华南奥陶系达瑞威阶底界附近的牙形刺

本文详细描述了湖北宜昌、兴山和浙赣“三山”地区奥陶系达端威尔阶底界附近层位中的牙形刺共２１属３２种。以带分子的首次出现为标志,湖北地区达瑞威尔阶底界上、下地层的牙形刺带由上而下可分为Ｅｏｐｌａｃｏｇｎａｔｈｕｓｃｒａｓｓｕｓ、Ｌｅｎｏｄｕｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ,Ｌ．ａｎｔｉｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ,Ｂａｌｔｏｎｉｏｄｕｓｎｏｒｒｌａｎｄｉｃｕｓ－Ｍｉｃｒｏｚａｒｋｏｄｉｎａｐａｒｖａ和Ｐａｒｏｓｉｓｔ     

西藏南部普普嘎剖面托尔阶和阿连阶的菊石

西藏南部聂拉木县土隆村以北的普普嘎剖面产出丰富的下侏罗统菊石类化石。剖面上部的砂岩和灰岩中产出托尔阶和阿连阶的菊石，它们是Ｐｏｌｙｐｌｅｃｔｕｓｄｉｓｃｏｉｄｅｓ（Ｚｉｅｔｅｎ），Ｇｒａｍｍｏ－ｃｅｒａｓｓｔｒｉａｔｕｌｕｍ（Ｓｏｗｅｒｂｙ），ＰｈｙｍａｔｏｃｅｒａｓｒｏｂｕｓｔｕｍＨｙａｔｔ，Ｂｏｕｌｅｉｃｅｒａｓ？ｓｐ．，Ｄｕｍｏｒｔｉｅｒｉａ？ｓｐ．，Ｌｅｉｏｃｅｒａｓｓｐ．，Ｃｙｌｉｃｏｃｅｒａｓｓｐ．。这些属种是在藏南首次发现的托尔阶和阿连阶的化石证据。     

下毛目纤毛虫的系统修订I.原下毛亚目,排毛亚目（纤毛动物门）

对目前已发表下毛目纤毛虫的２００个属级阶元进行发重新修正,给出新修订的下毛目系统。并根据其纤毛图式和形态发生特点将其归为５亚目２０科８２属,原下毛亚目Ｐｒｏｔｏｈｙ－ｐｏｔｒｉｃｈｉｎａ ｓｕｂｏｒｄｅｒ ｎｏｖ。翁柯虫科Ｏｎｙｃｈｏｄｒｏｍｕｓｉｄａｅｆａｍ．ｎｏｖ．腹柱虫科Ｇａｓｔｒｏｓｔｙｌｉｄａｅｆａｍ．ｎｏｖ．和拟角毛虫属Ｐａｒａｋｅｒｏｎｏｐｓｉｓｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ为新设,给同了下毛目中亚     

浙江临海晚白垩世一翼龙新属种

本记述了发现于浙江临海晚白垩世一翼龙新属种,命名为临海浙江翼龙Ｚｈｅｊｉａｎｇｏ－ｐｔｅｒｕｓ ｌｉｎｈａｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。其形态特征与美国堪萨斯州上白垩统Ｓａｎｔｏｎｉａｎ阶产出的Ｎｙｃｔｏｓａｕｒｕｓ相接近,本将其归于夜翼龙科Ｎｙｃｔｏｓａｕｒｉｄａｅ,地质时代为晚白垩世。     

