了植物的叶、果实、种子三种不同组织 ,Gus瞬时表达染色结果显示 ,该DNA片段具有种子特异的启动子活性。对该启动子的一些顺式元件进行了讨论。     

基因枪法转化基因在小麦条锈菌中的瞬时表达

以小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici)野生毒性菌株为转化受体,以含有gus报告基因的质粒(pGUS6L20)和潮霉素抗性基因的质粒(pKLHyg14)为载体,应用基因枪法研究了小麦条锈菌夏孢子遗传转化的瞬时表达特征。结果表明,在金粉直径为0.6μm、射程6cm、载体DNA5μL、可裂膜压力为900Psi或1100Psi时,gus基因和潮霉素抗性基因的瞬时表达率相对较高。     

ACA基因启动子的克隆及功能初探

根据已知的ACA基因的5’端序列设计三个基因特异的反向引物(GSP-1,GSP-2,GSP-3)分别与11个简并引物(AD1-AD11)配对,进行热不对称嵌套PCR(Thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR,TAIL-PCR)扩增,获得了ACA基因起始密码子上游约700bp的片段。为检测其表达特性,构建了该片段与Gus嵌合基因的表达载体pBpAG,在真空条件下通过农杆菌介导,转化了植物的叶、果实、种子三种不同组织,Gus瞬时表达染色结果显示,该DNA片段具有种子特异的启动子活性?对该启动子的一些顺式元件进行了讨论。     

农杆菌介导的转化芦荟的研究

芦荟（Aloe）是美容和医疗保健工业的重要植物资源,然而基因工程途径改良芦荟鲜有报道。本实验研究了次氯酸钠、升汞不同浓度和时间对芦荟外植体的灭菌效果,比较了芦荟不同部位（叶片、叶鞘和茎段）的再生能力,利用GUS基因瞬间表达技术（X-Gluc染色）探讨了不同农杆菌对不同芦荟外植体的侵染效果,确定了G418筛选剂在芦荟转化后的最适筛选浓度,摸索了适宜于农杆菌—芦荟共培养用培养基组成和共培养条件,通过转化、筛选和移栽共获得了67棵抗性再生植株,进一步对抗性再生植株进行了PCR、Southern blotting和ELISA检测。结果表明,芦荟外植体灭菌方法为20.0%次氯酸钠溶液浸泡25min,效果优于利用0.1%升汞灭菌处理,茎部切段的再生能力高于叶片切段和叶鞘切段,适宜的共培养条件为芦荟外植体浸泡在含有农杆菌的液体共培养基中半小时后,在无菌滤纸上、24℃、10h光照共培养3天;EHA105农杆菌菌系对芦荟茎部细胞的侵染能力明显强于C58C1,EHA105侵染后GUS基因瞬时表达率达到了80.0%左右,而C58C1侵染后GUS基因瞬时表达率只有30.0%左右。G418用于筛选抗性再生芽和抗性植株的适宜浓度为10.0～25.0mg/L。PCR和Southern blotting检测证实外源基因已成功整合到芦荟基因组中,转化效率为0.9%,单拷贝整合占80.0%,2～3拷贝整合占20.0%,ELISA检测证明外源基因已在转基因芦荟中稳定表达。综上所述,初步建立了农杆菌介导转化芦荟的技术体系,为利用基因工程途径改良芦荟奠定了基础。     

农杆菌介导的枳壳转化系统建立研究初报

以枳壳为对象 ,进行了农杆菌介导的上胚轴转化系统建立研究 ,得到了携带柑桔衰退病病毒外壳蛋白基因的枳壳转化植株。研究表明 :枳壳各类外植体中 ,上胚轴是较好的转化材料 ;上胚轴出芽部位主要在形态学上端。以卡那霉素为选择剂 ,外植体水平面放置时 ,选择剂的剂量是 50～ 70mg/ L。转化研究中发现感染液中乙酰丁香酮 10 0μmol/ L的加入促进转化外植体 Gus表达阳性率的提高。延迟 1a的选择培养 ,有助于 Gus阳性芽的增多。所得 Gus阳性无性系经 Southern blot杂交检测 ,证明外源基因已稳定整合到了植物基因组中 ,所得 Gus阳性植株确为携带柑桔衰退病病毒外壳蛋白基因的转化植株     

