中国圈养麝内寄生虫感染情况调查

为了掌握我国圈养麝内寄生虫感染情况,为圈养麝内寄生虫病防控技术的研究提供科学依据。本研究抽样采集圈养麝新鲜粪样,采用循序沉淀法、离心漂浮法和贝尔曼法进行粪样中寄生虫虫卵(或卵囊)和幼虫的检查。从四川、陕西、甘肃和湖北等地24个养麝场中抽样采集了1049只麝的新鲜粪样,共查到9种(类)寄生虫虫卵(或卵囊)和幼虫,总阳性率为71.21%。其中,球虫Eimeria sp.卵囊阳性率达44.61%,卵囊密度(OPG)为800~54 400;线虫卵(未定科属)阳性率次之,为11.73%,虫卵密度(EPG)为300~18 700;而肺线虫(网尾属Dictyocaulus sp.)幼虫、毛细线虫Capillaria sp.卵、毛圆线虫Trichostrongyloides sp.卵、食道口线虫Oesophagostmum sp.卵、绦虫Anoplocephalidae sp.卵、类圆线虫Strongyloides sp.卵和毛首线虫(鞭虫Trichuris sp.)卵的阳性率分别为6.01%、2.00%、1.81%、1.53%、0.95%、1.24%和1.33%。调查表明我国圈养麝感染的内寄生虫种(类)多,感染率较高,其中以球虫和线虫感染情况最严重。     

驯养中缅树鼩的消化道寄生虫监测及寄生蠕虫驱虫效果

目的了解野外树鼩和驯养树鼩寄生虫感染情况及其驱虫效果。方法 随机选取野外捕获3 d和已驯1个月(未驱虫)、F1代、F2代、F3代树鼩,各五笼,每笼3～4只,用饱和食盐水漂浮法检查粪样虫卵或卵囊,根据形态学鉴定虫种。结果粪样共检获两种寄生性线虫虫卵(毛尾线虫和奇口线虫)、膜壳绦虫卵、一种球虫卵囊。野外捕获3 d和驯养1个月树鼩的线虫卵检出率最高,达100%;绦虫卵检出率分别达60%和20%;球虫卵囊检出率分别达40%和20%。驯养F1代、F2代、F3代树鼩,仅F2代1笼检出线虫卵,检出率为20%。驱虫当天粪样检出的线虫虫卵、绦虫卵和球虫卵囊与驱虫前检出结果比例一致,并收集到39条奇口线虫、3条毛尾线虫、18条长膜壳绦虫。驱虫后第2天和第3天均未收集到虫体,粪样中也未检测到线虫卵和绦虫卵,仅检测到球虫卵囊。结论为树鼩实验动物化的消化道寄生虫病的监测和控制提供基础信息。     

拉萨市流浪犬肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

随机采取拉萨市城关区、城郊结合部、当雄县流浪犬聚焦地61份犬新鲜粪样,通过直接涂片法和饱和蔗糖水漂浮法镜检寄生虫虫卵或卵囊。结果表明:粪检检出肠道寄生虫14种,主要寄生虫为犬绦虫、犬弓首蛔虫、犬隐孢球虫等;拉萨市区流浪犬肠道寄生虫阳性感染率为75.41%,其中城关区感染率为57.14%,城郊结合部感染率77.27%,当雄县感染率84.00%。上述结果说明,拉萨市流浪犬肠道寄生虫感染率高、种类多,存在人畜共患病危险。     

成都动物园爬行动物寄生虫感染情况调查

2003-2005年采用沉淀-漂浮法及阿米巴原虫营养琼脂双相培养基培养法,调查成都动物园28种108只爬行动物（包括蛇类、龟类、蜥蜴类和鳄鱼类）的寄生虫感染情况,先后共检查211个粪样,其结果为：阿米巴原虫的粪样阳性率为26．1％（55／211）,线虫卵的粪样阳性率为14．7％（31／211）,球虫卵囊的粪样阳性率为2.8％（6／211）,而蜱仅在个别动物体表发现。     

天山马鹿南山种群肠道寄生虫的流行病学调查

为了解野生天山马鹿胃肠道寄生虫感染情况,2011 年10 月至2012 年6 月和2012 年9 月,利用漂浮法和沉淀法,对分布于新疆乌鲁木齐南山山区天山马鹿的306 份马鹿粪便进行了调查。结果表明,天山马鹿寄生虫感染情况较为严重,主要有鞭虫卵、蛔虫卵、球虫卵、线虫卵和幼虫,总感染率高达85. 6% 。其中鞭虫卵、蛔虫卵、球虫卵及其他(未能鉴定分类的线虫卵和幼虫)的平均感染率分别为78.1% 、56. 9% 、0.7% 和25. 8% ,感染强度(EPG)分别为106.4、8. 6、0.9 和3.9,其中鞭虫卵占优势。混合感染情况比较严重,鞭虫卵和蛔虫卵的混合感染率为最高,可达44% 。     

