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持久性有机污染物(POPs)是高残留物质,进入生物体后会长期存留并产生危害。近年来,有关生物体中POPs的研究已成为环境化学、生态毒理学研究的热点之一。本文概述了持久性有机污染物(POPs)的主要类型、生态特征、来源和污染效应。介绍了POPs在鸟类体内富集的特点及其对鸟类的危害;分析了以鸟类作为环境监测指示生物时应注意的问题;对POPs的防治以及利用鹭类等水鸟监测环境污染的方法提出了建议。 相似文献
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鸟类是生物多样性的重要组成部分和环境监测指示物种,区域性的鸟类监测有利于地方管理部门作出科学的鸟类多样性管理决策。赣州作为江西面积最大的行政区,但现有的鸟类数据报道较为零散,尚没有完整的鸟类名录,通过系统的文献检索与野外调查相结合,对现有的赣州鸟类名录进行汇总。江西赣州地区共有鸟类392种,隶属于20目75科,占全国鸟类总数的27.1%,占江西省鸟类总数的68.7%。新增加赣州鸟类新记录6种,其中黑叉尾海燕(Hydrobates monorhis)为江西省鸟类新记录。鸟类物种中,国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物有10种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物62种,中国脊椎动物红色名录受威胁物种18种,世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)受威胁物种11种。赣州市的食虫和树冠巢鸟类最多,分别占鸟类总数的38.0%和36.4%。本编目为江西赣州地区的鸟类研究和生物多样性保护提供了基础数据。赣州具有较为丰富的鸟类多样性,保护区监测空白分析表明,国家级自然保护区是鸟类监测的热点区域,而大部分非国家级保护区的鸟类监测报道较少,并不利于保护区管理和鸟类数据共享,亟待作出监测行动,以弥补监测空缺。 相似文献
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中国两栖类种群生态研究概述 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17
两栖类种群生态学研究从深度和广度上看,均无法与哺乳类和鸟类的相比。然而与哺乳类和鸟类一样,随着生态环境的恶化和生态空间的减少,两栖类各物种种群面临巨大的生存压力,甚至濒临灭绝;因此,广泛深入地开展两栖类种群生态学研究,探讨两栖类与外界环境之间的关系,对环境监测和对两栖类种群的保护与利用均有较大的现实意义和理论意义。为此,重点从两栖类的种群结构与动态规律,摄食行为与食性,怕分析与通讯联系,繁殖过程和繁殖习性,越冬准备和冬眠适应,以及两栖类种群数量下降等方面,对中国研究者的工作进行综述,试图阐述研究现状,存在问题,并分析了尚待加强研究的方面和今后的发展趋势。 相似文献
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科学技术是第一生产力,科技的进步是医学不断发展的基础。随着我国医疗卫生体制改革的不断推进,医院科研管理的作
用越来越突出。近年来,军队医院的科研实力和水平面临着巨大的挑战。因此,建立完善的科研机制,实施科研创新战略是推动卫
生事业改革与发展的动力。科研创新是指在立项、论证、研究方法、数据处理等科研活动中所表现出的与前人不同的思维方式和
行为方式。科研活动本身是以现有的现象、认知和习惯为基础的活动,凭借知识和经验预测科研可能达到的科学目的。在不同层
次对人们熟悉的思维方式高度抽象或转换,是科研创新的主要特征。本研究分析现阶段军队医院科研管理存在的问题,探讨科研
创新的必要性,强调医院科研管理应贯彻系统化思想,建立多元化科研模式。 相似文献
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ANGELA BALLANTYNE 《Developing world bioethics》2008,8(3):178-191
There is an alleged tension between undue inducement and exploitation in research trials. This paper considers claims that increasing the benefits to research subjects enrolled in international, externally‐sponsored clinical trials should be avoided on the grounds that it may result in the undue inducement of research subjects. It proceeds from the premise that there are good grounds for thinking that, at least some, international research sponsors exploit trial participants because they do not provide the research population with a fair share of the benefits of research. This provides a prima facie argument for increasing the benefits for research participants. Concern over undue inducement is a legitimate moral concern; however, if this concern is to prevent research populations from receiving their fair share of benefits from research there must be sufficient evidence that these benefits will unduly influence patients’ decision‐making regarding trial participation. This article contributes to the debate about exploitation versus undue inducement by introducing an analysis of the available empirical research into research participants’ motivations and the influence of payments on research subjects’ behaviour and risk assessment. Admittedly, the available research in this field is limited, but the research that has been conducted suggests that financial rewards do not distort research subjects’ behaviour or blind them to the risks involved with research. Therefore, I conclude that research sponsors should prioritise the prevention of exploitation in international research by providing greater benefits to research participants. 相似文献
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Importance of basic research in applied phycology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Utilization of algae has extended considerably from the middle of this century, with the consequence of more and more applied research in various directions and fields, the most important of which deals with phycocolloid production and algal cultivation to provide raw material and foodstuff. It is noteworthy that this research can not avoid the use of knowledge obtained by basic research; applied phycology is especially indebted to basic research in adopting biotechnologies which are typically coming from basic research. In counterpart, such a situation is beneficial to basic research. According to the dependence of applied phycology to basic research and the fact that restricted research programs only are nowadays financially supported, the fate of all research seems to be questionable. 相似文献
