冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变介入治疗后的OCT研究

目的:通过光学相干断层成像技术(Optical Coherence Tomography,OCT)观察冠脉慢性完全闭塞病变(Coronary Total Occlusion,CTO)与非闭塞性病变在植入药物洗脱支架(Sirolimus-eluting Stents,SES)后的血管反应(新生内膜覆盖情况和支架小梁贴壁情况)。方法:共入选64位患者,分成CTO组、富含脂质斑块(Lipid-rich Plaque,LRP)组与非富含脂质斑块(non-LRP)组。分别于术前、术后即刻、6月随访时行OCT检查。结果:术后即刻,CTO组与LRP组支架贴壁不良的发生率要高于non-LRP组(3.03%%,2.58%%vs.0.64%,P=0.0219);组织脱垂、支架内血栓的发生率从高到低依次为LRP组、CTO组、non-LRP组(14.99%vs.11.00%vs.6.41%,P0.001;3.81%vs.2.39%vs.1.07%,P=0.0119)。6月随访时,三组比较(CTO组vs.LRP组vs.non-LRP组),CTO组贴壁不良发生率(5.0%vs.1.04%vs.0.4%,P=0.002)、伴有支架小梁裸露的截面数(23.4%vs.8.2%vs.6.6%,P0.001)以及伴有支架小梁突出的截面数(30.8%vs.9.6%vs.9.6%,P0.001)较高。结论:植入SES后不同的血管反应和冠脉原始病变特征有关。CTO病变与LRP病变在植入支架即刻更易于发生贴壁不良、组织脱垂和支架内血栓。6个月随访时,CTO病变的血管内皮化和愈合延迟,且贴壁不良的发生率较高。     

小型猪冠脉支架模型中即刻OCT检查评价支架贴壁不良的安全性和有效性

目的评价中华小型猪冠状动脉支架植入术后即刻行光学相干断层成像扫描（OCT）的安全性和有效性。方法健康中华小型猪22只,经股动脉途径行右冠状动脉西罗莫司药物洗脱支架植入术,术后即刻行OCT检查评价支架贴壁不良情况,同时记录OCT检查时间和相关并发症。结果 OCT共检查25段支架,失败3例（1例指引导丝断裂于支架内,2例发生冠脉痉挛导致阻断球囊送入困难未能成像）,OCT检查并发症包括一过性ST段抬高（5例）和室颤（3例）,死亡1例,平均手术时间49.7±12.9 min,其中OCT检查耗时17.9±4.9 min,OCT共检测522 mm支架,定量测量4514个支架丝,其中66个存在贴壁不良,即刻支架贴壁不良率1.46%。结论利用冠脉内OCT技术可以有效评价支架术后即刻贴壁不良情况,安全性良好。     

线粒体偶联因子-6（CF6）与冠心病患者支架植入后内膜增生程度的关系

目的:研究冠心病不稳定型心绞痛患者支架植入术后CF6浓度变化与支架内膜增生程度的关系。方法:筛选符合入组条件的患者20例,入组患者于造影前、造影后即刻、支架植入术(Percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后即刻、术后1天、术后3天、术后7天、术后12个月后检测体内CF6的浓度,并于术后12个月行冠状动脉造影复查,用光学相干断层成像(Optical coherence tomography,OCT)检测内膜增生程度。结果:造影前和造影术后即刻患者血浆CF6水平没有明显差别(造影前CF6:215.65+14.39pg/m L,造影术后即刻CF6:216.75+14.40 pg/m L,P0.05)。PCI术后即刻血浆CF6浓度较造影前增高(231.75+13.2 pg/m L,P0.05),术后1天可达到高峰(262.4+14.06 pg/m L,P0.05),3天后有所下降(239.86+13.15 pg/m L,P0.05),但仍高于造影前水平,7天后可以恢复至造影前水平(222.4+15.06pg/m L,P0.05)。术后1年随访时,血浆CF6水平是221.05+14.82 pg/m L,平均内膜增生厚度为0.158+0.014mm,平均内膜面积为0.134+0.057 mm2,患者内膜增生厚度与支架植入1天后血浆CF6峰值呈正相关(r=0.819,P0.05)。内膜增生面积与PCI术后血浆CF6峰值水平正相关(r=0.729,P0.05)。结论:冠心病患者术后CF6浓度峰值越高,其支架内膜增生越厚。     

