西瓜wml1 5＇端启动子区域对番茄的遗传转化及其转录调控功能研究

根据wml1 5‘端启动子区域内部的限制性酶切位点,分离得到长度分别为1573bp、1197bp、896bp、795bp的片段,并与GUS基因融合构成转录融合体。用农杆菌介导法将这些片段转入番茄中,对转基因植株进行GUS活性分析,发现1573bp、1197bp、896bp的片段都能诱导GUS在授粉后15天、30天、45天的番茄果实中表达,且表达强度随果实发育而增强,而在叶片、茎、根中未检测到GUS基因表达。而795bp的片段转化的植株中则未检测到GUS基因表达。推定857bp至957bp之间的序列中包含了启动子行使正常功能必需的元件。     

西瓜果实特异启动子WSP功能区域的初步定位

西瓜AGPase 的大亚基基因wml1的 5′端上游1573bp序列,是一个果实特异性启动子(命名为WSP)。根据WSP内部酶切位点,获得了3个不同5′端缺失的启动子片段（长分别为 1201bp、898bp、795bp）,并构建成植物瞬间表达载体,与含WSP的瞬间表达载体一起用基因枪的方法转入西瓜叶、茎、花及不同发育期果实中。瞬时表达结果表明,1573bp 、1201bp 、898bp的片段均能指导GUS基因在西瓜果实和花中特异性表达,但是表达强度和表达时期有所不同,795bp的片段不能指导GUS基因表达。推测在180bp-551bp之间可能存在促进外源基因在果实发育后期表达的顺式作用元件,而果实特异调控区域可能位于854bp-957bp之间。     

西瓜果实特异启动子WSP功能区域的初步定位

西瓜AGPase的大亚基基因wml1的 5′端上游 15 73bp序列 ,是一个果实特异性启动子 (命名为WSP)。根据WSP内部酶切位点 ,获得了 3个不同 5′端缺失的启动子片段 (长分别为 12 0 1bp、898bp、795bp) ,并构建成植物瞬间表达载体 ,与含WSP的瞬间表达载体一起用基因枪的方法转入西瓜叶、茎、花及不同发育期果实中。瞬时表达结果表明 ,15 73bp、12 0 1bp、898bp的片段均能指导GUS基因在西瓜果实和花中特异性表达 ,但是表达强度和表达时期有所不同 ,795bp的片段不能指导GUS基因表达。推测在 180bp 5 5 1bp之间可能存在促进外源基因在果实发育后期表达的顺式作用元件 ,而果实特异调控区域可能位于 85 4bp 95 7bp之间。     

ACC氧化酶和ACC合成酶反义RNA融合基因导入番茄和乙烯合成的抑制

从番茄品种强力米寿的总DNA中克隆番茄果实特异启动子2A11,以番茄成熟果实的RNA为模板,进行RT-PCR扩增,克隆番茄全长的ACC氧化酶基因和ACC合成酶基因片段。完成两个基因的克隆和测序后,将888bp的番茄ACC氧化酶基因和943bp的ACC合成酶基因片段串联,构成全长1837bp的融合基因。将该融合基因以反义的方向插入植物双元载体pYPX145中番茄果实表达特异启动子下游,获得ACC氧化酶基因和ACC合成酶基因融合的植物双元载体pOSACC。该载体外源基因表达单元的两端含两个烟草SAR序列,利于转基因的稳定遗传。以番茄栽培品种合作903子叶和下胚轴为外植体,利用根癌农杆菌进行基因转化,通过200mg/L卡那霉素选择和GUS检测,获得了105株番茄GUS阳性植株,转基因番茄果实在当代表现明显耐贮特点。经过4代的耐贮和果实农艺性状的综合选择,获得了两个表现良好的株系DR-1和DR-2,两株系果实乙烯释放量显著下降,是未转基因材料的9.5%,番茄的贮存期在50天以上。     

ACC氧化酶和ACC合成酶反义RNA融合基因导入番茄和乙烯合成的抑制

从番茄品种强力米寿的总DNA中克隆番茄果实特异启动子2A11,以番茄成熟果实的RNA为模板,进行RT-PCR扩增,克隆番茄全长的ACC氧化酶基因和ACC合成酶基因片段。完成两个基因的克隆和测序后,将888bp的番茄ACC氧化酶基因和943bp的ACC合成酶基因片段串联,构成全长1837bp的融合基因。将该融合基因以反义的方向插入植物双元载体pYPX145中番茄果实表达特异启动子下游,获得ACC氧化酶基因和ACC合成酶基因融合的植物双元载体pOSACC。该载体外源基因表达单元的两端含两个烟草SAR序列,利于转基因的稳定遗传。以番茄栽培品种合作903子叶和下胚轴为外植体,利用根癌农杆菌进行基因转化,通过200mg／L卡那霉素选择和GUS检测,获得了105株番茄GUS阳性植株,转基因番茄果实在当代表现明显耐贮特点。经过4代的耐贮和果实农艺性状的综合选择,获得了两个表现良好的株系DR-1和DR-2,两株系果实乙烯释放量显著下降,是未转基因材料的9．5％,番茄的贮存期在50天以上。     

