我国曼陀罗属的花粉形态及其在分类上的意义

本文收集了国内曼陀罗属(Datura L.) 11个不同的生态型,在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,进行了花粉粒形态的比较观察。该属花粉粒均为球形或稍扁,具3孔沟型。花粉粒外壁表面的纹饰可作为分属、分组、分种的依据之一。可分为三个类型,与植物形态分类基本一 致,即：具皱波-细网状纹饰(曼陀罗组); 具网状条纹或条纹,条脊表面有细颗粒或粗糙(洋金花组); 具条纹,条脊表面有蚕体状环纹及细颗粒(木本曼陀罗组)。种以下的变种或栽培变种,花粉粒的形态特征不足以作为分类的依据。     

12种十字花科植物花粉形态研究

采用扫描电子显微镜对十字花科8属12种植物的花粉形态特征进行了观察分析.其中8种为首次报道.观察结果表明:4族8属12种十字花科植物花粉形态的一般特征为:花粉粒长球形至超长球形;极面观三裂圆形,少数四裂圆形;外壁纹饰为网状或细网状纹饰;三沟,偶四沟.12种植物的花粉可划分为5种类型:(1)花粉粒长球形,网状纹饰,三沟;(2)花粉粒超长球形,网状纹饰,三沟;(3)花粉粒长球形,细网状纹饰,三沟;(4)花粉粒超长球形,细网状纹饰,三沟;(5)花粉粒长球形,三或四沟,网状纹饰.十字花科花粉形态特征在不同族间、不同属间以及同属不同种间均没有明显规律,在十字花科分类过程中,不宜单独以花粉形态特征作为依据.     

中国蓼科萹蓄属植物花粉形态及其分类意义

利用扫描电镜研究了中国萹蓄属(Polygonum) 13种、1变种、1变型植物的花粉形态.结果表明,中国萹蓄属植物的花粉粒为长球形或超长球形,具三孔沟,外壁纹饰可分为4种类型(1)花粉粒表面具细网状纹饰;(2)花粉粒表面具颗粒纹饰;(3)花粉粒表面仅两端具颗粒纹饰,其余部分光滑;(4)花粉粒表面仅沟间区两端肩部光滑,其余部分具颗粒纹饰.根据花粉形态类型,结合该属植物的习性、叶柄基部及花柄上关节的有无、花柱和柱头的数目以及瘦果形态等特征,参照前人的研究处理意见,将中国萹蓄属植物划分为4个组,即小灌木组section Fruticulosae (Boiss.) F.Z.Li et Y.T.Hou,stat.& comb.nov.、萹蓄组section Polygonum、丝茎萹蓄组section Pseudomollia Boiss.和铁马鞭组section Plebeia Tzvel..     

中国紫金牛属圆齿组花粉形态研究及其分类学意义

利用扫描电子显微镜对紫金牛属圆齿组20种1变种植物的花粉形态进行了研究,并比较分析了腋序组2种及锯齿组1种的花粉。经观察花粉为近球形或近扁球形,具3孔沟,除锯齿组的月月红外,其余种均形成合沟。外壁纹饰可分为四类:穴网状、细网状、皱波状及细颗粒状(带刺突)。结果显示,花粉形态特征可作为属下分组及组下分类处理的依据。     

山茶科花粉超微结构及其系统学意义

借助光学显微镜,扫描电镜及透射电镜对分布于亚洲,北美洲及中南美洲山茶科１７属约５０种植物的花粉进行了系统的观察研究。本科花粉为３孔沟或３孔沟,近扁球至近球形,少数近长球形。大小从１３￣５０μｍ×５５．３μｍ。表面纹饰可分为皱波状,颗粒状,疣状,钝刺状,网状,穴网状及近乎光滑等类型。在皱波状纹饰中,其皱脊的组成分子可分为颗粒,念珠状结构。外臂为具复盖－柱状层结构,复盖层－穿孔或不穿孔。其复盖层、柱状     

中国蓼科篇蓄属植物花粉形态及其分类意义

利用扫描电镜研究了中国蔚蓄属（Polygonum）13种、1变种、1变型植物的花粉形态。结果表明,中国蔚蓄属植物的花粉粒为长球形或超长球形,具三孔沟,外壁纹饰可分为4种类型：（1）花粉粒表面具细网状纹饰;（2）花粉粒表面具颗粒纹饰;（3）花粉粒表面仅两端具颗粒纹饰,其余部分光滑;（4）花粉粒表面仅沟间区两端肩部光滑,其余部分具颗粒纹饰。根据花粉形态类型,结合该属植物的习性、叶柄基部及花柄上关节的有无、花柱和柱头的数目以及瘦果形态等特征,参照前人的研究处理意见,将中国蔚蓄属植物划分为4个组,即小灌木组section Fruticulosae（Boiss．）F．Z．Liet Y．T．Hou,stat．＆comb．nov．篇蓄组section Polygonum、丝茎蔚蓄组section Pseudomollia Boiss．和铁马鞭组section Plebeia Tzvel．。     

中国紫葳科花粉形态的研究

对紫葳科18属27种花粉进行了光镜和扫描电镜的观察,其中有些种是第一次观察或报道。紫葳科花粉明显地属多型花粉,萌发孔类型和纹饰特征多种多样。萌发孔基本上可分为3（－4）沟,3（－4）孔沟,3孔,多沟及散沟等类型;纹饰则可分为皱波状饰,穴状纹饰,穴－网状纹饰,网状纹饰,刺状纹饰以及表面光滑等。值得注意的是在菜豆树属Rademoachera Zoll.et Moritzi中,菜豆树R．sinica和滇菜豆树R.yunnanensis虽为同一个属,但其萌发孔类型和纹饰特征截然不同,菜豆树花粉为3孔,具网状纹饰;而滇菜豆树花粉为3孔沟,具穴状纹饰。就花粉形态学而言,紫葳科也许是多元发生的。     

山西霍山罂粟科植物花粉形态

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对山西霍山罂粟科白屈菜属白屈菜、紫堇属延胡索、角茴香属角茴香、秃疮花属秃疮花 4种的花粉形态进行了观察和比较研究 ,以上 4种花粉差异大。角茴香花粉粒近球形 ,具合沟 ;延胡索花粉粒长球形 ,表面纹饰较光滑 ;白屈菜花粉粒长球形或近球形 ;秃疮花花粉粒近球形。角茴香花粉表面纹饰为刺状纹和细网状纹的复合纹 ,白屈菜花粉表面纹饰为细网状纹和颗粒状纹的复合纹 ,秃疮花花粉表面纹饰为细颗粒状纹。延胡索、白屈菜、秃疮花花粉粒的萌发沟均为三沟 ,但沟的形态均不相同     

国产爵床科山牵牛属6种、叉柱花属和老鼠簕属各1种植物的花粉形态

报道了国产爵床科Acanthaceae山牵牛属Thunbergia(山牵牛亚科Thunbergioideae)6种、叉柱花属Staurogyne(瘤子草亚科Nelsonioideae)和老鼠簕属Acanthus(老鼠簕亚科Acanthoideae)各1种植物在扫描电镜下的花粉形态。山牵牛属植物的花粉粒为圆球形,均具螺旋状萌发孔,外壁纹饰以光滑或颗粒状为主,偶具棒状突起。具螺旋状萌发孔被认为是该科独特而较原始的花粉特征。叉柱花属的花粉粒为圆球形,具3孔沟,外壁平滑。老鼠簕属的花粉粒为长球形,具3沟,外壁具细网状纹饰或具小穿孔。花粉形态特征支持传统上将上述3属置于3个不同亚科的处理。     

