大戟科现代植物花粉形态

对大戟科21属33种植物的现代花粉形态进行了系统的形态学研究。选取的33种大戟科植物基本涵盖了该科绝大部分花粉形态类型。根据花粉的大小、形状、外壁表面纹饰, 结合大戟科亚科分类, 对该科花粉形态特征进行详细对比和分析。结果表明, 每个亚科都有其独特的花粉形态, 各亚科可以根据花粉形态来鉴别。此外, 大戟科多个属(如野桐属、山麻杆属、叶下珠属等)的植物花粉形态特征较明显, 可以鉴定到属甚至种一级水平。研究结果不仅为大戟科花粉形态分类学提供了依据, 同时为地层孢粉分析中花粉的鉴定提供参考。     

百合属中的四合花粉兼论玫红百合的分类问题

根据我们对国产百合属(Lilium)引种植物花粉形态的观察,已知该属有二个分类群具四合花粉, 本文依据花粉形态、外部形态及地理分布的特点,对其分类问题进行了讨论。     

侧金盏花属（Adonis L.）植物花粉形态研究

本文利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对国产9种1变种及外国产8种侧金盏花属植物的花粉形态进行了研究,认为该属的花粉可以划分为2个大类型,这与根据外部形态分类划分的两个组是吻合的。另外根据本届花粉形态的变异,又将其中的1个大类型划分为4个亚类型。为进一步讨论该属的系统关系提供依据。 侧金盏花属植物是隶属于毛莨科毛莨族中的一个小属,约有30余种,分布于欧、亚大陆。我国有10种、1变种和2变型,分布于西南、西北、东北和山西等省区。本属植物的花粉形态过去在文献上曾有一些记载,如R.P.Wodhouse(1936)对本属的夏侧金盏花A.aestivalis)和A.vernalis进行了研究。《中国植物花粉形态》(1960)一书仅借助于光学显微镜描述了侧金盏花(A.amurensis)的花粉形态。T.Santisuk(1979)对本属12种(其中有4种产中国)的花粉形态进行了观察研究。但是,以上学者只是对本属植物的花粉形态作了轮廓性和描述和简单的讨论。他们报道该属的花粉为椭圆形或球形,具三沟、沟长而狭,轮廓不显著,沟膜具颗粒状雕纹;外壁分二层,外层厚,表面具刺状雕纹等。本文对国产的9种1变种以及外国的8种花粉形态分别利用了光学显微镜和扫描电镜进行了观察研究。     

山东菊科莴苣亚族植物花粉形态研究

应用光镜和扫描电镜对山东菊科莴苣亚族11属18种、1变种植物的花粉形态进行了观察研究。结果表明:莴苣亚族植物的花粉呈球形,具3~4沟孔,花粉表面具有网状纹饰,粗网眼15~21个,网脊上具1行刺,属于蒲公英(Taraxacum)型,与已报道的莴苣亚族其它属种的花粉形态相一致。通过莴苣亚族属间花粉形态的比较,认为花粉形态在属间分类上意义不大。     

珍珠菜属八种植物的花粉形态研究

利用扫描电子显微镜,首次对珍珠菜属(LysimachiaL.)8种植物的花粉形态进行了观察研究,报道了花粉形态特征,探讨了花粉形态特征在分类学上的意义。结果表明:该属花粉粒大小和外壁雕纹可作为分种的依据。     

中国柽柳科植物花粉形态特征聚类分析

在观察了中国柽柳科(Tamaricaceae)4属27种植物花粉形态的基础上,对其进行了聚类分析。观察结果表明:该科植物花粉为三沟类型,无三拟孔沟类型,形态及外壁雕纹属间差异明显。花粉特征聚类分析结果表明,中国柽柳科植物花粉大致划分为明显的三组,所包含的种(某些种除外)分别隶属于柽柳科的4属:琵琶柴属(ReaumuriaLinn.)、水柏枝属(MyricariaDesv.)、山柽柳属(MyrtamaOvcz&Kinz.)和柽柳属(TamarixLinn.),而有争议的山柽柳属虽同柽柳属聚在一起,但也较早地分出成为独立的一支,结合种子形态及分子生物学证据,支持将秀丽山柽柳从水柏枝属中分出而另立新属,为传统分类学将该科划分为4属提供了依据。聚类分析进一步将水柏枝属植物花粉和柽柳属植物花粉分别分为2种类型,而琵琶柴属植物花粉类除个别种体积存在差异外,其纹饰类型较为单一,仅划分为1种类型。柽柳属植物花粉聚类分析结果与该属植物花盘类型的划分结果基本一致,融生花盘类型植物的花粉则在两组中均有出现,可能是间生花盘和假顶生花盘类型间的过渡类型。     

