抗蔓割病优质甘薯种质C180在育种中的应用

从河北351×莆薯76-16杂交后代中选育出的甘薯种质C180,具高抗蔓割病兼抗甘薯瘟Ⅰ型菌系、品质优良、抗病基因遗传力高、配合力好等特点,是抗病育种上已成功利用的核心亲本。福建省利用C180亲本材料直接或间接育成20多个甘薯新品系,其中通过国家或省级审定的品种8个。这些衍生品种主要用于我国南方薯区,多数分布在福建,推广面积较大的有金山57、福薯3282和泉薯723等品种。     

优质甘薯种质福薯1号鉴定及利用研究

福薯1号是福建省农业科学院作物研究所以广薯62为母本,A48、福薯26等8个品种为父本计划集团杂交获得的优质甘薯种质。该种质作为亲本材料具有开花习性好、结实率高的特点,杂交获得的后代品系具有入选率高、食味品质好、商品品质优、抗病性强等特点,利用福薯1号为母本已选育出3个品种通过国家甘薯品种鉴定或福建省审定。     

甘薯兼抗薯瘟病和蔓割病种质筛选鉴定

用甘薯瘟2个致病型菌株对557份甘薯品种(系)分菌系做盆苗和田间接种鉴定,并用蔓割病菌接种鉴定.结果表明,筛选出兼抗薯瘟病2个菌系的品种(系)31份,兼抗甘薯瘟和蔓割病的品种(系)有16份,其中泉薯860、泉薯854、金山93、榕选416、金山908、广薯88-70和泉薯853等7份与我省主栽抗病品种湘薯75-55(CK)相比,具有类似的双抗性能力,而其抗瘟能力更强.福薯87、林泗2号、金山57和湛93-16等4份对照品种只抗单个病害或兼抗单个菌系.     

矮秆大粒小麦种质绵阳01821的选育与利用

绵阳01821是绵阳市农业科学研究所采用复合杂交育成的优良种质,以它作为主要亲本之一,已育成4个小麦新品种,其中绵阳24号通过国家和省级审定,绵阳92-330和西南335通过省级审定,绵阳30号结束国家区域试验和生产试验,推荐国家审定,还有7个优良新品系正在参加各级区域试验和多点品比试验。育成品种已在生产上推广180.728万 hm~2。该材料具有矮秆、抗倒抗病力强、大粒、籽粒白皮、品质优良、商品性好等突出特点,是西南麦区小麦高产优质育种中有重要利用价值的种质。     

水稻新种质明恢86及其系列组合的选育研究

通过选用籼粳交中间材料与籼型强恢材料杂交导入广亲和基因的育种方法,将粳稻基因渗入籼稻恢复系,育成的三系及二系新种质明恢86,具有广亲和性、恢复力强、恢复谱广、米质优、配合力好、抗稻瘟病、制种产量高等特点.明恢86与野败型、矮败型、K型败、印尼水田谷型、冈型败、D型败、两用不育系、新质源不育系(岳4A)等多个不育系配组,均表现出强优的杂种优势和优良的综合性状,其中汕优明86、福两优2186、Ⅱ优明86已先后通过福建省或三明市农作物品种审定委员会审定.目前,正在福建和全国南方稻区大面积推广应用.     

黑河38号大豆品种的选育和遗传组成

利用遗传基础丰富的优良中间材料为亲本,配制杂交组合,选育出早熟、高产、适应性广的大豆新品种黑河38号,审定2年种植面积即达20万hm2。分析了黑河38号的遗传组成,核基因来源于十胜长叶、阿姆索等4份国外品种,盖家屯四粒荚、金元等5份农家品种以及1份育成品种和1份当地野生大豆,细胞质来源于克山白眉。     

矮秆大粒小麦种质绵阳01821的选育与利用

绵阳01821是绵阳市农业科学研究所采用复合杂交育成的优良种质,以它作为主要亲本之一,已育成4个小麦新品种,其中绵阳24号通过国家和省级审定,绵阳92—330和西南335通过省级审定,绵阳30号结束国家区域试验和生产试验,推荐国家审定,还有7个优良新品系正在参加各级区域试验和多点品比试验。育成品种已在生产上推广180．728万hm^2。该材料具有矮秆、抗倒抗病力强、大粒、籽粒白皮、品质优良、商品性好等突出特点,是西南麦区小麦高产优质育种中有重要利用价值的种质。     

甘薯抗瘟种质创新与评价

通过常规杂交和杂种后代的抗瘟鉴定,创新和筛选出多份抗薯瘟材料。同时,对46份抗薯瘟病Ⅱ型菌系种质的主要性状进行鉴定和评价,表明泉薯148和American No．7二个抗瘟品种（系）兼具高产、高干（粉）和食用品质优等性状。     

高淀粉多抗甘薯新品种徐薯25的选育及特性评价

高淀粉多抗甘薯新品种徐薯25利用高产综合性状较好的徐薯18为母本,高干高抗优异材料徐781为父本,通过人工控制授粉杂交、多点综合鉴定筛选育成;2007年通过国家甘薯新品种鉴定,鉴定编号为国品鉴甘薯200702;2008年通过山东省品种审定,审定编号为鲁农审2008040.通过对徐薯25特征特性、生产力、抗病性、品质性状以及产量形成的生理特点进行深入研究表明:鲜薯产量与高产兼用品种徐薯18持平,薯干产量比徐薯18增产15%以上,薯块干物质含量则比徐薯18高4.24%;徐薯25在总光合势、净同化率等方面与徐薯18相似,其获得高产主要依赖于光合产物合理的分配,物质生产属"经济系数型";徐薯25高抗茎线虫病、根腐病、蔓割病;薯块粗蛋白、薯块还原糖、薯块可溶性糖和叶片粗蛋白均高于徐薯18.     

甘肃定西地区主栽品种马铃薯颗粒全粉品质分析

以甘肃定西地区主栽的7个品种马铃薯为原料,采用微波工艺生产马铃薯颗粒全粉,并测定其原料品质指标（干物质、总淀粉、直链淀粉、还原糖、维生素C含量）和其颗粒全粉的功能指标（蓝值、持水性和持油性）。结果表明：除克新1号品种马铃薯的干物质含量偏低、还原糖含量较高以外,其余6个品种费乌瑞它、陇3、青薯6号、冀张薯8号、陇薯6号、庄薯3号均符合加工全粉的要求;马铃薯原料中总淀粉含量高,则游离淀粉的含量相对较高。7个品种马铃薯颗粒全粉的蓝值顺序为费乌瑞它>冀张薯8号>庄薯3号>青薯6号 > 陇薯3号>陇薯6号> 克新1号;持水性顺序为冀张薯8号>费乌瑞它>青薯6号>庄薯3号>陇薯3>陇薯6>克新1号;持油性高低顺序是克新1号>青薯6号>冀张薯8号>庄薯3号>陇薯3号>陇薯6号>费乌瑞它。该结果可为甘肃省定西地区马铃薯颗粒全粉生产的原料选择和颗粒全粉应用提供科学依据。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV