桂江流域附生硅藻群落特征及影响因素

研究了桂江流域水质、土地利用、地理因素对河流附生硅藻群落的影响。结果显示,桂江流域电导率(Conductivity,Cond.)由下游至源头呈降低趋势,其它水质参数变化趋势不明显。主成分分析(Principle Component Analysis,PCA)显示前两个主成分共解释了56.2%的水质特征,第一轴反映了氨氮(NH4-N)、硝氮(NO3-N)、总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)的变化梯度,第二轴反映了水温(WT)、pH、Cond.、溶解氧(Dissolve Oxygen,DO)的变化梯度。桂江流域硅藻特定污染敏感指数(Specific PolluoSensitivity Index,IPS)和硅藻生物指数(Biological Diatom Index,IBD)下游低于源头,差异不显著,与多项水质、土地利用以及地理因子呈线性显著相关。24个样地共发现112种硅藻,丰富度大于5%的37种,丰富度最大的几个种类依次为Achnanthidium minutissimum,A.pusilla,A.tropica,Cymbella laevis。对应分析(Corresponding Analysis,CA)显示桂江流域存在3个差异较大的硅藻群落,流域下游以Nitzschia recta为优势种,A.lanceolata、Amphora montan、Planothidium frequentissimum在中下游丰度较高,上游区域种类较多。典型相关分析(Canonical Correspondence Analysis,CCA)排序前两轴解释了硅藻群落变异程度的28.60%,CCA排序轴1与水质(Cond.、WT、NH4-N、NO3-N、TN)和土地利用(城市面积、农田面积、植被覆盖)显著负相关,与地理因素(流域面积、海拔、坡度)显著正相关,第二轴与浊度(NTU)显著正相关(P<0.05)。偏典型相关分析(Partial CCAAnalyses)显示,土地利用、地理因子、水质分别解释了桂江流域硅藻群落变异的7.20%,17.50%,48.50%。结果表明,桂江流域附生硅藻群落结构是水质、地理因子和土地利用共同作用的结果,水质起决定性作用,电导和不同形态的氮是影响附生硅藻群落结构的主要水质因素。     

水质对东江流域附生硅藻群落的影响

运用相关分析(CA),典型对应分析(CCA),加权平均分析(WA)研究了影响东江流域附生硅藻的主要水质因子及对应的最适生态范围。CA显示,13项水质指标中溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen,DO)、氨氮(NH4-N)、亚硝氮(NO2-N)、氯化物(Cl)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、磷酸盐(PO4-P)与其它指标间的相关性较强(P0.05),其余指标间相关性较低(P0.05)。以相关性较弱的p H、电导率(Cond.)、硅酸盐(Si O2)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、硝氮(NO3-N)、化学需氧量(CODKMn O4)进行CCA分析,排序显示影响附生硅藻的水质因子依次为Cond.、NO3-N、CODKMn O4、TP、TN,对应的生态最适范围分别为39.20—642.00μs/cm、0.46—2.77mg/L、1.0—5.5mg/L、0.02—0.64mg/L、0.48—3.43mg/L。研究表明,Cond、NO3-N、CODKMn O4、TP、TN是影响东江附生硅藻分布的主要水质因子,Cyclostephanos invisitatus、Gomphonema olivaceum、Nitzschia acicularis、N.capitellata、N.intermedia可以指示东江较高的电导率,Aulacoseira ambigua、A.lirata、Cyclotella meneghiniana、Cyclostephanos invisitatus、Eunotia minor、Nitzschia acicularis、N.Clausii、Pinnularia subcapitata是东江TN、TP污染的指示种。Nitzschia acicularis对TN、TP的耐受性最高,Navicula eidrigiana对TN、TP敏感性最强。     

黑河干流纤毛虫群落组成及其对水质的响应

为了解淡水纤毛虫群落对河流水质变化的响应及将淡水纤毛虫群落特征作为评价水质的一个重要参数,于2013年2月至2014年1月,选取黑河干流流域作为研究区域,分不同季节采集水样对其纤毛虫群落组成和理化指标进行分析。结果表明:从上游地区到下游地区,水中总氮含量(TN)、化学需氧量(COD)、生物需氧量(BOD)和溶氧量(DO)差异显著,总磷含量TP与pH值相对稳定。水质条件的改变使得河流中纤毛虫群落多样性指数、丰富度指数与均匀度指数显著下降(P0.05),而污生指数显著上升(P0.05)。这表明纤毛虫群落的组成变化能够敏感地表征水质的变化情况。冗余分析显示,黑河干流纤毛虫群落的变化很好地响应了河流水质的变化情况,根据生物学指标,将黑河干流水质评价为轻度至中度污染,显示出生物学评价在河流水质评价方面存在相当的潜力。     