番茄Lehsp23.8启动子的热诱导表达调控序列鉴定

番茄线粒体小分子热激蛋白(Lehsp23.8)启动子是典型的热诱导启动子。为了研究热激条件下该启动子的调控序列,本研究将不同长度的Lehsp23.8启动子序列与gus基因融合,构建5′缺失植物表达载体。然后用农杆菌介导法转化烟草,PCR及Southern blotting结果表明融合基因已经整合到烟草基因组中。GUS组织化学染色结果表明:不同长度Lehsp23.8启动子转基因植株热激处理后,在幼苗根、茎、叶以及花和果实中均表现出GUS活性,只是染色强弱有差异。叶片中GUS荧光活性测定结果表明:在热激处理条件下,565bp的Lehsp23.8启动子介导的GUS表达最强;而255bp的Lehsp23.8启动子介导的GUS表达最弱。说明Lehsp23.8启动子中255bp的序列即能满足该启动子的热激表达,-565bp～-255bp之间存在明显的增强子元件,而-871bp～-565bp之间的片段具有一定的抑制作用。     

甜瓜黄瓜素基因启动子表达载体的构建及分析

该研究构建了由黄瓜素基因5′端310bp启动子序列驱动β-葡萄糖醛酸酶(GUS)报告基因的植物表达载体pPZP-CGN,通过花粉管通道法将植物表达载体pPZP-CGN导入甜瓜,并采用荧光法定量测定转基因植株中GUS活性。结果显示,gus基因在果实中高表达,而在根、茎、叶等组织中表达活性很低,表明黄瓜素基因上游310bp启动子具有指导外源基因在果实中高效特异表达的特性。     

果实特异性RNAi介导的Lcy基因沉默来增加番茄中番茄红素的含量

根据GenBank中番茄的番茄红素β-环化酶(Lcy)基因序列和八氢番茄红素去饱和酶基因(Pds)启动子序列设计特异引物从番茄基因组DNA中分别扩增出了Lcy基因的高度保守的长302bp的DNA片段和长1790的Pds启动子片段。根据RNAi的原理,将Lcy基因的DNA片段以正反两个方向通过一段内含子序列连接在一起形成RNAi片段,将该片段与Pds启动子一起插入到pVCT2020的表达载体中,通过农杆菌介导的方法转化番茄,获得转基因植株5棵,PCR检测证实外源片段已成功导入番茄基因组中。收获转色期后20d左右的完全成熟的番茄果实提取番茄红素进行含量分析,结果显示转基因番茄果实中番茄红素的含量极大的增加了。上述结果表明通过RNAi果实特异性的抑制类胡萝卜素代谢途径中生物合成酶基因的表达能够极大的增加番茄果实中番茄红素的含量。这为通过基因工程手段提高番茄果实中的营养价值提供了参考。     

竹节花黄斑驳病毒启动子的缺失分析及功能

竹节花黄斑驳病毒(CoYMV)是侵染单子叶植物竹节花的一 种双链环状DNA病毒,它的启动子可介导外源基因在烟草韧皮部特异表达。为了研究其组织 特异性表达的最佳启动子区域,对CoYMV启动子进行了5′端五种不同长度的缺失分析,用不同长度的启动子片段与GUS基因及NOS3′端转录中止序列构建了全长启动子及5 个缺失启动子序列的六个嵌合GUS基因植物表达载体。利用农杆菌将上述嵌合基因转化烟草 外植体后,每种表达载体都获得了一批转基因烟草植株。转化再生烟草植株的PCR分析、GUS 酶活测定及GUS组织染色的结果表明六种类型的嵌合基因已整合到烟草染色体中,并有五种 表达出GUS活性。缺失到870bp的启动子比全长启动子(1040bp)的活性约高78%,870bp比585bp启动子介导的GUS活性略高但差别不明显,缺失到447和232时GUS活性有明显下 降,但仍具有韧皮部特异表达的特性。当缺失到TATA box附近的44bp时启动子丧失组织特 异性,GUS活性也降低到测不出来的水平。以上结果表明CoYMV启动子从转录起始位点上游 870bp～230bp及232bp下游区分别与启动子的活性和韧皮部组织特异性密切相关,870bp上游可能存在一个负调控序列,所以该启动子的活性和组织特异性的最佳调控区应在87 0bp或585bp的下游区。CoYMV启动子与35S启动子驱动GUS基因在烟草中表达的活性相比, 前者为后者的70%左右,考虑到前者仅在韧皮部细胞表达而后者为组成型表达,所以CoYMV启 动子在韧皮部的活性可能与35S启动子相当或更高。CoYMV启动子在其它转基因植物中驱动外 源基因表达的特点正在研究中。     