蝰科(Viperidae)蝮亚科(Crotalinae)线粒体12S rRBA基因序列分析及其系统发育

对蝮亚科（蛇岛蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ ｓｈｅｄａｏｅｎｓｉｓ Ｚｈａｏ、黑眉蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ ｓａｘａｔｉｌｉｓ Ｅｍｅｌｉａｎｏｖ、乌苏 里蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ ｕｓｓｕｒｒｉｅｎｓｉｓ　 Ｅｍｅｌｉａｎｏｖ、　竹叶青Ｔｒｉｍｅｒｅｓｕｒｕｓ 　ｓｔｅｊｎｅｇｅｒｉ 　Ｓｃｈｍｉｄｔ和分别来自不 同地区的尖吻蝮Ｄｅｉｎａｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎ　ａｃｕｔｕｓ　Ｇｕｅｎｔｈｅｒ、短尾蝮Ｇｌｏｙｄｉｕｓ　ｂｒｅｖｉｃａｕｄｕｓ　Ｓｔｅｊｎｅｇｅｒ各 两条）６种蛇共８个个体测定、分析了约３７０ｂｐ线粒体１２Ｓ ｒＲＮＡ基因序列;以游蛇科链蛇属半 棱鳞链蛇Ｄｉｎｏｄｏｎ ｓｅｍｉｃａｒｉｎａｔｕｓ　序列为外群构建分子系统树。分子数据结果支持尖吻蝮形态 学的属级分类地位;提示蛇岛蝮位于黑眉蝮的蛇岛亚种分类地位,同时探讨了蛇岛蝮的起源 问题;并提示短尾蝮和乌苏里蝮同位于种级分类地位。     

长江下游三叠系青龙组遗迹化石

记述了长江下游一带由灰岩为主组成的下三叠统青龙组中的遗迹群。其中至少包括有３７个遗迹属，以水平潜穴占优势，并伴有垂直潜穴、拖迹（ｔｒａｉｌ）、足迹（ｔｒａｃｋ）和停息迹等各种类型的痕迹。其中常见分子有Ｐｌａｎｏｌｉｔｅｓ，Ｃｈｏｎｄｒｉｔｅｓ，Ｐａｌａｅｏｐｈｙｃｕｓ，Ｐｈｙｃｏｄｅｓ以及Ａｒｅｎｉｃｏｌｉｔｅｓ，Ｍｏｎｏｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｈｎｕｓ等。它们应属于Ｃｒｕｚｉａｎａ遗迹相范畴。文中阐述和讨论了它们的时空分布状况以及形成的环境，系统描述了这个遗迹群中的３１个遗迹属和３１个遗迹种，包括４新属５新种。     

湘西中寒武世多节类三叶虫新属种

描记湘西江南斜坡带中寒武统花桥组的多节类三叶虫４新属７新种：Ｃｈａｎｇｑｉｎｇｉａｌａｅｖｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，Ｆｉｓｓａｎｏｍｏｃａｒｅｌｌａｐａｉｂｉｅｎｓｉｓｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．Ｎｏｖ．，Ｈｕａｙｕａｎｉａｓｕｂｃａｌｖａｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，Ｌｕａｓｐｉｓｄｅｃｏｒｏｓａｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．Ｎｏｖ．。Ｐａｒａｎｏｍｏｃａｒｅｌｌａｆｏｒｔｉｓｓｐ．Ｎｏｖ．，Ｗａｎｇｃｕｎｉａｗａｎｇｃｕｎｅｎｓｉｓｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｎｏｖ和Ｚｈｕｊｉａｈｕｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．Ｎｏｖ．。Ｆｉｓｓａｎｏｍｏｃａｒｅｌｌａｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．属Ａｎｏｍｏｃａｒｅｌｌｉｎｄａｅ科；Ｗａｎｇｃｕｎｉａｓｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．和Ｈｕａｙｕａｎｉａｓｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．分别存疑地归入Ｐａｐｙｒａｓｐｉｄａｅ科和Ａｎｏｍｏｃａｒｅｌｌｉｄａｅ科；Ｌｕａｓｐｉｓｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．的科级分类位置未定。所有新属种与华北和东北南部中寒武世动物群关系较密切，是斜坡相混生动物群的重要分子。     

晚三叠世台形牙形刺分子的演化

晚三叠世台形牙形刺分子属有Ｐａｒａｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ,Ｍｅｔａｐｏｌｙｇｎａｔｈｕｓ,Ａｎｃｙｒｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ和Ｅｐｉｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ。这些属都源于中三叠世,可能来自同一根源──Ｎｅｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ,但有两个不同的演化趋向。本文认为这些台形分子分类演化上最重要的形态特征仅是一些微小的变化,如齿台下方后龙脊─基部附着面,基穴和环台面的细部变化。对Ｍｅｔａｐｏｌｙｇｎａｔｈｕｓ属台形分子的发展演化作了专门讨论,指出了晚三叠世台形牙形刺分子的演化系统。     

