紫红丝膜菌子实体的化学成分研究

从紫红丝膜菌子实体粗提物中分离得到棕榈酸、麦角甾醇、麦角甾醇过氧化物、大黄素甲醚、1-羟基-3-甲基-2-异丙基-6,8-二甲氧基蒽醌5个单体化合物：通过气质联机分析,黄色油状物鉴定出9个化合物,主要为具有香气成分的不饱和脂肪醛类化合物,紫色粉末物鉴定出5个化合物,主要为开链饱和烷烃类化合物。     

紫红丝膜菌子实体的化学成分研究

从紫红丝膜菌子实体粗提物中分离得到棕榈酸、麦角甾醇、麦角甾醇过氧化物、大黄素甲醚、1-羟基-3-甲基-2-异丙基-6,8-二甲氧基蒽醌5个单体化合物;通过气质联机分析,黄色油状物鉴定出9个化合物,主要为具有香气成分的不饱和脂肪醛类化合物,紫色粉末物鉴定出5个化合物,主要为开链饱和烷烃类化合物。     

猴头菌培养物化学成分研究

为研究猴头菌培养物的化学成分,利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、重结晶等分离技术进行系统的分离纯化,根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果从猴头菌固体培养物中共分离得到10个化合物,分别为大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、大黄素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、麦角甾醇、β-谷甾醇、5α-豆甾-3,6-二酮、麦角甾醇过氧化物、3-吲哚甲醛。其中化合物1⁵,8,10均为首次从猴头菌培养物中分离得到。     

栓菌Trametes sp. G048的化学成分研究

从栓菌属真菌Trametes sp. G048的发酵液和菌丝体中分离并鉴定出6个化合物,经波谱数据分析分别鉴定为isodrimenediol diacetate(1)i、sodrimenediol 2-acetate(2)、脑苷脂D(3)、麦角甾醇(4)、过氧化麦角甾醇(5)和啤酒甾醇(6)。其中化合物1和2为新的天然产物。     

茶藨子叶孔菌子实体(忍冬)的化学成分研究(英文)

从茶藨子叶孔菌(忍冬)中分离了8个化合物,通过波谱法和理化性质分别鉴定为豆甾醇(1),二十八酸(2),β-谷甾醇(3),麦角甾醇(4),麦角甾醇过氧化物(5),壬二酸(6),烟酸(7),原儿茶酸(8)。化合物1,3,6均为首次从该属真菌中分到。     

硬孔灵芝的化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱层析法进行分离纯化,从硬孔灵芝Ganoderma duropora的氯仿萃取物中分离得到甾类化合物8种。根据波谱数据,化合物1-8结构分别被鉴定为:麦角甾醇、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-酮、6,9-环氧麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇、过氧麦角甾醇、3,5-二羟基麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮、β-谷甾醇和胡萝卜苷。     

亚洲兰茂牛肝菌的化学成分及其活性

对亚洲兰茂牛肝菌Lanmaoa asiatica(“见手青”)的化学成分和生物活性进行研究。采用多种柱色谱技术以及重结晶等方式对其95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化,共得到17个单体化合物。根据波谱数据及文献比对鉴定了化合物的结构,其中9个为甾体类化合物：citreoanthrasteroid(1)、1(10→6)abeo-麦角甾-5,7,9,22-四烯-11β-甲氧基-3α-醇(2)、3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-dien(3)、过氧化麦角甾醇(4)、9(11)-去氢过氧化麦角甾醇(5)、3β-羟基-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,8(9),22-烯-7-酮(6)、(24S)-麦角甾-7-烯-3β-醇(7)、22E,24R-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(8)和麦角甾醇(9);其余化合物分别为：腺嘌呤核苷(10)、5’-deoxy-5’-methylamino-adenosine(11)、5’-deoxy-5’-methylamino-9-(α-L-lyxofuranosyl)adenine(12)、(R)-4-me...     