香蕉果实特异性ACC合酶基因启动子区的克隆及其功能初探

根据本实验室所获得的香蕉果实特异性ACC合酶cDNA序列,以改进的接头连接PCR方法通过两次步行从香蕉基因组中分别扩增并克隆了其基因5′旁侧区近端1.2kb和远端1.6kb的片段。通过拼接,构建出含有2505bp启动子区和转录起始位点下游86bp的共2591bp的基因5′旁侧区片段;其启发性动子区中34至28为推测的TATA盒序列,158至146为推测的CCAAT盒,与其它植物基因启动子结构相类似。将2.5kb启动子片段与β-葡糖苷酸酶(GUS)基因编码序列融合,用基因枪法将构建的嵌合基因转入香蕉叶、根和果实的细胞后,只在果实细胞中观察到报告基因的瞬时表达,从功能上证明了此25kb的启动子片段具有指导报告基因在香蕉果实中特异性表达的作用。同时构建5个含不同5′端缺失启动子与GUS融合基因的表达载体。瞬时表达结果表明可能负责果实特异性表达的调控区存在于转录起始位点至-1111的启动子区中,而在-1111至-608区间可能存在一个正控制区。     

Pollen-specific gene expression in transgenic plants: coordinate regulation of two different tomato gene promoters during microsporogenesis

To investigate the regulation of gene expression during male gametophyte development, we analyzed the promoter activity of two different genes (LAT52 and LAT59) from tomato, isolated on the basis of their anther-specific expression. In transgenic tomato, tobacco and Arabidopsis plants containing the LAT52 promoter region fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, GUS activity was restricted to pollen. Transgenic tomato, tobacco and Arabidopsis plants containing the LAT59 promoter region fused to GUS also showed very high levels of GUS activity in pollen. However, low levels of expression of the LAT59 promoter construct were also detected in seeds and roots. With both constructs, the appearance of GUS activity in developing anthers was correlated with the onset of microspore mitosis and increased progressively until anthesis (pollen shed). Our results demonstrate co-ordinate regulation of the LAT52 and LAT59 promoters in developing microspores and suggest that the mechanisms that regulate pollen-specific gene expression are evolutionarily conserved.     

Expression of the Fusarium resistance gene I-2 colocalizes with the site of fungal containment

The tomato resistance gene I-2 is one of at least six members of a gene family that are expressed at low levels in the roots, stems and leaves of young tomato plants. Plants transformed with constructs containing a functional I-2 promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene were used in detailed expression studies. Highest GUS activity was found in stems of young tomato plants. Histochemical analysis revealed that the I-2 promoter drives expression of the reporter gene in vascular tissue of fruits, leaves, stems and mature roots. In younger roots, expression was most abundant at the base of lateral root primordia. Microscopical analysis of young tomato plants revealed expression in tissue surrounding the xylem vessels. We show that in resistant plants, fungal growth into this region of the vascular tissue is prevented, suggesting a correlation with the I-2-mediated resistance response.     

Analysis of the Maize 19 kD Zein Gene Promoter Fragment Driving Seed specific Expression

A deletion works of a maize 19 kD zein gene promoter in the 5'end was performed and six promoter fragments of different length were obtained. A series of expression vectors was constructed and then transferred into tobacco ( Nicotiarta tabacum L. ) plants. GUS activity assays indicated that the expression of 488 bp promoter was tissue-specific, for which GUS was active only in transgenic tobacco seeds. The other four fragments containing 378 bp,302 bp,152 bp and 124 bp also have the activity of promoter. They could drive gus gene expressed not only in seeds but also in roots and petioles.     

Characterization of an expansin gene and its ripening-specific promoter fragments from sour cherry (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus cerasus</Emphasis> L.) cultivars

The presence of expansins was investigated in various developmental and ripening stages of cherry fruits by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. An expansin gene and three fragments (242, 607 and 929 bp) of its promoter region were cloned. The genomic clone of the expansin gene contained three introns, two exons spanning a 1.6 and a 1.0 kb upstream region. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis showed that this gene was ripening specific. Chimeric promoter—GUS constructs were made and truncated forms of the expansin promoter were introduced into tomatoes by agroinjection and fruits were analyzed for GUS expression by histochemical GUS staining and enzyme activity assays. The 0.60 kb expansin promoter efficiently induced GUS expression in transgenic tomatoes, whereas constructs with the 0.25 kb promoter did not display significant GUS staining. The highest GUS activity was detected in tomatoes containing the 1.0 kb promoter construct. Both large base pair promoter constructs drove the expression of the GUS gene at an equal or higher rate than the tomato E8 promoter.