大型溞引导的沉水植被生态修复对滴水湖水质的净化效果

2007年4月-2008年1月,在滴水湖D港中段长950m(水量为10000m3)的修复区内投放大型溞(Daphnia magna),以滤除水华藻类等颗粒有机物,然后移栽伊乐藻、苦草、轮叶黒藻、光叶眼子菜和菹草等沉水植物,逐月监测水体中总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、亚硝态氮(NO2--N)、总磷(TP)、活性磷酸盐(PO43--P)和COD等水质指标,分析沉水植被栽培对滴水湖水体水质的净化效果.结果表明:试验期间,修复区水体TN、TP、NO3--N、NO2--N、NH4+-N、PO43--P和COD显著低于对照区(P0.01),溶解氧(DO)增加了50.4%,水体透明度(SD)平均在3.4~3.7m,水质达到国家Ⅱ~Ⅲ类地表水水质标准;2008年3月应用已构建的沉水植被群落对富营养化流水水体水质进行净化试验,7d后修复区流水水体除BOD外,TN、TP、NO3--N、NO2--N、NH4+-N、PO43--P和COD均显著降低(P0.01),DO增加了17.98%,SD提高了30cm.利用大型溞控藻后移栽沉水植物对滴水湖水体水质的净化效果十分显著.     

流溪河流域景观空间特征与河流水质的关联分析

人类活动影响或改变流域景观空间结构,并有可能对河流水质产生不同程度的影响,以流溪河流域为研究区,分析流域景观空间格局特征与水质指数之间的相关关系。将流域划分为27个子流域,采集水样分析水质状况,所选用的水质指标有氨氮(NH3-N)、硝态氮-亚硝态氮(NO3-N+NO2-N)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(CODCr)。结果表明:1)该流域土地利用结构与水质具有显著相关性,其中居住用地对水质的影响作用最强,林地对河流水质具有净化功能,与水质指标之间的关系表现为负相关,园地与水质指标关系具有不确定性;2)流域景观特征从上游到下游之间表现为城市化增强的梯度,水质状况响应这个梯度变化表现为上游优于下游,人类活动及城市化发展引起的土地利用变化及土地管理方式对水质变化有显著影响;(3)景观破碎度与水质呈现显著正相关性,是影响水质的重要指标,景观聚集程度和斑块形状复杂程度与水质有负相关关系;子流域尺度和河岸带尺度景观空间特征对水质的影响差异不明显。     

基于附生硅藻的川蔓藻水质综合需求研究

选择生长良好的川蔓藻群落,计算其表面附生硅藻的特定污染敏感指数(IPS)和硅藻生物指数(IBD)及其生态类群,以期阐明川蔓藻对水环境的综合需求,为川蔓藻的恢复和保护提供有价值的参考.结果显示,川蔓藻上附生硅藻共36种,分属9科13属,以异极藻属(Gomphonema)、舟形藻属(Navicula)和菱形藻属(Nitzschia)为主,优势种有Cocconeisplacentula var.euglypta,Cymbella tropica,Achnanthidium minutissimum,Nitzschia amphibia和Gomphonema minutum.硅藻指数IPS和IBD显示水体质量为"好".耐N-自养型和兼性N-异养型生态类群、需氧较高和中等需氧、喜中性类群至喜碱性、微咸水、β-中污和α-中污染性以及富营养性硅藻类群分别大于总数的70%、60%、80%、70%、70%和80%以上.以上结果表明,川蔓藻水体环境pH值7.0～8.0之间,Cl含量大致介于0.1～0.5 g·L^-1之间,水体N浓度较低,有机污染程度较轻,氧气较为充足,适度的营养物质促进川蔓藻的生长,IPS和IBD可以综合显示川蔓藻对水环境的需求.     