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鹅膏毒肽是我国蘑菇中毒事件中致死率最高的蘑菇毒素。鹅膏毒肽引起机体中毒的主要机制为鹅膏毒肽与真核生物RNA聚合酶Ⅱ (RNAP Ⅱ)特异性结合并抑制mRNA形成。本文系统整理了有关α-鹅膏毒肽与真核生物RNAP Ⅱ相互作用的国内外研究进展。由于同一时代各领域对该主题有不同研究角度,研究进展既有平行也有交叉,因此,本文将鹅膏毒肽与真核生物RNAP Ⅱ相互作用的110多年研究史(1907-至今)分为8个阶段,包括(1) 鹅膏毒肽的早期研究、(2) 化学结构解析、(3) 毒理学研究、(4) 构-效关系研究、(5) 生物化学研究、(6) 分子生物学研究、(7) 结构生物学研究和(8) 药物开发与评价。本文按以上顺序,分主题论述α-鹅膏毒肽与真核生物RNAP Ⅱ相互作用的研究历程和重要研究结果,以期给中毒和临床毒理学等领域带来新的思考。 相似文献
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Robert C. Hughes 《Bioethics》2014,28(8):397-404
It is widely agreed that foreign sponsors of research in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are morally required to ensure that their research benefits the broader host community. There is no agreement, however, about how much benefit or what type of benefit research sponsors must provide, nor is there agreement about what group of people is entitled to benefit. To settle these questions, it is necessary to examine why research sponsors have an obligation to benefit the broader host community, not only their subjects. Justifying this claim is not straightforward. There are three justifications for an obligation to benefit host communities that each apply to some research, but not to all. Each requires a different amount of benefit, and each requires benefit to be directed toward a different group. If research involves significant net risk to LMIC subjects, research must provide adequate benefit to people in LMICs to avoid an unjustified appeal to subjects’ altruism. If research places significant burdens on public resources, research must provide fair compensation to the community whose public resources are burdened. If research is for profit, research sponsors must contribute adequately to the upkeep of public goods from which they benefit in order to avoid the wrong of free‐riding, even if their use of these public goods is not burdensome. 相似文献
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Wendler D 《Bioethics》2002,16(1):33-54
There is widespread discussion concerning the safeguards appropriate for human research subjects. Less discussed is the fact that the safeguards one deems appropriate depend, in large part, on the model of research participation that one assumes. Therefore, to determine what safeguards are appropriate, it is necessary first to clarify the competing models of research participation. The ostensibly obscure debate over informed consent for research on stored biological samples is of particular interest in this regard because such research can involve varying subsets of the three central elements of research involvement. As a result, analysis of this debate provides an opportunity to identify the competing models of research participation. Based on this analysis, this paper describes a new model of research participation that is emerging, and considers its implications for clinical research. 相似文献
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‘教学型’高校教师的主要工作是教学,科研工作处于时断时续的状态。针对以上现实,本文指出了“教学型高校”加大科研力度的必要性,并就目前的科研现实提出切实可行的改进措施。①教学与科研不是独立的两个方面,而是相互促进的一个整体,加大‘教学型’高校的科研力度可以达到教学、科研的互利双赢。科研应该逐渐成为‘教学型高校’教师的重要工作内容。②重视科研也是重视教学,提高教学质量以及围绕教学进行的评估、教改等各项举措,也应该从加大科研力度的角度进行:教师有了科研工作,自然需要学生参与;而学生加入到教师的科研活动,不仅是对学生动手能力、创新意识的最好培养,更将明显提高学生学习理论知识的积极性,提高听课效率。③改善‘教学型高校’科研工作的现状,可从设立研究型教师岗位和减少行政指令性活动等方面入手。 相似文献
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生物信息学作为自然科学领域中多学科交叉的新兴学科,其发展研究得到了众多学者的关注。为了解生物信息学在国内外的研究态势,以CNKI中文数据库和Web of science外文数据库中生物信息学领域期刊论文为研究对象,利用R语言编程工具,文献计量和共词分析归纳了国内外生物信息学领域的研究现状、热点及趋势。结果表明:国内外生物信息学研究均处于高速发展期,文献量呈逐年增长趋势,研究领域也在不断拓宽;国内外研究热点均聚焦在基因挖掘、蛋白质结构与功能预测、miRNA分析等,但国内偏向于理论研究,而国际更注重其在疾病治疗、药物设计等方面的应用研究。 相似文献