河北阳原—蔚县晚上新世兔形类化石

本文记述河北阳原——蔚县晚上新世小哺乳动物群中的兔形类化石共3属5种:Pliopent-alagus nihewanensis sp.nov.,Hypolagus sohreuderi,Ochotona cf.lagrelii,Ochotona minor和Ochotona erythrotis.。对首次发现于亚洲的Pliopentalagus进行了起源和演化方面的探讨;并就华北上新世一早更新世常见的Hypolagus作了一些评述。本文指出:Hypolagus—Plio-pentalagus组合已延至早维拉方期;Ochotona lagrelii—Ochotona minor则为已知的最晚代表。     

藏鼠兔及其近似种的分类研究——包括一新亚种

自1871—1948年间,有关藏鼠兔及其近似种的分类研究,先后共累记了9个不同种:Lagomys thibetana Milne-Edwards, 1871; Ochotona cansus Lyon, 1907; Conothoa huangensisMatschie, 1908; Ochotona sorella Thomas, 1908; Ochotona syrinx Thomas, 1911; Ochotonazappeyi Thomas, 1922; Ochotona sikimaria Thomas, 1922; Ochotona forresti Thomas, 1923和 Ochotona thomasi Argyropulo,1948。对于它们的进一步分类研究,诸作者意见并不一     

内蒙古大庙中中新世上猿化石地点的鼠兔科化石(英文)

鼠兔科虽然是地质历史时期较为繁盛的一个门类,但现在仅有一个属(鼠兔属Ochotona)。Ochotona被认为与Bellatona有密切的亲缘关系,可能是由后者衍生而来。详细描述了内蒙古大庙上猿化石地点发现的鼠兔科化石,识别出一种古老类型Desmatolagus moergenensis以及其他三个种Bellatona cf.B.forsythmajori,Bellatonoides eroli,Ochotonacf.O.lagreli。归入Bellatona,Bellatonoides和Ochotona的这三个种的p3具有相似的形态,并呈现出连续变化的特征。Bellatona的p3具有两个唇侧褶沟,但无舌侧褶沟;Bellatonoides的p3具有浅的舌侧前褶沟,但与唇侧前褶沟分开较宽;Ochotona的p3则具有深的舌侧前褶沟,与唇侧前褶沟之间仅以很窄的齿质桥连接。M2从无后突起、较小的后突起至发育的后突起,也呈现出连续变化的特征。中间颊齿则难以区分。因此,推测这三个种之间存在连续的线性演化关系,Ochotona可能直接起源于Bellatonoides。磁性地层学与生物地层学对比结果显示该地点的年代约为12Ma,与根据分子钟推测的Ochotona的分化时间基本一致。     

西藏缩栉蚤属一新种（蚤目：角叶蚤科）

1978年在西藏自大耳鼠兔Ochotona macrotis采到缩栉蚤属一新种,定名为西藏缩栉蚤Brevictenidia xizangensis sp.nov.。     

青海玉树地区西藏鼠兔的一新亚种

中国科学院西北高原生物研究所曾于1963年4—10月在青海玉树地区,对本区兽类进行了考察,获标本553号,计37种,其中发现西藏鼠兔一新亚种Ochotona thibetana nangqenica Subsp.nov.现报道于下。 藏鼠兔Ochotona thibetana nangqenica,新亚种 正模 630053号,♀,1963年5月15日,采自青海省囊谦县柏扎林场。海拔4,100米。     

Phylogenetic relationships of five pika species (genus Ochotona) based on mitochondrial DNA restriction maps