两类水质综合评价方法的特点及其在河流水环境管理中的作用

河流水质恶化已成为严峻的环境问题,针对河流开展水质综合评价对河流水环境管理具有重要意义。依据不同的评价目标,选择合理的综合评价的评估标准成为河流水质评价中重要的问题之一。通过基于期望值和阈值的水质健康综合评估法(ETI)和水质质量指数(WQI)两种水质综合评价方法对"引滦入津"工程重要水源地伊逊河水质进行评价,结果显示:1)伊逊河水质ETI评估结果为良好等级,WQI评估结果为一般等级;2)伊逊河采样点水质在ETI评价中分布于4个等级,WQI仅分布于2个等级;3)伊逊河自上游至下游水质显著降低,特别是ETI评估中由优秀等级转变为差等级;4)ETI和WQI评估结果显示极显著相关性(R=0.951,P0.01);5)通过逐步多元回归,ETI评估结果的主导因子是DO、EC、SS、BOD_5和TP(P0.05),WQI评估结果的主导因子是DO、SS、BOD_5、TP、TN和NH_3-N(P0.05)。进一步分析表明伊逊河水质恶化与其流域内土地利用情况密切相关。在河流水环境管理中,ETI作为一种水质相对值评估方法,能更好体现流域内水质差异的区分度,便于管理者迅速定位流域内亟需治理的河流或河段,同时能够根据河流自身特征制定管理目标,可作为河流管理绩效评估的有效手段;而WQI作为一种水质绝对值评估方法,更适用于河流水质时间变化评估,对河流经长期治理后的管理效果评价起到重要作用。     

鱼腥草浮床对养殖水质及罗非鱼非特异免疫力的影响

通过构建中草药鱼腥草与罗非鱼共生池塘养殖系统, 研究了该系统中鱼腥草作为浮床植物对吉富罗非鱼非特异免疫力影响和对养殖水质的调控作用。结果显示, 在持续3 个月的养殖实验过程中, 实验塘COD、NH4+-N、NO2 – -N、TP 和PO4^3-–-P 等主要水质指标均显著低于对照塘(P<0.05); pH、DO 则呈不规律波动, 实验塘与对照塘无显著差异。实验塘罗非鱼血清溶菌酶(LSZ)、一氧化氮(NO)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活力均高于对照塘(P<0.05), 丙二醛(MDA)活力则低于对照塘(P<0.05)。此外, 实验塘和对照塘罗非鱼平均成活率分别为95.25%和88.15%;实验塘罗非鱼的相对增重率和特定增长率分别达到326.63%和161.19%, 远远高于对照塘的264.4%和143.68%。结果表明: 鱼腥草浮床对罗非鱼池塘养殖水质具有明显的调控作用, 可较好促进水体的自净功能。同时, 鱼腥草浮床可明显提高罗非鱼非特异免疫能力, 从而提高其成活率及产量。     

洋河水质现状及其成因分析

为探究洋河水质现状, 利用2017年11月至12月水质实测数据, 分析了洋河10项水质指标的异质性及其成因。结果表明: (1)单因子指数评价结果: 洋河总体水质较差, 不同地段差异明显。基于各断面水质现状与评价结果来看, 总体达标率为25%, 下游污染较严重达标率为0%, 主要超标因子为COD、TP、DO、NH4+-N和浊度。(2)分析上下游水质变化特征, 发现上游水体中浊度变异系数最大, 其次是TP和BOD5; 下游水体中TP变异系数最大, 其次是BOD5, 表明水质呈现一定变异性。(3)基于遥感影像, 提取河岸两侧一定范围内的土地利用类型并与水质要素进行相关性分析, 洋河上游主要以面污染源为主, 下游主要以点源污染为主。耕地、城镇、建设用地、水面和草地对水质的影响较显著。(4)统计分析流域区县社会经济结构并建立与水质要素间相关关系, 结果显示洋河流域水生生态系统较脆弱, 下游受工业企业的污染贡献较大。人口、农产品、水产品产量和综合能源消耗量对水质影响显著。     

乡村城镇化水污染的生态风险及背景警戒值的研究

对江南地区乡村城镇化引起水污染的生态风险进行定量估测与相关分析表明 ,地表水BOD5、NO 3 N、苯酚、表面活性剂和降水 pH、Pb、NO 2 N、苯酚及地下水NO 3 N等水质参数与小城镇人口总数存在着一元线性显著正相关 ,地下水氯化物、细菌总数、洗涤剂和地表水CODCr等水质参数与小城镇人口总数存在着指数显著正相关 ,地表水BOD5、苯酚、表面活性剂和地下水NO 3 N、氯化物、细菌总数、洗涤剂及降水pH、苯酚、Pb等水质参数与小城镇人口密度存在着一元线性显著正相关 ,降水NO 2 N与小城镇人口密度存在着指数显著正相关 .并对该地区小城镇人口的背景极限值和最大允许背景密度进行了推算 .     