吉林南部早奥陶世珠角石类

系统描述吉林南部早奥陶世珠角石类６科１２属１５种，其中包括２新属４新种和４未定种。详细讨论并明确了ＴｕｎｋｕｓｋｏｃｅｒａｓＺｈｕｒａｖｌｅｖａ和Ｐａｒａｔｕｎｋｕｓｋｏｃｅｒａｓｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．，ＰａｒａｒｍｅｎｏｃｅｒａｓＳｈｉｍｉｚｕｅｔＯｂａｔａ和ＰａｒｏｒｍｏｃｅｒａｓＳｈｉｍｉｚｕｅｔＯｂａｔａ的特征及其相互区别。对珠角石类的隔壁颈类型做了新的划分，提出了６种类型１０种形态的隔壁颈。根据体管内管道系统不同保存方式的分析研究，否认弧形（ａｒｃｈｅｄ）管道的存在。     

湘中锡矿山弗拉期晚期腕足动物一新属

描述产于锡矿山弗拉期晚期腕足动物Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｉｒｈｙｎｃｈｉｉｄａｅ的一个属－Ｈｕｎａｎｏｔｏｅｃｈｉａ,包括２新种：Ｈ．ｔｉｅｎｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ｈ．ｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。该属在弗拉阶顶部绝灭。     

A new Pliensbachian ichthyosaur from Dorset, England

The first ichthyosaur to be recorded from the Pliensbachian Stage of the English Lower Liassic is described as Leptonectes moorei sp. nov., extending the geological range of Leptonectes to the Pliensbachian. According to criteria for assessing the maturity of ichthyosaurs, it is concluded that L. moorei is an immature individual of a relatively small, slender and short snouted species close to the earlier long-snouted L. tenuirostris (Conybeare) which ranges from the Rhaetian to the Sinemurian. The presence of a short-snouted leptonectid in the Pliensbachian suggests two contrasting patterns of rostral morphology within the clade Leptonectidae in the latest Early Jurassic, rostral reduction within the genus Leptonectes and rostral elongation in Excalibosaurus Eurhinosaurus .     

Ichthyosauria: their diversity, distribution, and phylogeny

The Ichthyosauria is the group of Mesozoic marine reptiles that was most highly adapted to the aquatic environment. The first ichthyosaurs from the upper Lower Triassic (Spathian) already show a suite of unique characters (very large eyes, elongate snout, deeply amphicoelous vertebrae, limb modified to fins) correlated with a fully aquatic existence and probably were unable to leave the water. The key evolutionary innovation was vivipary, giving birth to live young, which is documented by the fossil record since the end of the Anisian. Major evolutionary trends in the locomotor apparatus are the increasing modification of the fin skeleton to a mosaic of bones and the change from anguiliform swimming in the earliest forms to thunniform swimming in the Jurassic and later forms, as evidenced by the shortening of the body and the evolution of a semilunate tail fin. Almost from the beginning, ichthyosaurs had a cosmopolitan distribution which was retained until their extinction in the Cenomanian. Ichthyosaurian diversity is greatest in the Middle Triassic with piscivorous, heterodont, and durophagous forms. Jurassic diversity is greatest in the Liassic, declining to one genus (Platypterygius) in the Cretaceous. Although skull characters indicate that ichthyosaurs were diapsids, their exact position within Diapsida is unclear. A cladistic analysis of the well known genera clarifies relationships within the Ichthyosauria. Most basal areGrippia andUtatsusaurus, followed by the Mixosauridae (Mixosaurus andPhalarodon). The Shastasauridae (Cymbospondylus, Shonisaurus, Besanosaurus) are the most advanced Triassic forms and represent the sistergroup of all post-Triassic ichthyosaurs. These are clearly monophyletic and are termed here the Neoichthyosauria.     

