氚水在模拟水稻－水－土壤生态系统中的行为

采用模拟污染物的同位素示踪技术研究HTO(流水)在水稻-水-土壤模拟生态系统中的迁移、消长行为,并应用三库室开系统模型和非线性回归方法确定了水稻、水和土壤分室的拟合方程．结果表明,田表水中的HTO不仅在系统各分室间转移和分配,而且迅速向系统外散逸;HTO中的流以自由水氚和结合态流形式存在于水稻中,以吸湿性水流和结晶水氚存在于土壤,其中自由水氚(或吸湿性水氚)的比活度大于结合态流(或结晶水氚);水稻植株和土壤中HTO比活度随时间增加至最大值后又趋于下降,而结合态氚则呈缓慢增加;水稻茎秆中的总氚比活度高于其它各部位,而后逐渐趋于动态平衡．对实验数据进行回归分析得：田表水、土壤和水稻植株中的总氚比活度分别为Cw(t)=32.19c^-0.0353t 99.94c^-0.330t、Cs(t)=20.42(e^-0.0353t-e^-0.330t)和Cr(t)=38.49c^-0.0353t-10.13e^-0.330t-28.36c^-2.5744t。方差分析结果表明,各回归方程较好地反映了HTO在水稻-水-土壤生态系统中的行为．     

镉污染对水稻土微生物量、酶活性及水稻生理指标的影响

水稻盆栽条件下,研究了外源Cd不同处理对土壤微生物学指标、土壤酶活性及部分水稻生理指标的影响.结果表明,土壤微生物量C和N开始随Cd浓度增加而上升,到一定浓度时则随Cd浓度增加而下降,其转折点因土壤性质有所差异.同时土壤酶活性变化规律与土壤微生物量C、N变化规律相似,但其转折点浓度因土壤类型及土壤酶种类不同而有差异.Cd污染后的变异系数依次为:脱氢酶＞酸性磷酸酶＞脲酶.土壤呼吸作用强度和代谢熵都随Cd浓度增大而缓慢增加.水稻叶绿素含量随Cd处理浓度增加表现出先上升后下降,其转折点受供试土壤性质不同而不同;脯氨酸含量与过氧化物酶活性随着Cd处理浓度增大而增加.Cd污染后水稻生理指标的变异系数在黄松田水稻土中依次为过氧化物酶活性＞叶绿素含量＞脯氨酸含量;黄红壤性水稻土中依次为过氧化物酶活性＞脯氨酸含量＞叶绿素含量.相关分析表明,种植水稻条件下Cd污染对土壤微生物量、酶活性及水稻生理指标的影响是相辅相成的.     

营养强化时褶皱臂尾轮虫对饵料微藻的摄食

选取适宜浓度利用单种微藻和混合微藻对轮虫进行营养强化,采用实验生态学方法研究了轮虫滤水率和摄食率的动态变化.结果表明:微藻浓度、微藻种类和培养时间均对轮虫的滤水率和摄食率有显著影响;轮虫对几种单种微藻的滤水率和摄食率均随培养时间的延长而下降,在实验条件下,6h内轮虫对3种微藻的滤水率大小顺序为小球藻＞球等鞭金藻＞牟氏角毛藻,12h内轮虫对3种和,微藻的滤水率大小顺序则为球等鞭金藻＞小球藻＞牟氏角毛藻;轮虫在混合微藻中的选择顺序为球等鞭金藻＞小球藻＞牟氏角毛藻.     

环境中石油烷烃迁移的数量特征

使用１４Ｃ－正十六烷示踪技术,研究了石油烃在土壤水稻系统的传输、累积和分布．结果表明,当土壤中沉积的油量达到１８０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时,水稻枯萎．插秧前均匀拌入土壤的油量达到３００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时,水稻生长发育正常．草甸棕壤稻田土,正十六烷的分配系数Ｋｄ为２１６．其在土壤水稻系统的分布顺序为水稻＞水＞土壤．按残留量大小排序为水＞土壤＞水稻．一茬水稻生长期,矿物油损失量是总量的３９％．石油污染区,其年径流携带量占土壤可淋溶总量的５８％．     

太湖地区典型水稻土稻-麦轮作地表径流中磷的变动规律

为了了解来自农田土壤径流磷浓度对太湖水体富营养化的贡献状况,采用田间小区试验的方法,研究了太湖地区安镇爽水型水稻土和常熟囊水型水稻土2000～2002年度磷素流失浓度变化及其原因。结果表明:太湖地区农田水稻土磷素流失的主要形态是颗粒态磷;施磷处理对地表径流磷浓度有显著影响;两种水稻土的径流中磷浓度呈现出随时间而降低的趋势;稻季土壤磷素流失的最大风险时期约在水稻移栽后一个月内,而麦季约在磷肥施用后1～2个月内;对于同期地表径流事件,囊水型水稻土径流中DP和TP浓度均高于爽水型水稻土;土壤类型对地表径流次数有明显的影响,并且随季节表现不同。     

土壤中铬的有效性与污染生态效应

本文研究了土壤中铬的有效性及其对水稻生长发育和吸收积累的影响,结果表明：０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＥＤＴＡ是土壤中有效态铬的较好提取剂;添加无机态Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｒ（Ⅳ）的盆栽土壤中有效态铬随时间延长而降低,在低添加浓度下,水稻根系中铬浓度随生长时间延长而增高,茎叶中铬含量则相反;铬对水稻的毒性和吸收积累明显受土壤性质的影响。     

