胃底腺息肉与胃增生性息肉的临床、内镜特征分析

目的:分析胃底腺息肉与胃增生性息肉的临床、内镜下等特点。方法:回顾性搜集胃镜检出的经病理证实的胃底腺息肉和胃增生性息肉393例纳入分析,按年龄、性别、发生部位、大小、幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori)感染状态、是否使用质子泵抑制剂(proton pump inhibitor)等因素进行分析比较。结果:393例增生性息肉与胃底腺息肉中,男178例,女215例,男女比例为1:1.2,年龄28~89岁。随着年龄的增高,胃息肉发生率越高,但各年龄段分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同部位的增生性息肉与胃底腺性息肉大小相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两种胃息肉的性别分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。增生性息肉H.pylori感染率较胃底腺性息肉高(P<0.05),而胃底腺息肉质子泵抑制剂使用率较胃增生性息肉高(P<0.05)。结论:增生性息肉与幽门螺旋杆菌感染有关,胃底腺息肉与质子泵抑制剂使用有关。对胃底腺息肉与胃增生性息肉的临床、内镜特点的分析有助于胃镜检查对胃息肉性质的初步判断,提高诊断的准确性。     

家族性腺瘤息肉病的遗传病因学研究进展

家族性腺瘤息肉病(FAP)是第二常见的遗传性结直肠癌综合征,多在青春期发病,发病率约1/10000,主要临床表现为大肠中多发的腺瘤性息肉,是一种结直肠癌的癌前病变,如果不予治疗,几乎100%的患者会发展成为结直肠癌。一直以来,FAP被认为是一种常染色体显性遗传疾病,发病由APC基因胚系突变引起。根据临床特点的不同,FAP患者可以分为经典型FAP(CFAP)和轻表型FAP(AFAP)。然而近年来,在一些无APC基因胚系突变的FAP患者中发现了Mut YH基因的双等位基因突变。这种由于Mut YH基因双等位基因突变而无APC生殖突变所引起的临床综合征定义为Mut YH基因相关性息肉病[2](MAP)。MAP为常染色体隐性遗传,是一种特殊类型的FAP。另外,很多研究表明,APC基因的突变位点与结肠腺瘤病的严重程度、癌变的风险程度和某些肠外表现相关。MAP的发现和对FAP基因型-表型相关性的研究,完善了对FAP遗传病因学的认识,对于FAP患者及高危亲属的合理防治和预后具有重要的意义。     

R-spondin：一个新的Wnt信号通路相关蛋白家族的研究进展

R-spondin（Rspo）是近年来新发现的蛋白家族,包括4个成员（Rspo1～4）。已报道Rspo蛋白家族所有成员均为分泌性蛋白,均有两个富含半胱氨酸的furin-like结构域、1个TSP1结构域和富含碱性氨基酸的C端区域。Rspos通过激活并协同Wnt/β-catenin信号通路参与对细胞增殖和分化的调控,影响骨骼、肌肉、血管等组织的发育以及肢体和性腺的形成,并在多种疾病的发生过程中起重要作用。该文结合最新研究进展,就Rspo家族蛋白的结构、主要功能及其对经典Wnt信号通路的调控机理做一综述。     

Min基因突变小鼠模型在肠道肿瘤研究中的应用

迄今为止, 肠道肿瘤相关的基因突变小鼠或敲除小鼠大约有30多种, Min(multiple intestinal neoplasia)小鼠是具有肠道多发性腺瘤特征的Apc基因突变小鼠, 被认为是当前较为理想的家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)的研究模型。APC基因是Wnt途径中重要的抑癌基因, 该途径不仅是动物胚胎发育过程中关键的信号转导途径, 也对结直肠肿瘤的发生发展起到不同寻常的作用。对Min小鼠模型历史、分子遗传学与表型特征、肠道肿瘤与Wnt途径异常、抑癌基因甲基化、TGF-b途径和多药耐药基因等内容进行了介绍, 并分析了该小鼠模型在抗结直肠肿瘤药物研究中的应用和意义。     

胃息肉与幽门螺杆菌感染关系研究

目的探讨胃息肉与幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori）感染关系。方法对1218例胃息肉同时进行H．pylori检查患者进行回顾性分析,分析胃息肉患者H.pylori感染率、胃息肉部位与H.pylori感染关系、胃息肉病理类型与H.pylori感染关系。结果发现胃息肉Hpylori感染患者532例,Hpylori感染率为43．7％。男性胃息肉患者H.pylori感染率为47．5％（216／455）,女性Hpriori感染率感染率为41．4％（316／763）（P〉0．05）,年龄〈20岁、20～39岁、40—59岁和≥60岁胃息肉H.priori感染率分别为41．7％、44．7％、41．6％和47．2％（P〉0．05）;胃窦胃角息肉H.pylori感染率高于其他部位（胃体、胃底和贲门）（P〈0．05）;炎性和增生性胃息肉H.priori感染率高于胃底腺和腺瘤性息肉（P〈0．05）。结论H.pylori感染可能与部分胃息肉发生有一定关系,需要进一步深入研究胃息肉的发生机制。     