骨髓间充质干细胞捕获支架对犬冠状动脉再狭窄影响的研究

目的:观察骨髓间充质(MSCs)干细胞捕获支架能否预防和减少犬冠状动脉支架植入术后再狭窄.方法:①用乙基纤维素作为包被底物对支架进行包被,然后再包被骨髓间充质干细胞抗体.②以球囊损伤法建立犬冠状动脉狭窄模型,应用标准球囊导管技术,将包被有抗体的支架植入犬(n=20)冠状动脉前将支损伤段远端,再以相同方法在损伤段近端植入裸支架作为对照组(n=20).4w后处死动物,取出支架段血管行血管内超声(IVUS)及血管形态学检测分析血管管腔面积和内膜增生面积.结果:术后4周,骨髓间充质干细胞捕获支架组较裸支架组的最小管腔直径和新生内膜面积较明显减少(P<0.05),而最小管腔面积则明显增加(P<0.05).结论:骨髓间充质干细胞捕获支架能快速修复损伤的血管内膜,降低再狭窄的发生.     

超声、高分辨率磁共振成像技术在诊断评估兔颈动脉粥样硬化中的应用研究

目的利用超声、高分辨率磁共振成像(HRMRI)技术,分析评价兔颈动脉粥样硬化(AS)模型的病变程度,为颈动脉AS动物模型的诊断评估提供技术方法。方法取雄性日本大耳白兔18只,随机分为正常对照(NC)组和模型(Model)组,每组9只,模型组饲喂高胆固醇饲料2周后行右侧颈动脉球囊损伤术,术后继续高脂饲喂6周,建立兔颈动脉AS模型,NC组饲喂常规饲料至8周。造模4周、8周时检测血浆总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)并超声检查颈动脉,造模8周时行颈动脉高分辨率磁共振成像(HRMRI)检查,行安死术后取右侧颈总动脉行HE染色和油红"O"染色,评估颈动脉AS病变。结果与NC组比,模型组兔造模4周时血浆TC显著升高(P 0.05),8周时体重、血浆TC、TG均显著增加(P0.05,P0.01);超声结果显示,模型组兔的右侧颈总动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)、狭窄率、收缩期最高血流速度、血管阻力指数均随病变程度加深而显著增加(P0.05,P0.01),并可见狭窄和斑块形成; HRMRI结果亦显示,MIP成像可见右侧颈总动脉明显狭窄,3D-TOF成像可见模型组兔有明显的AS斑块且狭窄率显著增加(P0.01);组织病理学证实模型组兔颈总动脉有明显的AS斑块形成,IMT、狭窄率、脂质含量均比NC组显著增加(P0.01);相关性分析结果表明超声、HRMRI与HE染色的定量分析结果显著相关(P0.01)。结论超声和HRMRI技术均能无创检测诊断兔颈动脉粥样硬化模型的病变,但HRMRI更能清晰、直观地判断血管狭窄及AS斑块严重程度。     

敌百虫对兔食饵性动脉硬化加速作用

目的:观察低剂量敌百虫对高脂模型兔动脉粥样硬化的作用.方法:新西兰兔32只,随机分为A组:喂饲高脂高胆固醇饲料加敌百虫清晨空腹灌胃(18mg·kg-1·d-1);B 组:单纯喂饲高脂高胆固醇饲料.检测喂饲饲料前和喂饲后5周、10周、15周血清PON1、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和血糖(GLU):实验第5周、第10周每组处死5只兔,第15周处死全部剩余兔,取主动脉全段,苏丹Ⅳ染色,Photoshop系统测定粥样斑块面积占内膜面积的百分比:检测肝PON1活性及血管内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDRR).结果:喂饲高脂高胆固醇后,A组和B组动物的TC、TG、HDL、LDL、CRP、GLU水平明显增高,但A、B组检测值差异无显著意义(P＞0.05);血清PON1、肝PON1活性降低,但A组PON1活性明显低于B组(P＜0.05);A组和B组动物主动脉EDRR均降低,A组EDRR降低大于B((P＜0.05);喂饲高脂高胆固醇饲料各组动物主动脉均见粥样硬化斑块形成,但A组动脉粥样斑块面积/内膜面积百分比明显高于B组(P＜0.05).结论:敌百虫加速实验性高脂血症动物动脉粥样硬化斑块形成,其机制可能与降低PONl活性有关.     