农杆菌介导的玉米幼胚遗传转化体系的优化

本实验以玉米品种HiⅡ(PA*PB和PB*PA)的幼胚为材料,用根瘤农杆菌菌株EHA105和LBA4404对幼胚进行转化,将PTF102-GUS导入玉米中,借助GUS基因的瞬时表达率,对影响农杆菌介导玉米幼胚转化的部分因素进行优化。研究表明使用EHA105侵染HiⅡ幼胚;农杆菌浓度在OD550=0.3,侵染时间在10min;幼胚大小为1.0mm时,GUS染色瞬时表达率较高。     

根癌农杆菌介导库拉索芦荟遗传转化因素优化

以美国库拉索芦荟的横切薄片(transversethincelllayer,tTCL)作为转化外植体,初步研究了以根癌 农杆菌介导的多种因子对芦荟遗传转化的影响。结果表明:菌株EHA105比LBA4404及AGL1转化率高; 除了乙酰丁香酮(acetosyringone)外,菌液的预处理和重悬液的pH值也是影响转化的主要因子;菌液的预处 理和适合的蔗糖浓度对转化也有促进作用;感染时间为12～18min,共培养的温度和时间分别以25℃及5d 为佳。     

根癌农杆菌介导转化Lesquerella fendleri L．的研究

以Lesquerella fendleri L.叶片和叶柄为外植体,研究了根癌农杆菌介导的β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶基因(β-glucuronidase,Gus)的遗传转化技术,将再生植株叶片进行PCR分子鉴定和Gus组织染色,证实外源基因已稳定整合到植物基因组中,并得到表达。     

High frequency shoot regeneration from Rhynchostylis gigantea (orchidaceae) using thin cell layers

Often regeneration in orchids is only achieved through protocorms, i.e., the juvenile stage. In order to produce directly shoots via bud regeneration both rapidly and with a high frequency, a transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) method is extended to Rhynchostylis gigantea. Transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) explants (0.3--0.5 mm) excised along the stem from the basis to the shoot tip of one-year-old plantlets were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with different combinations of benzyladenine (BAP), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), thidiazuron (TDZ) and 3% sucrose. The optimal combination for maximal bud regeneration was 3 µM BAP and 3 µM TDZ, giving rise to 11.7 buds per tTCL. Roots were obtained with 10 µM forchlofenuron (CPPU) and 1% sucrose. The in vitro plants (> 3 cm long) obtained 4 to 6 weeks after the tTCLs culture were transferred to the greenhouse; their morphology was normal. Efficient micropropagation of direct production of shoots without passing through protocorm stage of orchid species can be achieved using the thin cell layer (TCL) method.     

Shoot induction and regeneration using internodal transverse thin cell layer culture in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sesamum indicum</Emphasis> L.

An efficient protocol for shoot regeneration was developed for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) internodes using the transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) culture method. The frequency of shoot regeneration and the number of adventitious buds produced from regenerated shoots depend significantly on explant age, thickness of the tTCL sections, and the phytohormones supplemented to the culture medium. A combination of 6-benzyladenine (2.0 mg l⁻¹) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 mg l⁻¹) was found to be the best phytohormone combination for shoot bud induction, with the maximum number of shoots obtained when the tTCL sections were 0.5–1.0 mm thick and derived from 4- to 6-week-old seedlings of sesame. Well-developed shoots were rooted on MS medium without phytohormones, and 80% of the regenerated plantlets were successfully established in soil.     

ggpps 5'-侧翼序列的克隆及其启动子功能验证

目的:研究牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶(geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase,GGPPs)基因启动子的活性;方法:从曼地亚红豆杉细胞中克隆ggpps基因5'-侧翼序列,并将该侧翼序列代替pBI121质粒上的CaMV35S启动子,以Gus基因作为报告基因构建植物表达载体,并进一步导入农杆菌LBA4404中获得阳性转化子,然后用叶盘转化法验证该侧翼序列的启动子活性;结果:本研究从曼地亚红豆杉细胞中成功克隆了ggpps基因的5'-侧翼序列,并且验证了该侧翼序列具有启动子活性;结论:ggpps基因的5'-侧翼序列的测序结果表明本实验成功克隆了该侧翼序列,启动子功能验证结果表明ggpps 5'-侧翼序列具有启动子活性,这些结果为进一步的通过缺失法进行ggpps基因启动子功能研究奠定了基础.     