大肠癌及大肠息肉患者肠道膜菌群的分析

机体各系统微生态的失衡和某些疾病的发生、发展密切相关。研究它的变化有助于揭示疾病的相关性质及其发生 ,发展的规律 ,如宫颈上皮内瘤样病变的发生与阴道内乳杆菌的明显减少密切相　关 [1] 。胃腔内菌群失调也参与了慢性萎缩性胃炎胃及胃癌的发生与发展[2 ] 。目前对大肠癌及大肠息肉患者肠道菌群的研究较少 ,本文分析了 32例大肠癌及 54例大肠息肉患者肠道膜菌群的变化 ,旨在探讨肠道膜菌群与大肠癌和大肠息肉发生、发展的关系及其临床意义。1材料与方法1 .1　病例选择　大肠癌 32例 ,其中男性 2 1例 ,女性 1 1例 ,年龄介于 39～ 73岁 ,…     

结肠腺瘤息肉蛋白突变对细胞纤毛生长的影响

家族性结肠腺瘤息肉病是由结肠腺瘤息肉蛋白(APC)突变引起的一种常染色体显性遗传病,而其中一些表现突出的肠外症状,例如纤维瘤、骨瘤、大脑畸形、视网膜色素上皮肥大等与纤毛相关疾病有相同的临床症状,暗示APC突变与纤毛之间存在微妙的关系。APC的N端片段(APC-N)是APC中非常保守的一个片段,在多数发生APC突变的个体中都保留有该片段,本文主要研究APC-N的过表达对MDCK细胞纤毛生长的影响。实验结果显示,将质粒pEGFP-C3-APC-N转染到MDCK细胞中,APC-N主要定位于MDCK细胞的细胞质中。免疫荧光染色表明,APC-N的过表达明显抑制MDCK纤毛的生长。这些结果揭示,APC突变可能通过影响细胞纤毛的生长进而导致纤毛相关性疾病。     

Kindlin家族调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的研究进展

Kindlin家族属于新型的局灶性黏附蛋白家族,是由三个进化上具有高度保守性和同源性的蛋白质(Kindlin-1、2和3)组成,在整合素调节、细胞基质黏附和信号转导中发挥重要作用。尽管由三个不同的基因编码,Kindlin家族成员有相似的结构和序列,在C端均含有1个FERM结构域。Wnt/β-catenin信号通路是生物体中普遍存在的调节细胞增殖和细胞分化的重要信号通路之一,在生长发育等生理过程和肿瘤等病理过程中发挥着重要作用。越来越多研究显示,Kindlin家族成员通过调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路参与包括肿瘤在内的许多疾病的发生和发展过程。因此,该文围绕Kindlin家族的结构、主要功能以及调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

条件性敲除APC基因小鼠肠道腺瘤模型的构建

腺瘤性结肠息肉病(adenomatous polyposis coli,APC)基因是家族性腺瘤性息肉病(familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP)的致病基因,APC基因的突变导致小鼠多处产生肿瘤,但肠道条件性敲除APC基因后,小鼠的表型并不清楚。该研究利用Cre-LoxP重组酶系统,在肠道绒毛和隐窝上皮细胞条件性敲除APC基因,并对小鼠表型进行鉴定和分析。将Villin Cre小鼠和APC~(fl/fl)小鼠合笼得到Villin Cre;APC~(fl/+)小鼠;有意思的是后者进一步与APC~(fl/fl)小鼠合笼,却没有得到Villin Cre;APC~(fl/fl)小鼠。进一步解剖Villin Cre;APC~(fl/+)小鼠,发现其自发产生肠道肿瘤,并能携瘤生存,免疫组化显示瘤体组织激活了Wnt信号通路。结果表明成功地构建了小鼠肠道条件性敲除APC基因腺瘤模型,为进一步研究APC基因在肠道发育以及肠道肿瘤的作用提供了优良的工具。     

大肠息肉的危险因素分析

目的:探讨大肠息肉在人群中的年龄、性别、病理类型的分布,并探讨体质量指数、吸烟饮酒、血脂水平、相关疾病、饮食习惯及运动状况对大肠息肉发生的影响。方法:选择2011年4月至2013年4月在海军总医院进行电子结肠镜检查的542例患者,将结肠镜检查发现大肠息肉并住院治疗的患者纳入息肉组,将内镜检查无明显异常的患者纳入对照组。比较两组患者的体质量指数、吸烟饮酒、血脂水平、相关疾病、饮食习惯及运动状况等。结果:大肠息肉人群中男性多于女性,40岁以上高发,超重及肥胖者达55.56%;经常饮酒、较少进食蔬菜、水果、粗纤维食物、运动量少及患有高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病、脂肪肝、胆系疾病者易发大肠息肉。结论:高体质量指数、吸烟、高血脂水平、相关疾病、不良饮食习惯、运动量小是大肠息肉发生的危险因素。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.