槭树科花粉形态及其系统学意义

报道了槭树科(Aceraceae)槭属21组33种和金钱槭属2种植物的花粉形态。本科花粉近球形至长球形,极面观为三裂圆形。从花粉萌发孔类型看,金钱槭属Dipteronia具三孔沟,槭属（Acer)除4组具三孔沟外,其余均为三沟。从花粉外壁纹饰看,金钱槭属2个种和槭属的大多数种为条纹状,罕为细条纹－拟网状和皱波状。通过花粉形态分析,并结合其它方向的证据,我们认为：（1）Sect.Palmata,Sect.Spicata和Sect.Microcarpa可能是槭属中与金钱槭属关系最密切的类群;（2）A.distalum和A.nipponicum代表了近缘的两个单种组;（3）A.pseudoplatanus不同于Sect.Acer的其它4个种而与A.saccharum可能存在更为密切的关系;（4）Sect.Carpinifolia(细条纹－拟网状外壁纹饰）和Sect.Negundo(皱波状外壁纹饰）则可能代表了槭属中最特化的类群;（5）按槭树科花粉三孔沟到三沟的演化规律,Dipteronia较Acer原始。     

蓼科花粉外壁超微结构的研究

用扫描电镜和透射电镜对蓼科6属15种的花粉壁构造的特点进行了观察和研究。结果表明：(1)外壁纹饰有如下几种：颗粒-穿孔,微刺-穿孔,微刺-穿孔-光滑,颗粒-穿孔-光滑,细网状,粗网状,皱块状,鼓锤状;(2)外壁结构分化成两个明显的层次,即外壁外层以及外壁内层。其外壁外层由覆盖层、柱状层和基层组成。然而,由于每一部分发育状况的不同而导致外壁结构有各种变化,如无覆盖层或无外壁内层。     

山茶属花粉外壁表面微形态特征的研究

在前人研究的基础上,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了山茶属17个组34个代表种（含变种）的花粉形态;按照韦仲新划分山茶属花粉类型的标准,对其进行归类,所有花粉分为3类：颗粒状至皱颗粒状纹饰、皱沟状纹饰和穴－网状纹饰;发现1种新的花粉类型：拟穴－网状纹饰。本文还对山茶属的某些分类学问题作了初步探讨。     

栝楼属种皮的扫描电镜观察及其分类学意义

栝楼属３１种和３变种皮的扫描电镜观察和比较显示了种皮表面特征的高度多样性,它们可分为长方网型,波浪型,蜂窝型和不规则型等,这些类型的划分能为方子组,柔毛亚组的建立及一些种的归属提供依据。     

湖北产八角莲属植物花粉形态研究

应用光学显微镜和电子扫描显微镜,对湖北产八角莲属４种植物八角莲、六角莲、小八角莲和乌云伞的花粉作了比较观察,找出了它们的鉴别特征,为该属的进一步研究提供依据。     

Pollen morphology of Hosta Tratt. in China and its taxonomic significance

In this study, pollen morphology of 11 taxa of Hosta in China, three Chinese species, five introduced species, and three cultivars, was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared with that of related genera (Hemerocallis, Agave, and Yucca). Pollen grains of Hosta were long-ellipsoidal or ellipsoidal, 20?C65?×?52.5?C142.5???m in size, bilaterally symmetrical, and monosulcate on the distal face. Reticulate and rugulate exine ornamentation was observed in different taxa, and the rugulate type can be further divided into rugulate, rugulate?Cbaculate, and rugulate?Cgranulate subtypes. The exine ornamentation may have evolved in the order: reticulate????rugulate????rugulate?Cbaculate????rugulate?Cgranulate. Furthermore, the rugulate exine ornamentation was the predominant ornamental type in Hosta except for one species with the reticulate type; this is markedly different from that of Hemerocallis, Agave and Yucca. Thus, our data support the proposal by Dahlgren and Clifford (The Monocotyledons: a comparative study. Academic Press, London, 1982) that these Hosta species constitute an independent family?CHostaceae.     

