浙江长兴灰岩中扁体鱼化石的发现

本文记述的煤山中华扁体鱼(新属、新种)Sinoplatysomus meishanensis gen.et sp.nov.,发现于浙江省长兴县煤山晚二叠世长兴灰岩中。这一发现对于了解扁体鱼的地理和地层分布是很有意义的,丰富了我国晚古生代海相地层中的鱼化石资料。     

广州市郊上三叠统小坪组昆虫

一、前言本文记述的3种化石昆虫采自广州市西北石井崩岗上三叠统小坪组含煤岩层,2种为(虫非)蠊盖翅:Triassoblatta tegmina sp.nov.,Triassoblatta opistodictyna sp.nov,属中生(虫非)蠊科三叠(虫非)蠊属;另一种为鞘翅目的鞘翅Shijingocoleus margacrispus gen.et sp.nov.,属裂鞘甲科的新属、新种。前二种(虫非)蠊类于粤中乃首次报道;后一种裂鞘甲不仅是我国的首次发现,也是世界上中生代地层中的首次发现,此科以往的地史记录是晚石炭世一晚二叠世,小坪组发现的这个科证明它存在时间可延续至晚三叠世。     

黔桂皖二叠纪末期硅泥质岩相地层中的介形类

对广西柳桥剖面、贵州晒瓦剖面和安徽平顶山西剖面晚二叠世末期硅泥质岩相地层中产出的介形类化石进行了系统分类学研究,共鉴定介形类化石30属86种,其中包括1个新属Denticupachydomella Yuan gen.nov.和2个新种Pseudobythocypris guiqianensis Yuan sp.nov.和Denticupachydomella spinosa Yuan sp.nov..该动物群主要由薄壳和个体较小的介形类组成,呈现出以古生代分子为主,同时含有少量典型中生代先驱分子(如:Abrobairdia,Lobobairdia)的混合动物群面貌.通过这些剖面之间的对比以及与前人研究资料对比,发现各剖面产出的介形类动物群具有强烈的地方性,三个剖面之间无相同分子,亦仅有20种曾报道于欧洲和东南亚等地区晚石炭世-晚二叠世地层.     

贵州紫云晒瓦群中放射虫Neoalbaillella动物群的发现

首次报道贵州紫云晚二叠世晒瓦群顶部硅质岩中Neoalbaillella动物群,计12种,5未定种,归属于12属9科4超科2亚目,其中1新属（Spongosphaeradiscus gen.nov.）,2新种（Spongosphaeradiscus chaiwaensis sp.nov.和Copicyntra shaiwaensis sp.nov.）。根据这个动物群建立Neoalbaillella ornithoformis-Spongosphaeradiscus shaiwaen-sis带,与东亚和美国西海岸长兴期的Neoalbaillella ornithoformis带对比。     

中国东北晚侏罗世蜻蜒化石三新属三新种(差翅亚目:蜓科,箭蜓科,伪蜻科)(英文)

本文描述蜻蜒化石3新属,3新种:Rudiaeschna limnobia gen. et sp. nov. (Aeshnidae)、Liogomphus yixianensis gen. et sp. nov. (Gomphidae)、Mesocordulia boreala gen. et sp. nov. (Corduliidae)。所有模式标本均采自辽宁北票晚侏罗世地层中,现保存在中国地质博物馆。     