Diatom Communities and Water Quality Assessment in Mountain Rivers of the Upper Segre Basin (La Cerdanya,Oriental Pyrenees)

Epilithic diatoms of mountain rivers from the upper Segre catchment (Oriental Pyrenees) were studied in 1998, during three different seasons: March, July and September. Four rivers, the river Segre and its three most important tributaries, Duran, Molina and Querol, were sampled in upstream and downstream stretches. The diatom communities were comparable in all upstream stretches of these mountain rivers draining siliceous substrates. Dominant taxa were Achnanthidium subatomus, Diatoma mesodon, Encyonema cf. minutum, E. silesiacum, Fragilaria arcus, F. capucina, Gomphonema calcifugum, G. pumilum, Meridion circulare and Nitzschia pura. Changes in water quality in the downstream stretches lead to the appearance of pollution tolerant taxa, such as Eolimna minima, Gomphoneis minuta, Navicula gregaria, and Nitzschia inconspicua. As a result, the values obtained with the diatom water quality indices (IPS Specific Polluosensitivity Index, CEE and IBD Biological Diatom Index) decreased. The diatom community composition and the derived water quality values did not change in the upstream stretches over the year. In contrast, significant changes were observed in the downstream stretches with best water␣quality in July, during high flows due to melting snow, and worst values in September, during low␣discharge. The diatom indices, especially the IPS, showed a good performance in these mountain rivers.     

Use of benthic diatom communities to evaluate water quality in rivers of southern Poland

Biological and chemical data were processed to estimate trophic stage and degree of pollution in several streams and rivers in southern Poland. The majority were eutrophic and some of them heavily polluted; only a few were oligo-mesotrophic. The differences in the water quality of the rivers were reflected by different types of diatom community and also by the values for some diatom indices, which were calculated using the latest version of the 'Omnidia' database software. Except for the Sládeček's index, all diatom indices correlated significantly with organic load (COD), oxygen concentration, conductivity and most of the measured ions. Some indices showed a significant negative correlation with trophic level (expressed by NH₄-N and PO₄-P). In general, IPS (Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index) and GDI (Generic Diatom Index) indices gave the best results. Among the investigated diatom communities, only a few taxa indicated oligo-mesotrophy and oligo-β-mesosaprobity. Most of the sites were characterised by a greater relative contribution of eutraphent and tolerant ones as well as α-mesosaprobic and polysaprobic diatoms. This study suggests that the structure of benthic diatom communities and diatom indices, especially GDI, can be applied for monitoring rivers in Poland. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Diatoms as water quality indicators in the upper reaches of the Great Fish River,Eastern Cape,South Africa

This study focused on the spring-fed upper reaches of the economically important Great Fish River with the aim of determining if diatoms could be used for biomonitoring in semi-arid conditions in southern Africa. Five sites were monitored monthly from 2010 to 2012. Of the 269 diatom taxa belonging to 51 genera identified, the dominant taxa were mostly those considered to be pollution-tolerant: Amphora pediculus, Craticula buderi, Fragilaria biceps, Nitzschia frustulum, Nitzschia paleacea, Planothidium lanceolatum and Rhopalodia gibba. A number of diatom-based numerical indices were used to infer water quality, including the generic diatom index, the specific pollution sensitivity index, the biological diatom index, and percentage pollution-tolerant valves, which forms part of the UK trophic diatom index. All index scores showed the Great Fish River to be impacted, and showed significant correlations of diatom species abundance with pH, NO₃-N, electrical conductivity, NH4-N and CaCO_3. Analysis revealed EC and NO3-N as the main environmental drivers affecting diatom community composition, followed by pH and PO4-P. The percentage of diatom deformities at all sites was high, at 3.5%. Diatom indices showed the river to be impacted by decades of agricultural activity, which was confirmed by chemical water analysis. Thus diatom indices can be used for biomonitoring in semi-arid areas.     