An improved micropropagation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spilanthes acmella</Emphasis> L. through transverse thin cell layer culture

An efficient and improved in vitro propagation system for Spilanthes acmella L. using transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) culture system was established. The frequency of shoot regeneration from tTCL nodal segments was affected by concentrations of plant growth regulators and orientation of the explant. MS (Murashige and Skoog in Physiol Plant 15:473–497, 1962) medium with 5.0 mg dm⁻³ BAP was optimal for shoot regeneration. Upon this medium, the explant inoculated in the upright orientation exhibited a high frequency of shoot regeneration (about 97%), and the highest number of shoots (31.5) per explant. The intact node (1.0–1.5 cm) cultured on the same medium had significantly lower shoot multiplication ability with only 4.5 shoots per responsive explant. As compared to BAP alone, the combination of BAP and Kin or NAA did not have positive effects on shoot multiplication from tTCL nodal segments. Rooting of shoots was achieved on growth regulator free full-strength MS medium. Plantlets were transplanted into soil with 90–100% survival rate.     

In Vitro Propagation Using Transverse Thin Cell Layer Culture and Homogeneity Assessment in Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb.

Ceropegia bulbosa is an endangered medicinal plant used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases. Our aim is to develop a rapid and a competent procedure for direct and indirect organogenesis from transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) explants of C. bulbosa. Optimum response to direct adventitious shoot bud induction from tTCLs was observed on medium augmented with 8.8 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA) producing 15.6 ± 0.31 shoots per responsive explant. Best callusing response (95 %) was observed with tTCL explants in medium containing 4.5 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.2 µM BA. High frequency shoot regeneration (75 %) was observed from tTCL derived calli. Medium containing 8.8 µM BA and 0.27 µM α-naphthalene acetic acid produced 22.2 ± 0.64 shoots with shoots acquiring an average length of 4.6 ± 0.12 cm. In vitro rooting was recorded on ½ strength Murashige and Skoog medium, producing 10.9 ± 0.23 roots with a length of 4.24 ± 0.16 cm. Plants were successfully transferred to the field with a survival rate of 89 %. The clonal nature of the regenerants was assessed using Inter-simple sequence repeat markers.     

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Summary Callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were obtained in two cultivars of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Transverse thin cell layers from roots/epicotyls of 15-day-old seedlings or of regenerated plantlets were used. Callus response depended on the genotype, the size of transverse thin cell layers, the level at which transverse thin cell layers were excised on the epicotyl, the composition of growth substances and the number of in vitro regeneration cycles undergone by the donor plant. Somatic embryos were differentiated under a defined dark/light sequence, from epidermised compact calluses (i.e having already differentiated an epidermis), obtained directly with dicamba or from friable callus initiated with kinetin and 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The importance of kinetin and dicamba on the induction of embryogenic potential is reported.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - 2iP N6-(2-isopentyl)adenine - BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - CaMV cauliflower mosaïc virus - CPPU N-(2-chloro 4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea - dicamba 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - K kinetin - MS Murashige and Skoog - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - PEPC phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase - SD standard deviation - tTCL transverse thin cell layer     

In vitro organogenesis from leaf and transverse thin cell layer derived callus cultures of Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.

Talinum triangulare is an important medicinal herb used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases. The present study was intended to develop a rapid and efficient protocol for indirect organogenesis from leaf discs and transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) of internodal explants of T. triangulare. Best callusing response (100 %) was observed with tTCL explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.44 μM 6-benzyl amino purine and 5.37 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). High frequency shoot regeneration (96.67 %) was obtained from tTCL derived calli on MS medium supplemented with a combination of 0.45 μM thidiazuron and 0.27 μM NAA, by producing 9.20 ± 0.35 shoots with a shoot length of 2.74 ± 0.03 cm. In vitro rooting of the microshoots was recorded on half-strength MS medium containing 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid by eliciting 15.20 ± 0.27 roots with a length of 4.25 ± 0.11 cm. The rooted shoots were acclimatized on garden soil, sand and coco pith (1:1:3 v/v) planting substrate. The plantlets were successfully established under field conditions with 100 % survival rate. The hardened plants exhibited homogeneity and no observable morphological variations were detected among the regenerants and the mother plants of T. triangulare.