Restriction site mapping of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with 16 restriction endonucleases was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships of Ochotona cansus, O. huangensis, O. thibetana, O. curzoniae and O. erythrotis. A 1-kb length variation between 0. erythrotis of subgenus Pika and other four species of subgenus Ochotona was observed, which may be a useful genetic marker for identifying the two subgenera. The phylogenetic tree constructed using PAUP based on 61 phylogenetically informative sites suggests that O. aythrotis diverged first, followed by O. cansus, while O. atrzoniae and O. huangensis are sister taxa related to O. thibetana. The results indicate that both O. cansus and O. huangensis should be treated as independent species. If the base substitution rate of pikas mtDNA was 2% per million years, then the divergence time of the two subgenera, Pika and Ochotona, is about 8.8 Ma ago of late Miocence, middle Bao-dian of Chinese mammalian age, and the divergence of the four species in subgenus     

鼠兔属一新种

1983和1985年作者在新疆尼勒克县境内的天山山区采到3只体型较大的鼠兔,其额部和顶部及颈侧有锈棕色斑;其耳长和后足长均为鼠兔属(Ochotona)已知各种中最大者;额骨较平坦,眶间宽达5.3毫米,大于颅基长的11％。经鉴定为一新种,订名为伊犁鼠兔Ochotona iliensis Li et Ma sp.     

卷带倍蚤一新亚种(蚤目:角叶蚤科)

记述倍蚤属Amphalius Jordan,1933-新亚种,卷带倍蚤孟达亚种Amphalius spirataenuis mengdaensis ssp.nov。采自青海省循化县孟达自然保护区的藏鼠兔Ochotona thibetana体上。模式标本存于青海省地方病防治研究所。     

青海羽叶恙螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：恙螨科）

玉树羽叶恙螨,新种Trombiculindus(Plumosicola)yushuensis sp. nov.,采自青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县红耳鼠兔Ochotona erythrotis Buchner的耳壳内。正模♀及尉模♀♀保存在青海省地方病防冶研究所。     

SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF OCHOTONA CANSUS: ADAPTATION TO THE ALPINE ENVIRONMENT

Field observations were carried out on the Gansu pikas, Ochotona cansus Lyon, in its natural habitat from July 1987 to November 1988 at Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station, Qinghai Province,PRC. Communicative behavior, reproductive behavior, spatial and social organization of the Gansu pika were described, and their adaptive significance discussed. The major communicative methods are acoustical and olfactory.At least four types of call (long call,short call, trill and whine)were distinguished. The peculiar habits of vocalization of species in the genus Ochotona appear to be the result of adaptation to boreal and/or high altitude severe climates. Two types of scent marking patterns were observed, and faeces play an important role in olfactory communication. Mother-infant relationships differ from most small rodents, but resemble those of medium-sized lagomorphs. The suckling time is "scheduled", and the frequency seems positively related to litter-size. This mother-infant relationship is thoug     

甘肃天祝松山第二地点中上新世小哺乳动物

<正> 1980年夏作者在甘肃天祝藏族自治县松山公社处理人民来信过程中,在80007地点采得几块含化石骨片的红粘土结核标本。这些标本经室内水洗,从中获得一些零星但相当有意义的小哺乳动物化石材料。这些化石的发现不但对于早先记述的80006地点的小哺乳动物群作了进一步的充实,而且对更深入认识中国北方三趾马动物群也有一定的意义。     

河北阳原—蔚县晚上新世小哺乳动物化石

1984年于泥河湾组下段下部发现小哺乳动物化石标本1800余件,经初步鉴定,它们代表了食虫目、啮齿目和兔形目的26个种,其中的 Paenelimnoecus, Pliopentalagus, Germanomys 为我国首次发现.估计动物群的时代为游河期早期,相当于欧洲的维拉方早期 (MN 16).     

内蒙古阿左旗乌兰塔塔尔中渐新世的兔科化石

本文记述了内蒙古阿左旗乌兰塔塔尔中渐新世地层中发现的兔形类材料中的一种兔科化石——德氏鄂尔多斯兔 [Ordolagus teilhardi (Burke), 1941]. 在形态上对该属种做了较多的补充和订正,并对其系统关系进行了初步探讨.     