棱柄马鞍菌子实体的化学成分研究

采用多种色谱方法和现代光谱技术对棱柄马鞍菌Helvella lacunosa子实体的化学成分进行分离纯化,得到11个化合物,并进行了结构鉴定,分别是麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(1)、麦角甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、麦角甾醇(3)、麦角甾醇过氧化物(4)、苯甲酸(5)、3,7-二甲基-正辛基3α醇-1-苯甲酸酯(6)、腺嘌呤核苷酸(7)、尿嘧啶(8)、甘露醇(9)、Withaferin A(10)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(11)。所有化合物均为首次从棱柄马鞍菌子实体中分离得到。     

人参内生球毛壳菌株RSQMK-9的化学成分研究北大核心CSCD

从人参内生球毛壳菌株RSQMK-9的发酵培养物中提取分离得到14个代谢产物,通过波谱分析鉴定其结构分别为麦角甾醇(1)、4,6,8,22-四烯-3-酮-麦角甾烷(2)、啤酒甾醇(3)、9(11)-去氢麦角甾醇过氧化物(4)、alternariol(5)、大黄素甲醚(6)、3-吲哚甲酸(7)、2,3,4-三甲基-5,7-二羟基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃(8)、2-氨基苯甲酰胺(9)、2-氨基苯甲酸(10)、3-甲基苔色酸(11)、甘露醇(12)、chaetoglobosin A(13)及5'-epichaetovirdin A(14)。这些化合物均为首次从人参内生球毛壳菌中发现,而且化合物6为首次从该属真菌中分离到。海虾致死试验结果显示:10μg/mL浓度下,化合物13和14对丰年虾的致死率分别为83.4%和54.3%。     

人参内生球毛壳菌株RSQMK-9的化学成分研究

从人参内生球毛壳菌株RSQMK-9的发酵培养物中提取分离得到14个代谢产物,通过波谱分析鉴定其结构分别为麦角甾醇(1)、4,6,8,22-四烯-3-酮-麦角甾烷(2)、啤酒甾醇(3)、9(11)-去氢麦角甾醇过氧化物(4)、alternariol(5)、大黄素甲醚(6)、3-吲哚甲酸(7)、2,3,4-三甲基-5,7-二羟基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃(8)、2-氨基苯甲酰胺(9)、2-氨基苯甲酸(10)、3-甲基苔色酸(11)、甘露醇(12)、chaetoglobosin A(13)及5'-epichaetovirdin A(14)。这些化合物均为首次从人参内生球毛壳菌中发现,而且化合物6为首次从该属真菌中分离到。海虾致死试验结果显示:10μg/mL浓度下,化合物13和14对丰年虾的致死率分别为83.4%和54.3%。     

Mycelial lipids as an aid in identifying rust fungi in culture-Cronartium fusiforme.

The sterol and fatty acid content of mycelium from germinating basidiospores of Cronartium fusiforme was determined. The mycelium contained stigmast-7-enol, fungisterol, and possibly stigmasta-5,7-dienol. No ergosterol was detected. The mycelium contained the expected fatty acids and low relative proportions of 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoic acid. The absence of ergosterol, and presence of the epoxy C18 acid and sterols typical of certain rust spores may be used for a relatively rapid confirmation of rust fungi in culture. Based on these chemical criteria, yeast-like cells isolated from the cultures of germinating basidiospores appear not to be C. fusiforme.     

Regulation of sterol biosynthesis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Sterol synthesis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae was primarily controlled by the growth rate. At low specific growth rates the intermediates of ergosterol biosynthesis prevailed in cells. At the same time, the total sterol content reached about 6% of dry matter whereas the content of ergosterol was only 2–2.5%, which seems to be the maximum value forS. cerevisiae. After esterification with fatty acids these sterol intermediates are stored in lipid globules together with reserve triacylglycerols. The sporulatingS. cerevisiae cells contained 3.5% sterols and 1.5% ergosterol of dry matter.     

