青弋江芜湖市段水环境质量的蚕豆根尖微核检测

微核实验 (ｍｉｃｒｏｎｕｃｌｅｕｓｔｅｓｔ ,ＭＣＮＴ)是根据环境污染物能引起染色体畸变而形成微核的原理来检测诱变物质对染色体损伤用的一种简便易行的方法。陈光荣在 1983年开始用蚕豆根尖微核技术(Ｖｉｃｉａ ＭＣＮ)来检测农药和化学诱变剂对染色体的损伤情况[8] 。 1986年 ,国家环保局把用蚕豆根尖微核技术监测水污染的测试方法编入了《生物监测技术规范》[3 ] 。目前利用蚕豆初生根尖微核技术监测环境污染和危险化学品的研究已得到了广泛的应用[4～ 7] ,成为我国水环境监测的规范化方法之一[8,9] 。本文应用该技术对青弋江芜湖市…     

重铬酸钾对蚕豆根尖细胞致畸效应的研究

以蚕豆根尖为材料,研究重铬酸钾对蚕豆根尖细胞的致畸效应。采用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核试验和染色体畸变试验方法,以不同浓度的重铬酸钾为诱变剂,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率和染色体畸变率。结果表明:重铬酸钾能诱发较高频率的微核率,即在一定浓度范围内,其微核率随重铬酸钾处理浓度的升高而增加,但高于一定浓度后反而呈下降趋势;不同浓度的重铬酸钾均使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数增大;重铬酸钾还能诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生较高频率的染色体畸变,且产生多种类型的染色体畸变。结论是重铬酸钾对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的致畸效应。     

甲硝唑诱导蚕豆根尖细胞微核的研究

本实验研究了甲硝唑诱导蚕豆根尖细胞微核的效应。实验表明：(1)浓度为0.1、6、12、40和500 mg/L甲硝唑均能使蚕豆根尖细胞微核率显著增加,且蚕豆根尖细胞微核率和甲硝唑浓度之间存在明显的剂量-效应关系;(2)甲硝唑能引起DNA损伤,具有分子诱变剂的性能。     

铬渣堆场渗滤液对蚕豆根尖细胞微核的影响

利用蚕豆根尖微核技术监测化工铬渣堆场渗出液的遗传毒性,结果表明,化工铬渣渗出液含有较高浓度的Cr6+,能明显诱导蚕豆根尖细胞微核的形成,具有较强的遗传毒性。当铬渣渗出液中Cr6+浓度为186.6460 mg/L时,微核率达到最大。铬渣渗出液所诱导的微核率与阴性对照组相比有极显著差异。     

EDTA对蚕豆根尖细胞微核的诱变作用

为探讨EDTA对高等植物细胞的诱变作用 ,以及验证EDTA对金属离子的螯合作用 ,本试验用不同浓度的EDTA处理蚕豆根尖细胞 ,进行微核试验 ,并以Pb(NO3 ) 2 作为阳性对照 ,以无离子水作为阴性对照 ,发现EDTA能使蚕豆根尖细胞微核率有明显增加。由此证明EDTA对高等植物细胞有一定的诱变作用     

浊漳河水体污染物对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性研究

运用蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验技术对浊漳河南段6个代表性样点水体中有机污染物的遗传毒性进行了研究,为浊漳河流域水体污染状况的有效监测提供理论依据.结果显示:(1)浊漳河南段各监测断面的水体有机污染物对蚕豆根尖细胞均产生了不同程度的损伤,表现出细胞微核、断片、染色体桥等多种异常形态,严重时导致细胞坏死和细胞凋亡.(2)6个样点水样处理的蚕豆根尖细胞微核率在21.47‰～64.77‰,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01).(3)各样点水样对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤程度依次为:王桥>店上>漳泽水库>北寨>黄碾>五阳;在有丝分裂后期,蚕豆根尖中异常细胞最高达70%,且异常细胞比率有随着污染程度增大而升高的趋势.研究表明,蚕豆根尖细胞微核是水质毒理检测的有效指标,其细胞有丝分裂后期异常细胞比率也可作为水质毒理检测的观察指标.     