中国鼠兔属(Ochotona)的研究——分类与分布

现生鼠兔主要分布在亚洲,次在欧洲东缘和北美洲,其中我国种类最多。就鼠兔属动物的分类而言,以往学者的观点不尽相同,因为许多种类在形态上均相近似。笔者据国内外标本和文献资料,拟对我国鼠兔的分类与分布作一初步整理,并阐述作者的分类意见。 本篇内容包括:几种鼠兔分类地位的讨论,亚属暨种类名录与分布。现记述于后。     

江苏泗洪下草湾中中新世脊椎动物群——3.两种肉食类化石:Semigenetta和Pseudaelurus

本文记述了下草湾组两件保存较好、意义较大的肉食类下颌.一件定为 Semigenetta huaiheensis sp. n..另一件定为 Pseudaelurus (Schizailurus) cf. lorteti.这是这两个属在我国的首次发现;在亚洲这也是第一次可靠的记录. Semigenetta 过去仅发现于欧洲.泗洪的标本比欧洲最原始的种,S. elegans 稍进步.Pseudaelurus 在欧洲发现较多,过去在北美、非洲和南亚也有过报道.后者的真正属性还不很清楚.泗洪的标本,从可以观察到的特征看,归入本属是毫无疑问的,在大小和一些形态特点上和欧洲的 Pseudaelurus (Schizailurus) lorteti 最为接近.这两件标本所代表的时代很可能相当于欧洲的 MN4 或 MN5.     

Tibio-femoral movement in the living knee. A study of weight bearing and non-weight bearing knee kinematics using 'interventional' MRI

The aim of this study was to image tibio-femoral movement during flexion in the living knee. Ten loaded male Caucasian knees were initially studied using MRI, and the relative tibio-femoral motions, through the full flexion arc in neutral tibial rotation, were measured. On knee flexion from hyperextension to 120 degrees , the lateral femoral condyle moved posteriorly 22 mm. From 120 degrees to full squatting there was another 10 mm of posterior translation, with the lateral femoral condyle appearing almost to sublux posteriorly. The medial femoral condyle demonstrated minimal posterior translation until 120 degrees . Thereafter, it moved 9 mm posteriorly to lie on the superior surface of the medial meniscal posterior horn. Thus, during flexion of the knee to 120 degrees , the femur rotated externally through an angle of 20 degrees . However, on flexion beyond 120 degrees , both femoral condyles moved posteriorly to a similar degree. The second part of this study investigated the effect of gender, side, load and longitudinal rotation. The pattern of relative tibio-femoral movement during knee flexion appears to be independent of gender and side. Femoral external rotation (or tibial internal rotation) occurs with knee flexion under loaded and unloaded conditions, but the magnitude of rotation is greater and occurs earlier on weight bearing. With flexion plus tibial internal rotation, the pattern of movement follows that in neutral. With flexion in tibial external rotation, the lateral femoral condyle adopts a more anterior position relative to the tibia and, particularly in the non-weight bearing knee, much of the femoral external rotation that occurs with flexion is reversed.     

鼠兔属两对“近缘种”的分子进化与环境变迁的关系

通过对６种鼠兔限制性内切酶图谱的分析,发现传统的形态学研究公认的两对近缘物种,即高原鼠兔与达乌尔鼠兔及甘肃鼠兔与藏鼠兔实际上来自两个不同的母系群。该结果提示这４种鼠兔两两间彼此形态的相似性可能因趋同进化所致。通过遗传距离计算的各物种分化的时间表明,鼠兔在晚上新世可能有一个快速进化时期。这与在地史上发生的相应的地质事件相吻合。     

陕西彬县晚中新世猪类化石

本文记述了陕西彬县发现的晚中新世哺乳动物群中的猪类化石,共两属两种.双齿尖河猪 (Dicoryphochoerus binxianensis),为—新种其性质较印度 Chinji 组的 D. chisholmi 进步,而比我国蓝田组的 D. medius 又略显得原始;弓颌猪 (Chleuastochoerus stehlini) 是我国特有的一个属种,是北方三趾马动物群中的成员.