山东藨草属(广义)植物果皮微形态特征及其分类学意义

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对山东产藤草属Scirpus L.(广义)11个类群的坚果果皮微形态进行了观察和研究,该属11种的微形态可以分为4个类型,即:Ⅰ波形网状纹饰,Ⅱ网瘤状复合纹饰,Ⅲ平滑型纹饰,Ⅳ横长网状纹饰.研究结果支持将藤草属Scirpus L.(广义)中藨草亚属Subgen.Scirpus的具球茎藨草组Sect.Bolboschoenus Ascheron、藨草组Sect.Scirpus和丝状刚毛藤草组Sect.Trichophorum (Pers.) Darl.分别提升为三棱草属Bolboschoenus( Ascheron) Palla和蔗草属Scirpus L.以及将藤草属Scirpus L.(广义)中秆苞蔗草亚属Subgen.lsolepis的湖边藨草组Sect.Schoenoplectus Reichb.和藨草组Sect.Actaeogeton Reichb提升为水葱属Schoenoplectus( Rchb.)Palla的处理意见.认为应在水葱属下设立湖边水葱组Sect.Schoenoplectus ( Reichb.)F.Z.Li & L.N Liu,藨草组Sect.Actaeogeton( Reichb.)F.Z Li & L.N.Liu,剑苞藤草组Sect.Ehrenbergii F.Z.Li & L.N.Liu.支持将青岛藤草Scirpus trisetosus Tang et Wang作为藤草Scirpus triqueter L.异名处理的意见.并对山东藨草属种类的学名进行了订证.     

伞菌孢子的扫描电镜研究*

本文研究了8科35种伞菌孢子在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下的孢壁纹饰,提出伞菌孢子纹饰的一些基本类型,井澄清在光学显微镜下曾被误解的某些种类的孢子纹饰。     

伞菌孢子的扫描电镜研究

本文研究了8科35种伞菌孢子在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下的孢壁纹饰,提出伞菌孢子纹饰的一些基本类型,井澄清在光学显微镜下曾被误解的某些种类的孢子纹饰。     

Seed Morphology of Plantago in China and Its Taxonomic Significance

Studied in this work was seed morphology of the genus Plantago (2 subgenera, 8 sections, 17 species and １ variety )in China. The sculpture was observed under scanning election microscope. Four forms of seed morphology are recognized as follows: (1)Multi-angular type: seeds are variously angulate, yellow-brown or black, 6-30 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture ranges from reticulate to papillate. It occurs in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Polyneuron: P. scheideri, P. denstflorus, P. major, P. hostifolia, P. asiatica, P. erosa and P. centralis. (2) Navicular type: seeds are navicular, yellow, brown to black, 2 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture is reticulate. It was found in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Novorbis: P. virginica; Sect. Arnoglossum: P. lanceolata; Sect. Leucopsyllium: P. minuta, P. lessingii and P. aristata and Subgen. Psyllium Sect. Psyllium: P. indica. (3)Ovoid type: seeds are long-ovoid, yellow-brown, black and lustrous. Seed-coat sculpture scali-ratiform. P. maxima in Subgen. Plantago Sect. Lamprosantha belongs to this type. (4)Recti-circular type: seeds are recti-circular, yellow-brown, black, 1-2 or 4-5 in a fruit; seed-coat sculpture is reticulate and papillate. It was found in P. maritima var. salsa of Subgen. Plantago Sect. Coronopus and P. depressa, P. camtschatica and P. arachnoidea of Sect. Mesembrynia. The seed morphology and seed-coat sculture exhibit specific characters, by which some of confused species can be clarified and a new species, P. densiflorus J. Z. Liu. is established. The present author’s seed morphology classification is in accordance with Pilger’s systemof the genus, which was established using other features.     