可可西里藏羚羊、野牦牛、藏野驴和藏原羚冬季蠕虫卵粪检研究初报

2004年12月25日~2005年1月5日,在可可西里地区收集到藏羚羊、野牦牛、藏野驴和藏原羚的新鲜粪便各36、16、13和20份带回实验室,利用漂浮法、沉淀法对其在冬季的寄生蠕虫卵进行检查。结果显示:藏羚羊、藏原羚粪便中均存在有细颈属线虫、马歇尔属线虫和莫尼茨属绦虫虫卵,藏羚羊的感染率在19.4%~94.4%之间,感染强度EPG分别为5.58、5.11和2.86;藏原羚感染率为15%~65%,感染强度EPG各自为11.1、2.45和12.65。野牦牛粪样有古柏属和毛圆属线虫卵,感染率在75%~87.5%之间,感染强度EPG为9.06和5.93;藏野驴粪样有裸头属绦虫卵和园形科线虫卵,感染率在31%~100%之间,感染强度EPG分别为3.77和104。粪检表明:冬季藏羚羊、野牦牛、藏野驴和藏原羚的蠕虫感染率高、感染种类少和感染强度低,动物处于带虫免疫状态。     

宁夏固原市流浪犬寄生虫感染情况的调查

为了解城市流浪犬寄生虫感染情况,2011年7～9月对宁夏固原市随机选择3个小区的56只流浪犬进行了体表寄生虫和肠道寄生虫感染调查.结果显示,流浪犬体表寄生虫总感染率100％,其中54只犬检到犬栉首蚤,56只犬检到犬啮毛虱,26只犬检到犬疥螨,10只犬检到犬蠕形螨;33份粪样中检出虫卵,肠道寄生虫总感染率58.93％,其中20份检出犬弓首蛔虫卵,4份检出犬钩虫卵,9份检出泡状带绦虫卵.可见固原市城市流浪犬寄生虫感染相当普遍和严重,加强宠物饲养管理和流浪犬管理的工作刻不容缓.     

白马镇寄生虫病流行性病学调查及分析

目的:了解白马镇人体寄生虫病流行现状,为当地卫生局制定寄生虫病防治策略与措施,评价防治效果提供科学依据,并向村民宣传寄生虫病的卫生知识和提高当地居民的卫生意识。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法在白马镇居民中开展面对面的调查问卷。并随机抽取部分居民采用饱和盐水浮聚法进行粪检查虫卵。结果:五个村中参与问卷调查共1095人,其中有效问卷920份,共有150人参与粪检,发现五种寄生虫,总感染率31.33%,蛔虫22.7%,蛲虫2.7%,华支睾吸虫7.3%,日本血吸虫2.7%,寄生虫感染年龄主要集中在40-60岁中老年人群。在地区分布上,挂榜村的寄生虫感染率最高。结论:白马镇寄生虫感染率仍处于较高水平,其中蛔虫感染率有上升趋势,可能与村民不良卫生习惯,及喜粪便施肥等有关,提示:今后要采取药物驱虫,加强村民饮食卫生意识,改水改厕等综合防治措施,加强人体寄生虫病的防治。川北医学院三下乡队伍于2015年7月~8月对白马镇的村居民进行寄生虫调查.     

野生太行猕猴肠道寄生虫感染的初步调查

为了解野生太行猕猴(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、改良抗酸染色法和卢戈碘液染色法对194份粪便样品进行检查,结果共检查出阿米巴原虫(Amoebasp.)、等孢球虫(Isospora sp.)、鞭虫(Trichuris sp.)、圆线虫(Strongylid sp.)、泡翼线虫(Physaloptera sp.)、蛲虫(Enterobius叩.)、蛔虫(Ascarid sp.)7种寄生虫.寄生虫总感染率为97.4%,线虫感染率为93.8%.其中,鞭虫感染率最高,为91.2%;阿米巴原虫和圆线虫次之,分别为67.5%和60.8%.寄生虫混合感染率为87.1%;鞭虫、泡翼线虫、圆线虫3种线虫混合感染率为71%,同时感染其中2种的占42%,同时感染3种的占29%.对鞭虫卵、圆线虫卵和泡翼线虫卵进行感染强度测定,92%以上阳性样品线虫卵的EPG值在2 000以下.等孢球虫为非人灵长类国内新发现种;所检出寄生虫中,阿米巴原虫、鞭虫、泡翼线虫、蛲虫、蛔虫均可感染人,因此具有重要的公共卫生意义.     

九华山猴群肠道蠕虫检查初步报告

目的了解九华山野生猴群肠道寄生虫感染情况,为野生猴疾病的防治及人兽共患寄生虫病原的控制提供参考依据。方法采用沉淀法和饱和盐水浮聚法对64份猴群粪便样品进行检查,对检出的虫卵分类计数,分析感染强度和混合感染率。结果共检出蠕虫卵34份(53%);其中鞭虫卵13份(20%),食道口线虫卵12份(19%),肠毛细线虫卵各8份(12%),蛔虫卵1份(2%);寄生虫混合感染率为19%,同时感染其中2种的占10%,同时感染3种的占9%。感染强度为鞭虫"++",肠毛细线虫"+",食道口线虫"+",蛔虫"+"。另外还有两例幼虫有待鉴定。结论此次所检出的肠道寄生虫均可感染人,因此具有重要的公共卫生意义。     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。