若干悬钩子属植物的花粉形态研究

蔷微科悬钩子属１０种植物的花粉形态进行了扫描电镜观察,描述了花粉形态的特征,探讨了植物花粉形态特征与外部形态特征的关系。     

娃儿藤属(萝藦科)植物花粉器形态

用光镜对我国萝藦科(Asclepiadaceae)娃儿藤属(Tylophora)17种植物的花粉器形态进行了观察。结果表明,着粉腺的形态有4种类型:长圆形、近方形、三角形和倒立三角形。花粉块的形态有3种类型:球形、长球形和超长球形。花粉块柄的长度、着粉腺和花粉块的形态和大小在种间存在较显著的差异,可作为区分种的辅助特征,对娃儿藤属植物的分类有较大意义。     

湖北省泽泻科、水鳖科、眼子菜科及茨藻科植物花粉形态研究

本文利用光镜及扫描电镜对湖北省泽泻科、水鳖科、眼子菜科及茨藻科11属29种1变种1变型植物(另加采于湛江的软骨草)的花粉形态进行了研究,发现泽泻科植物花粉具多个圆形萌发孔,外壁表面为小刺状纹饰;茨藻科植物花粉具远极单槽,表面为绉波状纹饰;眼子菜科及本文研究的水鳖科植物花粉均无萌发孔,分别具网状和小刺状饰纹饰。1.茨藻科植物花粉最原始,泽泻科花粉较进化,眼子菜科花粉较水鳖科花粉进化;2.泽泻属与泽苔草属花粉较慈姑属花粉原始;3.鞘叶眼子菜亚屈花粉较眼子菜亚属的花粉处于更高演化阶段;4.多孔茨藻花粉在该科中最原始。本文工作尚对易变形水生植物花粉形态研究方法进行了尝试。     

中国钩藤属9种植物的花粉形态

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对中国钩藤属(Uncaria Schreb)9种植物的花粉形态进行了观察.结果表明,钩藤属植物的花粉为单粒,小型,辐射对称,赤道面观圆球形至近长球形,极面观3-裂圆形,具3孔沟,萌发沟裂缝状,长达两极.萌发沟中央有"内壁加厚突出"结构.外壁具条纹至细网纹饰,表面光滑无附属物.钩藤属花粉大小、形状、萌发沟和纹饰类型都较接近,属于单一型花粉.钩藤属植物的花粉形态特征是茜草科(Rubiaceae)中较为原始的类型.     

中国石蒜属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国石蒜属ＬｙｃｏｒｉｓＨｅｒｂ．１１种植物花粉形态进行系统地研究,并对其中６种具有代表性植物花粉进行了透射电镜观察。该属植物花粉舟形或肾形;萌发孔为远极单槽;在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察,外壁具网状纹饰;在透射电镜下观察,外壁包括外壁－１和外壁－２两层,外壁－１是由半覆盖层、柱状层和基层组成,外壁－２很薄。根据花粉形态及其他器官特征,对本属植物分类地位也进行了一些讨论。     

Studies On the Pollen Morphology of the Genus Iris in China

In this paper, pollen grains of 32 species of the genus Iris in China were examined under light microscope and scanning elrctron microscope. Pollen grains in Iris of China are navicular or subspheroidal. According to the characters of aperture and shape, pollen grains may be divided into four types: (1) Monocolpate (distal): pollen grains navicular or subspheroidal, exine reticulate. (2) Monocolpate-colpoidal: pollen grains subspheroidal, exine pilate. (3) 2-syncolpate: polen grains subspheroidal or navicular, exine reticulate. (4) No aperture: pollen grains subspheroidal; exine verrucate. The evolutional trends of aperture and exine ornamentation are traced and systematic po-sitions of some species are discussed based on characteristics of pollen grains and other organs.     