浙江和江西二叠/三叠系界线层上下的辐鳍鱼类化石与鱼类的绝灭、复苏和辐射

记述了浙江长兴县煤山剖面、江西修水县四都乡东岭剖面和信丰县铁石口镇铁石口剖面二叠/三叠系界线层上下的辐鳍鱼类6个类别的微体化石,包含2新属2新种,它们是:赵氏浙江鱼(Zhejiangichthys zhaoi gen.et sp.nov.)和小齿葆青鱼(Baoqingichthys microdontus gen.et sp.nov.)。这是包括全球二叠/三叠系界线层型剖面和点位(GSSP)在内的全球二叠/三叠系界线层上下辐鳍鱼类微体化石序列的首次报道。在总结煤山剖面已记述的鱼类大化石和微体化石资料的基础上,分析了长兴煤山剖面二叠纪末鱼类的集群绝灭。绝灭发生得很晚,持续的时间很短,规模也很大,绝灭率高达93%。讨论了华南二叠/三叠系之交大绝灭后鱼类的复苏和辐射,认为鱼类和牙形类一样都是大绝灭后在三叠纪最早复苏的类别,最早复苏的鱼类为裂齿鱼类;鱼类从绝灭期到辐射期仅用了1.3 Ma到4 Ma,从地质时间考虑,大绝灭后鱼类的复苏和辐射是相当快的。华南早三叠世以裂齿鱼类的张氏鱼(Zhangina)和软骨鱼类的弓鲛(Hybodus)为代表的组合替代了晚二叠世以古鳕类的中华扁体鱼(sinoplatysomys)和软骨鱼类的中华尖齿鲨(Sinacrodus)为代表的组合。华南晚二叠世海相地层产出的辐鳍鱼类和软骨鱼类的一些土著属与产于特提斯区三叠纪的一些属非常相近,表明华南下扬子区很可能是后来繁盛于特提斯区的三叠纪鱼类的发源地。     

广西合山晚二叠世腕足类的两个新属

广西来宾县合山马滩,上二叠统合山组剖面完整,腕足类化石丰富。经酸蚀处理后,常可获得十分完美的硅化标本。本文描述的新属Schizopleuronia gen nov.和Matanoleptodus gen.nov.,均产于合山组中部厚约15米的薄层硅质灰岩。这套硅质灰岩,除含近20种腕足类(如Tyloplecta yangtzeensis,Haydenella kiangsi-     

广西合山晚二叠世腕足类的两个新属

广西来宾县合山马滩,上二叠统合山组剖面完整,腕足类化石丰富.经酸蚀处理后,常可获得十分完美的硅化标本.本文描述的新属 Schizopleuronia gen nov. 和 Matanoleptodus gen. nov., 均产于合山组中部厚约15米的薄层硅质灰岩.这套硅质灰岩,除含近20种腕足类     

关于我国晚出同名三叶虫属及其替代名

回顾近年来所发现的与我国三叶虫有关的11个晚出同名属及其替代名的研究现状,详细报导最近新发现的37个晚出同名三叶虫属中的13个属及其替代名。这些属涉及到寒武纪,奧陶纪,志留纪和泥盆纪的三叶虫。此外,河南龙Honania Young,1979(模式种H.complicidentata Young,1979)是产于河南济源晚二叠世爬行类锯齿龙科的一个属,由于晚于三叶虫河南虫HonaniaLee in Luet al.,1963(模式种H.lata Lee in Luet al.,1963)所建,成为无效属名,建议将河南龙的属名更名为钟键龙(新属)Zhongjiania gen.nov.。     

浙江和江西二叠/三叠系界线以下的软骨鱼类微体化石——华南二叠/三叠系界线上下鱼类序列研究之五

记述了浙江长兴县煤山剖面、江西修水县四都乡东岭剖面和信丰县铁石口镇铁石口剖面二叠/三叠系界线以下的软骨鱼类10个类别的微体化石,包含5科6属5种,其中有3新属5新种,它们是:刘氏煤山鲨(Meishanselache liuigen.et sp.nov.)、王氏长兴鲨(Changxingsela-che wangigen.et sp.nov.)、东岭中华尖齿鲨(Sinacrodus donglingensis gen.et sp.nov.)、修水滑齿鲨(Lissodus xiushuiensis sp.nov.)和江西多尖齿鲨(Polyacrodus jiangxiensis sp.nov.)。浙、赣两省的这批软骨鱼类微体化石显示两个特点:组成以弓鲛超科化石为主;发现于特提斯区三叠纪的鲨类与发现于中国南方晚二叠世的鲨类具有密切的亲缘关系。这是包含全球二叠/三叠系界线层型剖面和点位(GSSP)在内的全球二叠/三叠系界线以下软骨鱼类微体化石序列的首次报道。软骨鱼类是我国鱼类化石研究中最为薄弱的一个环节,本文化石的记述大大地填补了这个薄弱环节。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.