ESR determination of membrane order parameter in yeast sterol mutants.

ESR investigations designed to determine membrane order parameter in sterol mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were conducted using the membrane probe, 5-doxyl stearic acid. These mutants are blocked in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway and thus do not synthesize ergosterol, the end product sterol. They do not require exogenous ergosterol for growth and, therefore, incorporate ergosterol biosynthetic intermediates in their membrane. Increasing order parameter is reflective of an increase in membrane rigidity. Single mutants involving B-ring delta 8 leads to delta 7 isomerization (erg 2) and C-24 methylation (erg 6) showed greater membrane rigidity than wild-type during exponential growth. A double mutant containing both lesions (erg 6/2) showed an even greater degree of membrane rigidity. During stationary phase the order of decreasing membrane rigidity was erg 6 greater than erg 6/2 greater than erg 2 = wild-type. The increased membrane order parameter was attributed to the presence of substituted sterols rather than increased sterol content or altered fatty acid synthesis.     

The interactions of amphotericin B with various sterols in relation to its possible use in anticancer therapy.

Amphotericin B (AmB) is still the most common anti-fungal agent used to treat systemic fungal infections. It is known that this antibiotic acts by forming pores with the ergosterol contained in the membranes of fungi, but it also interacts with the cholesterol contained in the membranes of eukaryotic cells, hence its toxicity. AmB may also interact with the most common oxidation products of cholesterol found in vivo, together with interacting with biosynthetic precursors of cholesterol, namely, lanosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). The purpose of the present work was to study the interactions in solution between AmB and these various sterols, the techniques used being UV-Vis spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The results are globally interpreted in terms of the structural differences between the sterols. We show that AmB selectively interacts with 7-DHC which, according to a recent hypothesis proposed in the literature, has been identified in connexion with a therapeutic strategy against hepatocellular carcinomas. We find that the affinity of AmB towards 7-DHC is even greater than the affinity of the antibiotic towards ergosterol. We also find that AmB selectively interacts with the principal oxidation product of cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, a situation that has to be taken into account when AmB is administered.     

紫穗槐叶片浸提液对长柄扁桃种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

紫穗槐和长柄扁桃是中国西北干旱和半干旱地区的常见绿化植物。为探索紫穗槐搭配长柄扁桃进行绿化建设和生态修复的可行性,采用培养皿滤纸法和土培法测定了5种质量浓度的紫穗槐叶片浸提液(0.025、0.05、0.10、0.15和0.20 g·mL^-1)对长柄扁桃8个品种(YY₁、YY₃、YY₄、YY₅、YY₆、SM₆、SM₇和SM₈)的化感作用。结果表明: 当浸提液浓度为0.025和0.05 g·mL^-1时,长柄扁桃YY₁和SM₆品种的种子萌发和幼苗长势显著优于其他品种。随紫穗槐叶片浸提液浓度升高,长柄扁桃幼苗过氧化氢酶活性呈先升高后降低的趋势。此外,随叶片浸提液浓度升高,过氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性以及可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量降低,而丙二醛和可溶性糖含量及细胞膜透性呈现逐渐上升的趋势。主成分及聚类分析表明,在紫穗槐化感作用下,长柄扁桃的生长势按照YY₁、SM₆、SM₈、SM₇、YY₆、YY₃、YY₅和YY₄顺序依次降低。综上,低密度紫穗槐与长柄扁桃YY₁和SM₆品种人工搭配混合种植有利于促进长柄扁桃种子萌发和幼苗生长。     

Cloning and characterization of a gene complementing the mutation of an ethanol-sensitive mutant of sake yeast

Ethanol-sensitive mutants (esl to es10) were isolated from sake yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae SY-32. These mutants were unable to grow at 7% ethanol at which the wild type strain SY-32 does grow. The mutants had a variety of fermentation rates and viabilities in the presence of ethanol. The gene ERG6, complementing the ethanol-sensitive mutation of es5, was cloned from an SY-32 gene library. ERG6 encodes S-adenosylmethionine: delta 24-sterol-C-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.41) in the ergosterol synthetic pathway. Mutant es5 had a reduced ability to synthesize ergosterol. An erg6 disruptant was also ethanol-sensitive. These results suggested that ERG6 plays an important role in the ethanol tolerance of S. cerevisiae.     