Impact of Urban Pollution from the Hanoi Area on Benthic Diatom Communities Collected from the Red, Nhue and Tolich Rivers (Vietnam)

The effects of urban pollution from Hanoi city on the benthic diatom communities of the Nhue–Tolich river system were studied during the 2003 dry season. Benthic diatoms were allowed to grow on glass slides suspended in the water flow for 4 weeks. To reveal the relationship between water quality and diatom communities, Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used on data concerning relative abundances of diatom species and environmental variables. Two diatom indices, IPS and DAIpo, were applied to evaluate water quality in the three rivers. A total of 291 diatom taxa were found in the Red, Nhue and Tolich Rivers. These were mainly cosmopolitan taxa, with some tropical, subtropical and endemic taxa. The most abundant taxa at the Red site were Aulacoseira granulata, Achnanthidium minutissimum, Encyonema minutum, Navicula recens and other halophilous taxa such as Nitzschia kurzii, Seminavis strigosa, Entomoneis paludosa, Bacillaria paradoxa. Diatom assemblages at the Tolich site consisted mainly of Nitzschia umbonata, Nitzschia palea and Eolimna minima. Diatom density ranged from 660 to 30,000 cells/cm². Environmental variables and diatom assemblage composition at all sites were significantly correlated. Two diatom indices gave similar results and indicate the Tolich River with the lowest values as a highly polluted site.     

Scale dependence of landscape metrics and their indicatory value for nutrient and organic matter losses from catchments

We investigated scale dependence of landscape metrics and the relationship between land use parameters and FRAGSTATS-based landscape metrics (edge density (ED), patch density (PD), mean shape index (SHAPE_MN), mean euclidean nearest neighbor index (ENN_MN), contagion (CONTAG), patch richness density (PRD), and Shannon's diversity index (SHDI)) and nutrient/organic-matter-based water quality indicators (BOD₇ and COD_KMnO4 values, total-N and total-P concentrations in water) in 24 catchments with various land use patterns in Estonia. We used the Basic Map of Estonia (1:10,000), the Base Map of Estonia (1:50,000) and the CORINE Land Cover Map (1:100,000). In scale analysis, we calculated landscape metrics on artificial and real landscapes. Scale analysis showed that responses of landscape metrics to changing grain size vary among landscapes and metrics. Analysis of artificial landscapes showed that mean euclidean nearest neighbor distance and contagion are directly dependent on grain size and should therefore be used carefully. When finding relationships between landscape metrics and water quality indicators, significant differences between the relationships derived from the Base Map and the CORINE Land Cover Map were found. In the case of the Base Map, landscape metrics correlated strongly with land use and showed no expected relationships with water quality data. This underlines the importance of land use classification in such kind of analysis. Correlation between the landscape metrics calculated on the basis of the CORINE Land Cover Map and water quality data was stronger than in the case of the Base Map. The COD_KMnO4 value significantly correlated with all land use types. For instance, the COD_KMnO4 values are higher when fens and natural areas form a higher proportion of the catchments’ land use. Except for the BOD₇ value, all the water quality indicators showed significant correlation with urban land use proportions. Strong relationship between the patch density and the COD_KMnO4 value is most likely caused by the fact that both parameters were significantly correlated with the proportion of natural areas. As the landscape metrics depend on pixel size, topographic scale, and land use classification, and as the effect of land use on water quality in catchments is the most significant of the factors, it was impossible to separate the influence of land use pattern from the influence of FRAGSTATS-based landscape metrics.     

Distribution of Epilithic Diatoms in Response to Environmental Conditions in an Urban Tropical Stream, Central Kenya

Use of diatoms in monitoring water quality is well acknowledged in developed countries, but only recently has the assessment started gaining importance in developing countries. Diatoms can be obtained from natural and artificial substrates. Appreciating the differences and similarities of diatom assemblages on both substrates may contribute to a better understanding and standardization particularly during monitoring of water quality. During this study we assessed diatom assemblages, biodiversity and trophic indices in relation to water quality along the Nairobi River. Fifteen sites were sampled in September 2000 during the dry season. Diatoms were collected from natural substrates (stones, pebbles) and artificial substrates (100% acrylic wool). On artificial and natural substrates, a total of 190 and 151 taxa were found, respectively, the majority of these taxa (80%) have cosmopolitan distribution and are also widespread throughout tropical African. Species composition changed downstream, five taxa dominated upper and mid stream sites whereas lower stream sites were dominated by one or two taxa. Species richness, diversity, dominance and evenness were positively correlated with NO₃, O₂ and altitude but decreased markedly downstream with a simultaneous increase in total dissolved solids, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand and PO₄. Ordination and classification (CANOCO and TWINSPAN) showed that diatom assemblages in the Nairobi River responded strongly to water quality changes with respect to concentrations of NO₃, NO₂, total dissolved solids and temperature. Taxa common at less impacted upstream sites included Gomphonema gracilis, Anomoeoneis brachysira and Fragilaria biceps; while common taxa at midstream sites with agricultural catchments were Gomphonema parvulum, Navicula cryptocephala, N. schroeteri, N. bryophila, N. halophila, Nitzschia linearis var. linearis and Cymbella silesica. Achnanthes minutissima var. saprophila, Gomphonema angustum, Navicula subminuscula, N. arvensis, Nitzschia palea and N. umbonata were most common at urban sites, which were polluted by residential and industrial effluents. Trophic diatom indices suggested that water quality was poor at most sites in the Nairobi River. Most sites along the river had low Generic Diatom Index values, GDI (<12) and high Trophic Diatom Index values, TDI 73–78 (median = 76) and 75–84 (median = 77) for artificial and natural substrates, respectively. This study showed that diatoms' response on natural and artificial substrates were similar and reflected environmental conditions correctly.     