国产爵床科芦莉花族植物的花粉形态

报道了国产爵床科Acanthaceae芦莉花族Ruellieae芦莉花亚族Ruelliinae 2属7种、假杜鹃亚族Barlerinae 1属3种和马蓝亚族Strobilanthinae 16属34种植物扫描电镜下的花粉形态.芦莉花亚族的地皮消属Pararuellia和喜花草属Eranthemum的花粉均为圆球形,具3孔或3孔沟,外壁为不同的网状结构; 假杜鹃亚族的假杜鹃属Barleria的花粉为长球形,具3孔沟,外壁亦为网状结构;马蓝亚族植物(包含广义的马蓝属Strobilanthes s.l.)花粉形态多样,结构复杂.依据花粉萌发孔和外壁纹饰特征,可将马蓝亚族16属植物和上述两亚族3属植物的花粉形态归纳成3大类型: 1. 具3孔类型.其中又有(1)外壁具网状纹饰者,见于地皮消属; (2)外壁具芽胞状纹饰者,见于黄猄草属Championella; (3)外壁具刺状(棒状)纹饰者,见于南一笼鸡属Paragutzlaffia、叉花草属Diflugossa和假蓝属Pteroptychia.2. 具3孔沟及具3孔沟与假沟类型(肋条带型).其中又有(1)具3孔沟和网状纹饰者,见于喜花草属和假杜鹃属; (2)具刺状(棒状)纹饰者,见于南一笼鸡属、叉花草属和假蓝属; (3)具3孔沟与假沟,外壁纹饰具节隔、肋条带状或网状,网眼纵向排列成行,网眼内有细网纹者,见于耳叶马蓝属Perilepta、马蓝属Pteracanthus(大部分)、金足草属Goldfussia、紫云菜属Strobilanthes(部分)和合页草属Sympagis; (4)具3孔沟与假沟类型,肋条带状,但不具节隔,外壁纹饰网状,网眼不成行或不明显纵向排列,网内无细网纹者,见于尖蕊花属Aechmanthera、板蓝属Baphicacanthus、马蓝属(部分)和糯米香属Semnostachya; (5)具双脊及细网状纹饰者,见于环毛紫云菜Strobilanthes cycla.3. 具(4-)5孔沟及假沟类型(肋条带型),外壁具网状或拟网状纹饰,见于腺背蓝属Adenacanthus.另外兰嵌马蓝属Parachampionella、山一笼鸡属Gutzlaffia和肖笼鸡属Tarphochlamys的花粉有无萌发孔尚不清楚,有待进一步研究.综上所述,芦莉花族植物的花粉形态具有较高的多样性,是重要的分类性状.利用花粉形态特征能较好地区分高级分类群如亚科、族以及亚族,有时也有助于阐明类群之间的相互关系,甚至也能用于区分属、种和阐明其关系.     

国产爵床科鳞花草族1属、穿心莲族2属和爵床族8属植物的花粉形态

报道了中国爵床科Acanthaceae爵床亚科Ruellioideae鳞花草族Lepidagathideae 1属、穿心莲族Andrographideae 2属和爵床族Justicieae 8属共14种植物的花粉形态。根据花粉萌发孔类型和外壁纹饰特征,可将这些植物的花粉归为4个类型: (1)具3孔沟,外壁具网状纹饰。该类型见于色萼花属Chroesthes (采自广西样品)和穿心莲属Andrographis植物。(2)具3孔沟及假沟(肋条带型)类型,外壁具网状纹饰,网眼纵向排列成行,网眼内有细网纹。该类型见于色萼花属(采自云南样品)和鳔冠花属Cystacanthus。(3)具3孔沟,沟两侧各有1条假沟,外壁具网状纹饰。该类型见于瑞丽山壳骨Pseuderanthemum shweliense、狗肝菜属Dicliptera和驳骨草属Gendarussa植物。(4)具2孔沟,沟两侧具斑块。该类型见于山壳骨属Pseuderanthemum 1种、纤穗爵床属Leptostachya、鳄嘴花属Clinacanthus、鸭嘴花属Adhatoda、杜根藤属Calophanoides和野靛棵属Mananthes植物。     

Pollen Morphology of Chinese Datura and Its Taxonomic Significance

The pollen grains of 11 taxa of Chinese Datura were examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. All of them are 3(-4)-colporate. The exine ornamentation is so distinct as to allow the identification of individual sections and species, and may be divided into three types. The division is consistent with the taxonomy based on gross morphology i.e. rugulato-reticulate (Sect. Stramonium); striate or striato-reticulate, with some granules on the surface of the lirae, or scabrous (Sect. Dutra); striate with some rings on the surface of the lirae, looking like silkworm (Sect. Brugmansia). The varieties or cultivated forms are not sufficiently distinct from each other in the pollen grains as observed in this investigation.     