Effects of singlet oxygen on membrane sterols in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Photodynamic treatment of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the singlet oxygen sensitizer toluidine blue and visible light leads to rapid oxidation of ergosterol and accumulation of oxidized ergosterol derivatives in the plasma membrane. The predominant oxidation product accumulated was identified as 5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-(22E)-ergosta-8,22-dien-3beta,7a lpha-diol (8-DED). 9(11)-dehydroergosterol (DHE) was identified as a minor oxidation product. In heat inactivated cells ergosterol is photooxidized to ergosterol epidioxide (EEP) and DHE. Disrupted cell preparations of S. cerevisiae convert EEP to 8-DED, and this activity is abolished in a boiled control indicating the presence of a membrane associated enzyme with an EEP isomerase activity. Yeast selectively mobilizes ergosterol from the intracellular sterol ester pool to replenish the level of free ergosterol in the plasma membrane during singlet oxygen oxidation. The following reaction pathway is proposed: singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation of ergosterol leads to mainly the formation of EEP, which is enzymatically rearranged to 8-DED. Ergosterol 7-hydroperoxide, a known minor product of the reaction of singlet oxygen with ergosterol, is formed at a much lower rate and decomposes to give DHE. Changes of physical properties of the plasma membrane are induced by depletion of ergosterol and accumulation of polar derivatives. Subsequent permeation of photosensitizer through the plasma membrane into the cell leads to events including impairment of mitochondrial function and cell inactivation.     

中国五种锄足蟾科无尾两栖动物的细胞遗传学研究

本文对中国５种锄足蟾科无尾两栖动物的骨髓细胞有丝分裂中期作了细胞遗传学研究,内容包括核型、Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ和Ｃ－带。研究结果表明景东角蟾：２ｎ＝２６（２０Ｍ＋４ＳＭ＋２ＳＴ）,５＋８,ＳＣ和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ位于６ｐ＾ｐｅｒ,同时呈Ｃ－带正染。Ｃ－带以着丝点区域正染为主;粗皮角蟾：２ｎ＝２６（２０Ｍ＋６ＳＭ）,５＋８,Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ在６ｑ＾ｉｎｔｅｒ,以着丝点Ｃ－带为主,但Ｎｏｓ．１２,１３有明显的端位     

Fine measurement of ergosterol requirements for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation

Yeasts can incorporate a wide variety of exogenous sterols under strict anaerobiosis. Yeasts normally require oxygen for growth when exogenous sterols are limiting, as this favours the synthesis of lipids (sterols and unsaturated fatty acids). Although much is known about the oxygen requirements of yeasts during anaerobic growth, little is known about their exact sterol requirements in such conditions. We developed a method to determine the amount of ergosterol required for the growth of several yeast strains. We found that pre-cultured yeast strains all contained similar amounts of stored sterols, but exhibited different ergosterol assimilation efficiencies in enological conditions [as measured by the ergosterol concentration required to sustain half the number of generations attributed to ergosterol assimilation (P₅₀)]. P₅₀ was correlated with the intensity of sterol synthesis. Active dry yeasts (ADYs) contained less stored sterols than their pre-cultured counterparts and displayed very different ergosterol assimilation efficiencies. We showed that five different batches of the same industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADY exhibited significantly different ergosterol requirements for growth. These differences were mainly attributed to differences in initial sterol reserves. The method described here can therefore be used to quantify indirectly the sterol synthesis abilities of yeast strains and to estimate the size of sterol reserves.