Palynological investigation in the lower jurassic of the vicentinian alps (Northeastern Italy)

The present paper emphasizes the applicability of palynological data as an aid to the solution of the problems related to the correlation of non-ammonitiferous Liassic strata in the Southern Alps with the ammonoid-based standard stages as recognized in the outer-Alpine part of Europe.In the Noriglio Grey Limestone Formation of the Vicentinian Alps, northeastern Italy, rich and well-preserved Liassic palynological assemblages can be abundantly found in the marly intercalations of its upper part; in the lower part palynological assemblages have appeared to be very rare. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the assemblages has indicated the presence of a single palynological assemblage zone. Minor compositional differences do not warrant a zonal subdivision.The overall composition of the assemblages is characterized by the general dominance of Circulina and smooth trilete spores in combination with a large amount of relatively rarely occurring forms of spores, pollen grains and other acid-resistant microfossils.Because of the presence of rich and well-preserved material, it has been possible to detect a relatively wide range of variability within species of Tigrisporites, Foveosporites, Porcellispora and Crassosphaera.Among the forms which could not be matched with previously described taxa the new formgenus Skarbysporites is formally erected together with the new species Skarbysporites elsendoornii, Skarbysporites puntii, Foveosporites visscheri and Tigrisporites jonkeri. Moreover, an emended diagnosis of Circulina is proposed, implicating the assignment to this formgenus of most forms generally included in Classo pollis. Also the generic diagnosis of Tigrisporites is emended.An evaluation of the Liassic palynological assemblages from the outer-Alpine part of Europe with special reference to their potential in characterizing the ammonoid-based chronostratigraphical subdivisions may indicate that two temporal subdivisions of the Liassic Series on the basis of palynological characteristics are now slowly becoming discernable: an assemblage zone characterizing the Hettangian, Sinemurian and Lower Pliensbachian, and an assemblage zone characterizing the Upper Pliensbachian and Toarcian.Because of the possibility of a correlation with the latter zone, the assemblages from the Noriglio Grey Limestone Formation can be reasonably regarded to be indicative of a Late Pliensbachian—Toarchian age of the source-strata.When considering the ammonoid evidence from the overlying “Cape San Vigilio Oolite” it may be concluded that the upper part of the lower subdivision of the Noriglio Grey Limestone Formation and the Rotzo Member represent the Upper Pliensbachian—Lower Toarcian.Because of its potential in correlating non-ammonitiferous strata from the Southern Alps with the successions in northwestern Europe, it is believed that palynology may earn a prominent place in regional Liassic chronostratigraphy.     

中国海相早三叠世弓鲛鱼类(软骨鱼类)的首次报道——华南二叠系—三叠系界线上下鱼类序列研究之一

广西田东县作登下三叠统罗楼组产出弓鲛鱼类 :作登弓鲛Hyboduszuodengensis(Yangetal.)、乐氏弓鲛H .yohi (Yangetal.)和田东多尖齿鱼 (新种 )Polyacrodustiandongensissp .nov .,其中前二种化石以前曾被作为牙形类报道。这是弓鲛鱼类在中国海相早三叠世的首次报道。另外 ,本组还产出属种未定的硬骨鱼类化石 (Osteichthyesgen .etsp .indet.)。建立了我国海相早三叠世第一个鱼类带化石 ,作登弓鲛—乐氏弓鲛组合带 (Hyboduszuodengensis H .yohiAZ) ;伴生的有Neospathodushomeri N .triangularis牙形类带化石 ,该带化石延续的时限为奥伦尼克阶 (Olenekian)司帕斯期 (Spathian)早期。     

中国海相早三叠世弓鲛鱼类(软骨鱼类)的首次报道——华南二叠系一三叠系界线上下鱼类序列研究之一

广西田东县作登下三叠统罗楼组产出弓鲛鱼类作登弓鲛Hybodus zuodengensis(Yang et al.)、乐氏弓鲛H.yohi(Yang et al.)和田东多尖齿鱼(新种)Polyacrodus tiandongensis sp.nov.,其中前二种化石以前曾被作为牙形类报道.这是弓鲛鱼类在中国海相早三叠世的首次报道.另外,本组还产出属种未定的硬骨鱼类化石(Osteichthyes gen.et sp.indet.).建立了我国海相早三叠世第一个鱼类带化石,作登弓鲛-乐氏弓鲛组合带(Hybodus zuodengensisH.yhoi AZ);伴生的有Neospathodushomeri-N.triangularis牙形类带化石,该带化石延续的时限为奥伦尼克阶(Olenekian)司帕斯期(Spathian)早期.     