Notulae De Ranunculaceis Sinensibus(ⅩⅩⅡ)

(1) In the overwhelming majority of genera of the family Ranunculaceae, includ ing its primitive genera, Caltha, Calathodes, and Trollius and the primitive genus of trib. Anemoneae, Anemone, the sepals are spreading and the stamens are glabrous. So, the as cending or upright sepals and hairy stamens of the sections Meclatis, Tubulosa, Viorna, and Atragene of the genus Clematis are secondary, and are accordingly considered as advanced characters, and those sections and the genus Archiclematis, closely related to Sect. Viorna Subsect. Connatae, more or less advanced groups. (2) In the sections Cheiropsis, Fruticella, and Viticella, which have glabrous stamens,some species have spreading sepals, and the others have ascending or upright sepals. In Sect. Clematis, all the species have spreading sepals and glabrous stamens, except for Clematis pinnata, which has ascending sepals and usually hairy stamen filaments. In Sect. Lasiantha with 2 species restricted to western U. S. A., C. lasiantha has glabrous stamens, while C. paucifiora has stamens hairy on fliaments. In Sect. Naraveliopsis with spreading sepals,the majority of species have glabrous stamens, but one species, C.liboensis, endemic to Guizhou Province, China, has hairy stamens. These facts just mentioned indicate that the evolution of sepals and stamens took place in several lineages independently in Clematis. (3) In Clematis, glabrous stamens of C.apiifolia, C.grata, and C.montana with linear filaments and oblong anthers, are similar to those of Caltha, Calathodes, Trollius, and Anemone. Thus, the linear filaments and oblong anthers are considered primitive characters in Clematis. On the other hand, lanceolatelinear filaments of C. tangutica and C. aethusifolia or oblanceolate -linear filaments of C. courtoisii and C. loureiriana and linear anthers of C. meyeniana and C. uncinata, and narrow-linear anthers of C. courtoisii and C. lanuginosa are considered advanced ones. In ease of stamens with hairs, stamens of C. henryi with densely villous filaments and those of C. kweichowensis with both filaments and anthers densely pubescent show more advanced condition than those of C. pinnata, C. heracleifolia, and C. tangutica, with sparsely puberulous filaments and glabrous antbers(Fig. 1 ). (4)The pedunculate, 2-bracteate dichasial cyme with several flowers may represent the primitive type of inflorescences in Clematis. Manyflowered panicle-like cymes as in C.gouriana and C. tsaii, or few-l-flowered cymes as in C. henryi and C. repens, and cymes lacking peduncles and bracts as in C. montana and C. pogonandra are all considered advanced. Besides, the fact that flowers arise from axillary buds of old branches shows also an advanced condition. (5)Sect. Clematis subsect. Pinnatae, with leaflets, inflorescence ramification, and stamens similar to those of C. heracleifolia, is considered intermediate between Sect. Clematis and Sect. Tubulosa. (6) Subsect. Clematis and Subsect. Rectae, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect. Crispae are so closely related to each other respectively that it is difficult to ascertain the systematic position of some intermediate species between the two subsections of each pair in the absence of seedlings. So, in the present paper, following the classification of Clematis proposed by Tamura in 1967, I put Subsect. Clematis and Subsect. Rectae in Sect. Clematis, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect. Crispae in Sect. Viorna. (7)According to the evolutionary tendencies mentioned above, a realignment of the sections and the infrasectional taxa of the Chinese Clematis is made. (8) Six subsections, 6 serise, 2 species, and 4 varieties are described as new, and 5 new combinations, 4 new ranks, and 2 new names are given. (9)The specific rank of C. tenuipes W.T. Wang, reduced to varietal renk in 1980, is restord. C. taiwaniana Hayata, reduced to synonomy of C. grata Wall. in 1991, is considered distinct from the latter in hairy adaxial surface of sepal and narrower achene with tapering apex. C. kerriana Drumm. & Craib and C. laxipaniculata Pei are proved to be conspecific to C. subumbellata Kurz and reduced to syn-onymy.