微核技术监测广州灵岗河水质污染的研究

水污染已成为全球普遍关注的一个重大问题。为探讨洗水印染企业废水和生活污水排放对环境的污染程度以及对周边生物的遗传损伤,研究利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核监测技术对位于广州番禺区灵岗河段淤泥浸出液和污水引发的环境情况进行了测定。数据显示用灵岗河段污水处理后的蚕豆根尖细胞微核发生率显著大于阴性对照组的微核率,水质污染指数为2．912,初步测定该河段属中度污染。     

乙酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞致畸效应

采用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核试验和染色体畸变试验方法,以不同浓度的乙酸铜为诱变剂,选择不同的处理时间,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数、微核率和染色体畸变率。结果表明：乙酸铜能诱发较高频率的微核率,处理6h、12h时微核率均随着乙酸铜浓度的升高而增加,具有明显的剂量效应;处理24h时在实验浓度范围内,其微核率随乙酸铜浓度的升高而增加,但高于一定浓度后反而呈下降趋势。不同浓度的乙酸铜在不同处理时间均使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数增大。乙酸铜还能诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生较高频率的染色体畸变,且产生多种类型的染色体畸变。因此,乙酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的致畸效应。     

Mutagenicity (micronucleus test in Vicia faba root tips), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal content of sediments collected in Tiber river and its tributaries within the urban area of Rome

Sediments collected in Tiber river and in its main tributary water courses within the urban area of Rome were tested for mutagenicity by means of Vicia faba root tips micronucleus (MN) test. Representative samples were scored for micronucleus generating events (chromosome/chromatid loss and fragments) too. Sediments were assayed for content of the thirteen most important chemicals of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group and for some heavy metal ions (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn). Samples were collected in four tributary rivers (Prima Porta, Acqua Traversa, Aniene and Magliana) just before their confluence with Tiber river and at different stations along the Tiber river itself upstream and downstream the sites of confluence of the sampled tributaries. All samples were collected in July 1992. An alarming level of mutagenicity was reached in most of the tested stations, with an effect comparable to an X-rays exposure up to 0.4 Gy. Chemical analysis showed that the total amount of identified PAHs ranged from 4.5 to 625.2 ng/g of dry matrix in the different stations and the total amount of heavy metals ranged from 130 to 570 ppm. Tiber mutagenicity is likely to be mainly due to local factors such as the confluence of a small polluted tributary rather than to large scale effect due to an upstream–downstream relationship.     

死鱼事件中污染源废水对鱼类急性毒性及诱变微核的研究

为了研究2006年9月广州郊区某鱼塘因化工企业污染源废水进入而导致大量死鱼事件中鱼类死亡原因,用斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)和蚕豆(Vicia faba)根尖对污染源废水及鱼塘水分别进行了鱼类急性毒性试验和蚕豆根尖微核试验。污染源废水和鱼塘水的96hLC₅₀分别为1.69%、23.95%,污染源废水和鱼塘水的微核率分别为27.8‰、13.7‰,污染源废水和鱼塘水的COD、BOD、石油类、氨氮、总磷等均出现超标情况,其中氨氮、苯胺、石油类污染物严重超标。监测结果表明,以氨氮污染为主的污染源废水是导致死鱼事件的主要原因,废水对蚕豆根尖微核率的形成具有显著性影响,可能存在潜在的致突变性危险。     

太湖蓝藻滤液的遗传毒性研究

蓝藻爆发是环境污染引发的重要事件之一,随之产生的蓝藻毒素又直接危及区域水安全.该论文采用蚕豆和大蒜根尖微核试验研究了太湖蓝藻暴发期间蓝藻滤液的遗传毒性.结果表明,同阴性对照相比,所有试验处理对蚕豆根尖细胞微核发生率的影响显著增加;对大蒜根尖细胞微核发生率而言除蓝藻滤液8倍稀释液的影响不显著外,其它水平效应显著高于阴性对照,而且表现出一定的剂量效应.暴发期蓝藻滤液原液对蚕豆根尖细胞微核发生率影响显著高于阳性对照(0.8mg·mL^-1环磷酰胺)的效应,从而说明蓝藻暴发时期蓝藻滤液具有较强的遗传毒性.通过微核试验效果分析,蚕豆作为植物监测系统的敏感性和稳定性都优于大蒜材料.     