Liverwort fossils from the Late Triassic of Baiyin City,Gansu Province,and their geological significance

Although liverworts are widely distributed around the world with a large number of extant species, reliable fossil records are relatively rare. Here, we report a new species, Ricciopsis baojishanensis Han and Yan, n. sp. (Ricciaceae) and an unnamed species, Hepaticites sp. from the Late Triassic Nanying’er Formation in Baojishan Basin, Baiyin City, Gansu Province, Northwest China. The generic designation is based on detailed comparison of the gross morphology with related fossil and extant species. The new species is characterized by its rosette-forming thallus, dichotomous branching, ribbon-like segments and entire margins. The current fossils represent the first record of liverwort from the Late Triassic in Baojishan Basin, Gansu Province. Based on the different fossil records of the Ricciaceae, we suggest that these taxa were widely distributed during Late Triassic to Oligocene worldwide, mainly in warm temperate and tropical environments, similar with their current distribution. The discovery of the present fossils indicates that the climate of Baojishan Basin in Late Triassic is warmer and more humid than that of today.     

A new rhynchonelliform brachiopod Longtancunella with soft-part preservation from the Hongjingshao Formation (Cambrian Stage 3) in Yunnan,South China

Rhynchonelliform brachiopods made their first appearance in early Cambrian, and became a major group within the palaeozoic evolutionary fauna since late Cambrian. Exceptionally preserved fossils from the early Cambrian Lagerstätten provide valuable chances to investigate their phylogeny and ecology. Longtancunella is one of the most interesting early rhynchonelliforms, and has been mainly recovered from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte (Series 2, Stage 3). Here, we report a new rhynchonelliform Longtancunella xiazhuangensis n. sp. from the lower Hongjingshao Formation (upper Stage 3) in Yunnan Province, China. These specimens were well preserved with soft parts, including pinnate mantle canal system and a pedicle. It is identified as a new species based mainly on its difference in shell ornamentations, pinnate mantle canals and pedicle morphology from the type species. Its pedicle looks unusually stout with distinct annulated lamellae on the surface, and reveals crucial evidence in illustrating its ecology and settling strategy as an early marine epifauna. The ecological interaction between L. xiazhuangensis and other marine animals also provides insights into the food web structure in the early Cambrian.     

The phylogeny of the Histeroidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia)

For its size (ca. 4000 species) the Histeridae is one of the most ecologically and morphologically diverse families of beetles. Its mostly predaceous members occupy a wide variety of habitats for which their morphologies may be highly modified. Previous attempts to resolve the phylogeny of the family based on morphological data have left many difficult issues unresolved. This study is the first to utilize either larval or molecular (18S rDNA) data in combination with adult morphology in an attempt to resolve these issues. We compare the performance of optimization alignment with a fixed positional homology approach, over a range of parameter space. Optimizing alignment parameters for combined analyses of 18S and morphology for both approaches resulted in very similar topologies. Contrary to previous hypotheses which held the cylindrical, subcortical forms of the family (e.g., Niponius , Trypanaeus , Trypeticus ) to be the most primitive, our analyses find these to be highly specialized forms derived from within other more generalized taxa. Basal lineages within the family instead include Onthophilus , Anapleus , and Dendrophilus , all of which are ovoid, mainly generalist forms.     

Observations on stylar heteromorphism in Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae)

In several species of Solanum L. two forms of flower are noticeable in each inflorescence. In one form, the style is long and distinctly exserted; in the other, it is short and included within the conically connivent anthers, so that it is not visible from outside in an open flower. To this kind of difference in style length the term stylar heteromorphism has been applied here, just to distinguish it from heterostyly in the traditional sense. The phenomenon does not seem to have received much attention from botanists so far, and consequently rather little is known about its biological significance and possible evolutionary importance. The present report consists mainly of some observations made on stylar heteromorphism in one of these species, Solanum torvum , a shrubby weed widely distributed in the humid tropics.