湖北省县级公立医院改革试点医院财务收支状况分析

目的 通过分析湖北省县级公立医院改革试点医院财务收支现状及存在的问题,为更好地推动县级公立医院改革提供理论基础和行动指南。方法 采用现场调研方法收集湖北省35个县级公立医院改革试点医院的财政收入、支出和盈余等相关数据,运用描述性统计方法研究财务收支现状及其变化发展趋势。结果 (1)财政投入不足; (2)取消药品加成取得初效,但仍需加强;(3)县级公立医院欠费问题严峻;（4）中医院创收能力较弱;（5）总体收支结余增长过快。结论 针对县级公立医院财务存在的问题提出落实政府投入政策,建立市场调节型的多元化融资机制,优化中医院创收结构和核心竞争力,落实各种欠费的管理措施,加强县级公立医院预算管理。     

安徽省县级公立医院参与远程会诊情况调查分析

目的 分析安徽省县级公立医院信息化基本建设情况、医务人员参加远程会诊的意愿及其影响因素,为推进远程会诊持续发展提供意见。方法 通过文献复习,初步设计了远程会诊调查表,以无记名方式对安徽省8家开展远程会诊的县级公立医院进行调查。结果 （1）8家县级医院的信息化建设各不相同。（2）8家县级医院医务人员对远程会诊知晓率为76.2%。（3）对远程会诊相关问题理解不同,使用远程会诊意愿也不用。结论 从提高县级医院信息化平台建设,加强远程会诊宣传工作,以点带面,推进远程会诊发展,创新远程会诊服务模式等方面入手,提高县级公立医院和医务人员的参与度。     

湖北省县级公立医院偿债现状与发展能力分析

目的 通过了解和分析2011—2013年湖北省县级医院偿债能力和发展能力情况及发展趋势,为进一步深化县级公立医院改革提供参考。方法 在对样本县人民医院和县中医院的经济运行现状进行描述的基础上,结合有效的对比分析,以探讨湖北省县级公立医院偿债能力和发展能力变化情况。结果 湖北省县级人民医院的负债水平偏高,资产负债率持续升高。业务收入增长率逐年走低,净资产增长显示后劲不足,发展能力较弱。结论 合理控制医院发展规模,健全卫生服务网络体系,加强医院内部财务风险控制,以促进综合医院的可持续发展。     

县级公立医院综合改革效果评价指标体系研究

目的 通过构建符合该省实际情况的县级公立医院综合改革效果评价指标体系,对县级公立医院综合改革效果进行评价。方法 利用德尔菲法结合模糊综合评价法建立县级公立医院综合改革效果评价指标体系,并运用TOPSIS法对选取的样本医院进行评价。结果 建立县级公立医院综合改革效果评价指标体系,包含一级指标3个、二级指标7个、三级指标27个。结论 建立县级公立医院综合改革效果评价指标体系,为县级公立医院改革政策的进一步完善提供理论基础与导向。     

辽宁省县级公立医院改革对医院收入和服务影响分析

目的 分析辽宁省县级公立医院改革对医院收入和服务的影响。方法 选取2013年第二批县级试点医院,采用描述性分析、t检验、秩和检验,对比医院改革前后收入和服务的变化。结果 试点医院收入结构有所改善,医师人均收入略有增加,服务量和服务效率提升,门诊和住院费用有所降低;药占比仍有下降空间。结论 改革后试点医院整体上经济运行平稳,收入结构进一步优化,但服务效率和费用负担需不断改善。     

浙江省县级公立医院改革试点医院收支状况分析

目的 分析浙江省县级公立医院综合改革的施行对县级公立医院收支状况的影响。 方法 收集浙江省2011年12月启动改革的5个县（市）22家医院2011-2013年上半年的收入和支出数据,对定量资料采用描述性统计分析。结果 县级公立医院综合改革实施后,医院收入结构变化明显,一方面政府财政[1]补助额度逐年提高,财政补助占医院总收入的比例上升;另一方面,药品收入占医疗收入的比例逐年下降,药品收支结余对医院的补偿能力逐步减弱。结论 浙江省县级公立医院在改革实施后,依托合理的医疗服务调价手段和政府财政的有力支持,县级公立医院改革平稳推进。
     

县级公立医院薪酬水平感知及满意度影响因素分析

目的 探讨县级公立医院薪酬水平感知和满意度的影响因素。方法 采用调查问卷对县级公立医院员工进行现场调查,利用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行Logistic回归分析。结果 Logistic回归分析发现,员工薪酬水平感知受到个体的工作年限、岗位类别、职称、是否在编、每周工作时间和医院的级别6个因素的影响。薪酬水平满意度受到个体的工作年限、科室类别、每周工作时间和医院级别4个因素的影响。结论 县级公立医院员工薪酬水平感知和满意度偏低。完善员工的职称晋升机制,完善薪酬设计,建立向临床一线超负荷工作者倾斜、体现岗位价值的薪酬政策,实现同工同酬是提高员工薪酬水平感知和满意度的可行选择。     

基于文献计量学的《中国医院管理》文献可视化分析

目的 通过文献计量学方法,探索《中国医院管理》的发展脉络及医院管理领域近年来的科研合作演进过程。方法 利用信息可视化分析软件CiteSpace,对近10年（2006—2015年）间刊发在《中国医院管理》的科学文献进行文献计量学分析（共有4 169篇文献纳入）。结果 其中高产作者有方鹏骞、薛迪、吴群红等,分别达到56篇、51篇、22篇。高产单位有华中科技大学同济医学院医药卫生管理学院、哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院和首都医科大学卫生管理与教育学院,合作频次分别达到187次、96次和56次。其中“公立医院”“医院管理”“医疗质量”等关键词共现率较高均超过100次。2013年后“医药分开”“患者安全”“合理用药”和“县级公立医院等”等内容逐渐成为研究热点。结论 《中国医院管理》杂志是广大读者了解和学习医院管理领域研究热点和重大成果的重要平台。     

公立医院绩效评价PATH优化模型实证研究 ——基于齐齐哈尔市第一医院的实践

目的 验证公立医院绩效考核“PATH优化模型”指标体系的可行性。方法 按照指标要求进行数据采集与测算,根据实证医院实际情况确定指标值,进行模型模拟,测算结果,论证模型的可操作性。 结果 公立医院绩效考核“PATH优化模型”在稳定的评价维度下,指标设计具有一定的灵活性,医院可根据阶段性目标的达成情况对指标进行动态调整;在规范化管理基础较好、绩效管理信息系统建设完善的医院,指标数据的收集可实现准确、便捷。结论 公立医院绩效考核“PATH优化模型”具有较好的可行性。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Progress in glial cell studies in some laboratories in China

Glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS) consist of a heterogeneous population of cell types,each characterized by distinct morphological features,physiological properties,and specific markers.In contrast to the previous view that glial cells were passive elements in the brain,accumulating evidence suggests that glial cells are active participants in various brain functions and brain disorders.This review summarizes recent progress of glial cell studies from several groups in China,ranging from studie...     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.