应用微核技术对北京三海水域污染状况的研究

2003和2004年于北京三海（西海、后海和前海）分别采集21、22个样品,利用蚕豆根尖微核技术对水体的污染状况进行了遗传毒性分析。结果表明,水体总体显示出不同程度的遗传毒性特征。2003、2004两年中,微核相对率〈1．5的样本分别占4．7619％、18．1818％,主要分布于前海和后海湖心区域;微核相对率为1．5～2．0的样本分别占28．5714％和13．6364％;微核相对率为2．0～3．5的样本分别占28．5714％和45．4545％;微核相对率〉3．5的样本分别占38．0952％和22．7273％。其中。在民居密集的西海区域,两年重度污染率均达到40％。结果表明,水体污染程度与人为因素具有显著相关。本文对试验方法亦进行了讨论。     

硫酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响

以蚕豆根尖为材料,研究硫酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性效应。采用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核试验方法和染色体畸变试验方法,以不同浓度的硫酸铜为诱变剂,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数、微核率和染色体畸变率。结果表明:不同浓度的硫酸铜均能使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数明显增加,即5个实验组的分裂指数均明显高于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.001);不同浓度的硫酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂各期百分数的影响有异;能诱发较高频率的微核率,即在一定浓度范围内,其微核率随硫酸铜处理浓度的升高而增加,但随着硫酸铜浓度的进一步升高而呈下降趋势;硫酸铜还能诱导染色体产生多种类型的畸变,染色体畸变率随硫酸铜处理浓度的升高而增加,随着硫酸铜浓度的进一步升高而呈下降趋势,但均明显高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论是硫酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的遗传毒性效应。     

SO2衍生物诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核和后期异常的研究

研究SO₂体内衍生物--亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠混合液(3:1 mmol·L^-1/mmol·L^-1)诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核和后期异常的效应。结果表明:SO₂衍生物处理可诱发蚕豆根尖间期细胞微核和核芽,使分裂后期出现多种染色体异常,如断片、桥以及滞后染色体等。异常细胞中以微核细胞和染色体断裂细胞居多。在一定浓度范围内,细胞异常率与处理液浓度之间表现正的线性相关。这些研究结果表明,蚕豆根尖间期微核和后期染色体异常有可能用作检测SO₂污染的生物剂量计。     

紫茎泽兰叶片水浸液对蚕豆的化感效应

外来入侵植物可以通过淋溶、自然挥发、根系分泌和植株凋落物分解等途径向周围环境释放化感物质,抑制伴生植物的生长、发育。该研究以不同浓度紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)叶片水浸液处理蚕豆(Vicia faba)种子,研究紫茎泽兰叶片水浸液对蚕豆根尖细胞微核、染色体畸变、细胞凋亡、蚕豆幼苗叶片叶绿素和N含量、光合生理特性、生物量的影响。结果表明:(1)紫茎泽兰叶片水浸液处理显著抑制蚕豆根尖的伸长和细胞的有丝分裂,并诱导蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变和细胞微核的产生,有丝分裂指数随着叶片水浸液浓度增加而减小,根尖细胞微核率随叶片水浸液浓度增加而增大,高浓度叶片水浸液处理对蚕豆根尖细胞的凋亡及坏死有明显影响。(2)紫茎泽兰叶片水浸液处理引起蚕豆幼苗叶片的叶绿素和N含量显著降低,并导致蚕豆幼苗最大净光合速率和生物量的显著下降。总之,紫茎泽兰叶片水浸液可能引起蚕豆根尖的氧化损伤和抑制根尖的伸长,且叶片水浸液的抑制作用呈现一定的剂量效应。紫茎泽兰叶片水浸液对蚕豆根尖的损伤和抑制作用可能影响了植株对氮素的吸收,进而对蚕豆幼苗光合生理表现以及生物量积累产生显著负面效应。     

废电池浸出液对蚕豆种子萌发和根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响

以蚕豆种子为材料,采用水培方法研究废电池浸出液对蚕豆种子萌发及根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响。结果表明,不同浓度废电池浸出液对蚕豆根、芽的萌发及根尖细胞有丝分裂都产生一定程度的抑制作用,并随着浓度的增加,抑制作用逐渐增大,同时微核率也快速上升。本试验表明,较高浓度的废电池浸出液是毒性很强的溶液,属重度污染液。     