Ecological status of some Finnish rivers evaluated using benthic diatom communities

The applicability of some diatom methods to quality assessment of differenttypes of Finnish rivers was compared using dominant taxa of diatomcommunities and nutrient level estimations using Trophic Diatom Index(TDI) and a new Phosphorus Diatom Equation (PDE) [Tot. P_calc (g l^-1) = 39 – 0.278 ol-% – 0.117 olme-% – 0.346me-% – 0.006 meeu-% + 1.193 eu-%; n = 97; r² = 0.742;SE = 17.4]. The overall quality estimations were done by Index ofPollution Sensitivity (IPS) and by Generic Diatom Index (GDI); limit valuesfor quality classes are proposed.     

Effects of Land Use,Topography and Socio-Economic Factors on River Water Quality in a Mountainous Watershed with Intensive Agricultural Production in East China

Understanding the primary effects of anthropogenic activities and natural factors on river water quality is important in the study and efficient management of water resources. In this study, analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson correlations, Multiple regression analysis (MRA) and Redundancy analysis (RDA) were applied as an integrated approach in a GIS environment to explore the temporal and spatial variations in river water quality and to estimate the influence of watershed land use, topography and socio-economic factors on river water quality based on 3 years of water quality monitoring data for the Cao-E River system. The statistical analysis revealed that TN, pH and temperature were generally higher in the rainy season, whereas BOD₅, DO and turbidity were higher in the dry season. Spatial variations in river water quality were related to numerous anthropogenic and natural factors. Urban land use was found to be the most important explanatory variable for BOD₅, COD_Mn, TN, DN, NH₄ ⁺-N, NO₃ ⁻-N, DO, pH and TP. The animal husbandry output per capita was an important predictor of TP and turbidity, and the gross domestic product per capita largely determined spatial variations in EC. The remaining unexplained variance was related to other factors, such as topography. Our results suggested that pollution control of animal waste discharge in rural settlements, agricultural runoff in cropland, industrial production pollution and domestic pollution in urban and industrial areas were important within the Cao-E River basin. Moreover, the percentage of the total overall river water quality variance explained by an individual variable and/or all environmental variables (according to RDA) can assist in quantitatively identifying the primary factors that control pollution at the watershed scale.     

扎龙湿地硅藻植物群落季节变化及其对环境的响应

扎龙湿地位于黑龙江省西部、松嫩平原乌裕尔河下游,是我国北方同纬度地区最完整的湿地。于2012年春、夏、秋3季,对扎龙湿地6个代表性区域进行硅藻标本采集,经观察鉴定,发现硅藻植物140个分类单位,包括121种19变种,隶属于2纲6目9科30属。羽纹纲物种较丰富,占总种类数的95%。硅藻植物群落呈现明显的季节演替,秋季硅藻种类丰富度及相对丰度明显高于春、夏两季,优势种多以淡水、半咸水、喜弱碱的种类为主,优势种与水体的盐度和酸碱度存在一定的响应关系。应用典范对应分析(Canonical Correspondence Analysis,CCA)探讨硅藻植物群落变化与环境因子之间的关系。CCA结果显示在扎龙湿地中,水温、电导率、pH、溶解氧是影响硅藻群落结构变化的主要因素,此外总氮、总磷也是硅藻群落季节演替的重要驱动因子。结合硅藻植物多样性指数和硅藻商对扎龙湿地水质进行综合评价,结果显示扎龙湿地整体为中-寡污带水体,部分水域水质较清洁,少数样点受人为因素影响,呈轻污染。