超声造影技术评价兔腹主动脉斑块内新生血管形成及斑块稳定性的研究

目的:通过超声造影技术评价不同时间点兔主动脉粥样硬化斑块内新生血管的变化,并进一步判断斑块稳定性。方法:60只纯种新西兰大白兔随机分为4组,每组15只。正常对照组、高脂饲养组、球囊损伤组、球囊损伤联合高脂饲养组。分别于第8、14、20周进行超声造影检查,比较斑块及斑块内新生血管形成率。20周后抽血测定血脂及炎性因子水平。处死动物,取腹主动脉,HE染色观察斑块形态及组成成分,并统计各组存活率。结果:高脂饲养组与高脂饲养联合球囊损伤组血脂无显著差异,但明显高于对照组(P<0.05);高脂饲养联合球囊损伤斑块内新生血管明显多于单纯高脂饲养以及球囊损伤组(P<0.05)。HE染色提示高脂饲养联合球囊损伤组不稳定斑块明显多于单纯高脂饲养以及球囊损伤组。结论:超声造影可以明确动脉粥样硬化斑块内新生血管,并进一步判断斑块稳定性。     

诱导子宫内膜异位症患者子宫内膜上皮细胞调亡研究

目的:研究促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHα)对子宫内膜异位症(EMs)患者在位内膜蛋白表达的影响,为EMs的治疗提供依据。方法:94例EMs患者随机分为两组,每组47例,均实施腹腔镜手术治疗,对照组未给予药物治疗,观察组给予曲普瑞林皮下注射,28日/次,注射3次,术中及治疗三个月后观察组分别用取内膜器取少量子宫内膜组织标本,采用免疫组化法法、TUNEL染色法和Western blot检测组织内Bcl-2、Caspase3、GRP78等表达情况,并观察治疗效果。结果:治疗后观察组疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为(2.13±0.69)分,低于对照组的(2.62±0.71)分(P0.05);观察组1年内妊娠率及总妊娠率分别为38.30%、51.06%,均高于对照组的19.15%、29.79%(P0.05);治疗后观察组Bcl-2、Caspase3表达量分别为(1.54±0.28)、(3.20±0.65),均高于对照组的(1.38±0.15)、(1.24±0.27)(P0.05);治疗后观察组GRP78表达量为(0.46±0.17),低于对照组的(0.61±0.24)(P0.05)。结论:GnRHα可缓解EMs患者下腹痛、痛经、性交痛等症状,提高妊娠率,其机制可能与GnRHα调控上皮细胞Bcl-2、Caspase3、GRP78等的表达有关。     

氧化钛纳米管对即刻种植骨结合影响的实验研究

目的:评价氧化钛纳米管对犬即刻种植骨结合效果的影响。方法:犬拔牙后即刻将光滑表面(对照组)和氧化钛纳米管表面(实验组)种植体植入拔牙窝内,于12周后处死取材,进行显微CT扫描、组织学染色分析以及生物力学检测。结果:扫描电镜显示经过阳极氧化后,钛表面形成了直径为30-80纳米的纳米管状结构;12周后,显微CT扫描结果提示实验组骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数目(Tb.N)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)均显著高于对照组,骨小梁间隙(Tb.Sp)显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12周,实验组与对照组骨结合率分别为49.35±11.76%、31.79±13.07%,最大拔出力分别为105.28±27.87N、79.23±20.46N,实验组均显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:氧化钛纳米管表面有利于促进即刻种植后骨结合的效果。     

超声造影技术评价颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的临床研究

目的:探讨超声造影技术评价颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的临床价值,为动脉粥样硬化诊断准确性提供参考。方法:根据实时超声造影检查的回声图像特点将该院53例(59个斑块)颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者分为软斑组(24个)、混合斑组(18个)、硬斑组(17个),比较3组的造影增强率、造影增强程度分级,并对各类型斑块的时间-强度进行定量分析。结果:59个斑块中有40个呈现不同程度的增强,增强率为67.80%,其中软斑组、混合斑组、硬斑组超声增强率分别为87.50%、72.22%、35.29%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);造影增强程度Ⅰ级和Ⅲ级在三组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中硬斑组造影增强程度Ⅰ级个数较软斑组和混合斑组多,软斑组造影增强程度Ⅲ级个数较混合斑组和硬斑组多,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);软斑组达峰时间、平均渡越时间均低于混合斑组和硬斑组,斑块峰值强度高于混合斑组和硬斑组,混合斑组达峰时间、平均渡越时间均低于硬斑组,斑块峰值强度高于硬斑组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声造影技术可无创性地通过造影增强实时反映出颈动脉粥样硬化斑块内的新生血管情况,提供参数成像与定量分析,正确评价斑块的稳定性。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。