稀土多元复合肥和三种稀土元素的遗传毒性研究

采用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术,研究市售稀土多元复合肥和稀土元素镧、铈、铒的化合物对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性和细胞毒性。结果表明,稀土复合肥和三种稀土元素均可诱发微核效应,在一定浓度下可损伤细胞,影响根尖的正常生长,其中稀土复合肥的微核效应表现出明显的剂量-效应关系。稀土复合肥和稀土元素镧、铈、铒的化合物对蚕豆根尖细胞具有一定的遗传毒性作用和细胞毒性作用,在施用稀土微肥和使用稀土制品时应引起重视。 Abstract：This paper presents the study of genetic toxicity and cell toxicity that is give n by rare earth multi-element compound fertilizer and a chemical compound of rar e earth elements-La3＋、Ce4＋、Er3＋ in root tip cells of Vicia faba.The technique used is micronucleus in root tip cells of Vicia faba.The experiment statistical result shows that both the rare earth compound fertilizer and the three kinds of rare earth elements can cause micronucleus ef fect and under certain concentration,they can hurt cells, affect root tip gro wth .The micronucleus effect of the rare earth compound fertilizer shows a clear relation of dosage-effect. The conclusion is that rare earth compound fertilize r and the chemical compound of rare earth elements La3＋、Ce4＋、E r3＋cause certain genetic toxicity and cell toxicity effect to root tip cells of Vicia faba.Therefore a close attention should be paid when the rar e earth multi-fertilizer and other things made by rare earth are used.     

The use of Tradescantia and Vicia faba bioassays for the in situ detection of mutagens in an aquatic environment.

Tests have shown plant bioassays to be excellent for mutagenicity studies. Most studies with plant bioassays, however, have been carried out either in the laboratory, or if, in situ, as monitors of atmospheric contaminants. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the utility of in situ plant mutagenicity bioassays in monitoring water contaminants. The assay systems tested were the Tradescantia stamen hair and micronucleus assays for the detection of gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations respectively, and the Vicia faba bioassay system which detects chromosomal aberrations in root tips. The assays were used to test the effluent from a pulp and paper mill located on the north shore of Lake Superior. Assays were performed in a creek containing raw effluent and in the bay of Lake Superior into which the creek emptied. All in situ treatments were carried out for 24 h. The effluent from the creek was heavy with pulp and debris which coated the plant cuttings and the Vicia faba seedlings and may have restricted the uptake from the effluent. In the creek, at test sites 11.5 km from the source, the effluent was toxic to the Vicia faba roots as evidenced by a reduction in the mitotic index. The data for the Tradescantia stamen hair assay in the creek were equivocal. The cuttings from the creek test sites and the air and water control sites appeared to have undergone a physiological delay. Within a day or two after the return to the laboratory, that is 6-8 days after testing, flowering almost ceased and did not fully resume until about day 35. This reduction in flowering was particularly severe with the cuttings from the effluent and air control sites, making it very difficult to interpret the results. In contrast, the Tradescantia micronucleus and Vicia faba chromosomal aberration data were unequivocal; each produced positive responses at both test sites relative to the air and water controls. The results obtained for the bay sites with all 3 assays were in agreement. In that section of the bay visibly contaminated by the creek effluent, increases in stamen hair mutants, micronuclei, and chromosome aberrations were measured. In general, there was a considerable reduction in the number of mutant events observed for the water samples brought back from the test sites and tested in the laboratory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Vicia root-micronuclei assays on the clastogenicity of water samples from the Kui River near Xuzhou city, People's Republic of China.

The Vicia root-micronucleus (VR-MCN) bioassay was used to determine the genotoxicity of water samples collected from the Kui River near Xuzhou city, China. Results show that all water samples induced elevated MCN frequencies over background. This indicates that the river water was polluted with genotoxic material. The source of pollutants in this river is discussed.     

Micronucleus induction by low doses of X-rays in Vicia faba root tips

Studies on the micronucleus test in Vicia faba root tips (VM test) were carried out in order to estimate the effects at low doses of X-rays (1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 R). The control value of micronucleus frequency is about 0.44/1000 cells. The dose where the micronucleus frequency is twice that of the control was estimated at 1.384 R. There was a linear kinetic dose response for the low-dose range studied here.