Pollen morphology of the tribe Ruellieae (Acanthaceae) from

Pollen morphology of seven species in two genera in the Ruelliinae, three species in one genus in the Barlerinae and 34 species in 16 genera in the Strobilanthinae (Ruellieae, Acanthaceae), were observed under SEM. Pollen grains in Ruellieae, particularly in Strobilanthinae (including Strobilanthes s.l.) exhibit great diversity and are most eurypalynous in the family. In light of the aperture types and exine ornamentation patterns, pollen grains of the genera examined fall into three major types: 1. 3-porate pollen, which includes, (1) pollen with reticulate exine ornamentation (Pararuellia); (2) pollen with gemmate exine ornamentation (Championella); (3) pollen with echinate exine ornamentation (Paragutzlaffia, Diflugossa and Pteroptychia). 2. 3-colporate pollen or 3-colporate pollen with pseudocolpi, which includes, (1) 3-colporate pollen with reticulate exine ornamentation (Eranthemum and Barleria); (2) 3-colporate pollen with pseudocolpi and ribbed or banded, and septate exine ornamentation, the lumina rounded, finely reticulate inside and arranged in longitudinal rows (Perilepta, Pteracanthus, Goldfussia, Sympagis and some species of Strobilanthes); (3) 3-colporate pollen with ribbed or banded yet not septate exine ornamentation, the lumina neither distinctly rounded and finely reticulate inside, nor conspicuously arranged in longitudinal rows (Aechmanthera, Baphicacanthus, Semnostachya and some species of Pteracanthus); and (4) 3-colporate pollen with ribbed and finely reticulate exine ornamentation but with broader bands, each band with two ridges (Strobilanthes cycla). 3. (4-)5-colporate pollen with pseudocolpi and reticulate or ornate exine ornamentation (Adenacanthus). No distinct apertures were observed in three genera, Parachampionella, Gutzlaffia and Tarphochlamys. Pollen morphological characters in the Acanthaceae can be used not only to distinguish taxa of higher ranks (subfamily, tribe and subtribe) and elucidate their relationships, but sometimes can also be used to distinguish genera and species.     

栝楼属花粉形态研究及其在分类学上的意义

本文收集了国内外栝楼属Trichosanthes 31种1变种,在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,进行了花粉粒形态的比较观察。该属花粉粒为3孔沟型,外壁表面纹饰可分为四个类型,即：疣状或皱波状(小苞组),粗网状(大苞组),细网状或光滑(叶苞组),近光滑或皱波状(王瓜组)。这四个类型的划分与植物形态分类基本一致,可作为分组及分种的依据之一。花粉特征支持将叶苞组分为叶苞亚组和柔毛亚组,如叶苞亚组有明显的沟,而柔毛亚组没有。     

中国菟丝子属植物花粉的扫描电镜观察

本文作者用扫描电镜(SEM)对国产菟丝子属(Cuscuta L.)10种植物的花粉形态进行了观察。具3沟萌发孔的花粉为本属基本类型。根据萌发孔的数目,外壁纹饰等特征,该属花粉可划分为三个类型:(1)具3沟,外壁具穿孔,表面散生小刺状突起;(2)具3—5沟,外壁具网状纹饰,网脊上散生小刺状突起;(3)具3—6沟,外壁具小刺状突起,穿孔偶见。本文观察结果与刘炳仑等曾报道过光学显微镜(LM)下的结果不完全一致。最后,对菟丝子属的花粉形态的演化趋势以及属内亚属间关系进行了讨论。     

凤仙花属（Impatiens L.）10种植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了10种凤仙花属（Impatiens L.）植物的花粉形态。结果表明：本属花粉为单粒花粉,呈长圆形至长矩圆形,大小为20.3～46.7 μm,具角萌发孔,网状纹饰,网眼明显;根据花粉网状纹饰中网眼内是否具颗粒状突起可将其分为2类：（1）网眼内无或近无颗粒状突起,黄金凤（I. siculifer）和婺源凤仙花（I. wuyuanensis）的花粉纹饰属于这一类型;（2）网眼内有明显颗粒状突起,其余8个种的花粉纹饰均属于该类型。研究表明,花粉特征,特别是花粉粒网状纹饰中网眼内有无颗粒状突起及颗粒状突起的形态等特征,在凤仙花属内常具种水平上的可见变异,因而可作为种类划分的依据,它们在分类学上的价值应予以关注。     

Pollen Morphology of Parnassia L. （Parnassiaceae） and Its Systematic Implications

The pollen morphology of 28 species of Parnassia L. was investigated with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of pollen grains in this genus varies from subspheroidal to prolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in the polar view. Pollen grains are usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, tricolporate or syntricolporate, with reticulate sculpture. The pollen characteristics among species are fairly similar to each other. Morphological information regarding the pollen grains shows that Parnassia is a natural genus. Based on exine ornamentation observed under SEM, three types of pollen grains were recognized: (i) type I, with foveolate-reticulate sculpture; (ii) type II, with a finely reticulate sculpture; and (iii) type III, with a coarsely reticulate sculpture. Most sections of this genus have one type of sculpture of pollen morphology, but Sect. Nectarotrilobos has three types of sculpture and Sect.Saxifragastrum has two types of sculpture. All three types of sculpture can be found in Southwest China,with species with the longest (Parnassia delavayi Franch.) and shortest (Parnassiafaberi Oliv.) colpi,implying that Southwest China is the center of diversification of the genus.