添加玉米和水稻秸秆对淹水土壤pH、二氧化碳及交换态铵的影响

通过温室土壤培养试验,研究了不同添加量玉米和水稻秸秆对淹水土壤pH、CO₂及交换态铵的影响.结果表明：在接近中性的土壤中加入秸秆可使土壤pH值降低,4 g·kg^-1玉米和水稻秸秆处理的土壤pH值均与对照差异显著（P＜0.05）,而1 g·kg^-1玉米和水稻秸秆处理与对照差异不显著（P＞0.05）.土壤溶液中的CO₂含量随秸秆添加量的增加而增大,1 g·kg^-1玉米和水稻秸秆处理的土壤溶液CO₂含量最大值分别为35.9％和31.9％（v/v）,与对照（25.8％）差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）,但两者间差异不显著（P＞0.05）;4 g·kg^-1玉米和水稻秸秆处理的土壤溶液CO₂含量最大值分别为54.2％和41.8％（v/v）,与对照差异极显著（P＜0.01）,两者间差异也达显著水平（P＜0.05）.在不施氮肥的情况下,添加秸秆可降低土壤铵态氮浓度,且铵态氮浓度随秸秆添加量的增加而降低,不同添加量处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）;在施入氮肥的情况下,1 g·kg^-1玉米和水稻秸秆处理提高了土壤铵态氮浓度,而4 g·kg^-1玉米和水稻秸秆处理降低了土壤铵态氮浓度.无论是否施入氮肥,玉米和水稻秸秆处理的土壤铵态氮浓度差异不显著（P＞0.05）.     

土壤和大气铅对玉米植株内铅积累的影响和贡献率

采用土壤添加Pb和叶面喷施Pb溶液的方式,分别研究了土壤Pb和大气Pb在玉米植株各器官中的积累规律和Pb污染浓度与籽粒Pb含量、叶片Pb含量与籽粒Pb含量的相关性,以及土壤Pb和大气Pb对玉米籽粒Pb的贡献率.结果表明:土壤添加Pb后,玉米各器官中Pb含量表现为根＞茎＞叶＞籽粒,且主要富集在根系中;叶面喷施Pb后,玉米各器官Pb含量大小顺序是叶片＞茎、根＞籽粒,且主要富集在叶片中;随着土壤和大气Pb浓度的增加,玉米各器官Pb含量均呈现不同程度的增加;玉米籽粒中的Pb含量与土壤和叶片Pb浓度呈显著正相关(P＜0.01);土壤施加Pb的毒性临界值为118.95 mg·kg-1;大气Pb对玉米籽粒的贡献率为53.7％,土壤Pb对玉米籽粒的贡献率为46.3％,说明大气Pb通过叶面传输是玉米籽粒吸收Pb的重要途径.     

海甘蓝生长过程中植株体内矿质营养元素动态的研究

我们在法国西部的昂热市（Ａｎｇｅｒｓ）试验研究了海甘蓝在不同生长时期内植株生长量、体内矿质营养元素含量、植株对不同营养元素的吸收量的动态变化。结果表明,海甘蓝在５个月生长期内的田间总生长量为１２．２２ｔ·ｈｍ－２（干物质）,移栽后各月内海甘蓝的生长量大小顺序为第五个月＞第三个月＞第二个月＞第四个月＞第一个月。海甘蓝植株体内Ｂ、Ｓ、Ｃａ和Ｐ的含量以移栽后的第二个月最高,第五个月最低;Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ和Ｍｎ含量在第一个月最高,其它时期变化不大;Ｚｎ和Ｍｎ含量随移栽后的时间增加而降低;Ｎａ和Ｋ含量在整个生长季节内均无明显变化。在整个生长季节内,海甘蓝对各种矿质营养元素的总吸收量的大小顺序为Ｋ＞Ｃａ＞Ｓ＞Ｐ＞Ｎａ＞Ｆｅ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｂ＞Ｃｕ。不同生长期,植株对多数营养元素的吸收量的大小顺序为第五个月＞第三个月＞第二个月＞第四个月＞第一个月     

铅在水稻中的迁移积累及其对水稻生长发育的影响

本文通过水稻盆栽试验,分析了铅在水稻中的迁移积累和不同浓度的铅在各生育期对水稻生长发育的影响。主要结果如下: 水稻对铅的吸收和积累因各生育期水稻的生长特性不同而异。根、茎、叶积累铅量最多的时期为拔节期;谷壳和糙米积累铅量最多的时期为结实期。在任何生育期施铅,水稻各器官的铅积累浓度顺序都为根>叶>茎>谷壳>糙米。掇和叶积累的铅量与施铅浓度呈正相关,谷壳和糙米积累的铅量与施铅浓度无关。 施入的铅大部分都积累在土壤中和被吸附在根表面上。铅主要随蒸腾流通过质外体进入导管,以晶体或沉淀的形式存于细胞间隙中或附于细胞壁上。水稻植株各器官的铅积累浓度不随施铅后植株生长天数的增加而增加。 水稻对铅的抗性较强,但在种子萌发期和幼苗期,较高浓度的铅仍会对植株造成一定的伤害,在一定的浓度范围内,水稻可通过自身的代谢调节来减轻铅对它的伤害。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.