中国陕西铜川中三叠世二叠蝎蛉科两新属两新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述中国陕西中三叠统铜川组二叠蝎蛉科Permochoristidae Tillyard,1918 2新属及2新种:陕西蝎蛉属Shaanxichorista gen.nov.,何家坊陕西蝎蛉S.hejiafangensis sp.nov.和化石蝎蛉属Choristites gen.nov.,马廷生化石蝎蛉C.matinsoni sp.nov.,前一新属以其翅呈近三角形;Sc很长,伸达R端部,带3支脉;Rs与MA各自带2支;Rs MA主干明显短于MA;MP带5支,很早与Sc R MA汇合,之后与之分离,又与CuA汇合,形成一支合并脉M CuA;Pt不明显等特征与中蝎蛉属Mesochorista、秦蝎蛉属Qinochorista区别.后一新属以其翅呈近卵形;Sc、Rs很长,伸达R端部;Sc带6支脉;Rs与MA各自带2支;MA柄稍短于Rs MA主干;MA基部弯曲;MP带5支,基部弯曲,直接与CuA汇合,形成R MP CuA;Pt不明显等特征的脉序结构可与中蝎蛉属Mesocho-rista、里阿斯蝎蛉属Liassochorista明显区别.新属、种系陕西昆虫群(属中三叠世陕西生物群、也是陕西动物群的一个化石门类)铜川昆虫组合的新成员.时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期(或阶)(Ladinian Stage).     

中国陕西铜川中三叠世新直脉蝎蛉科一新属一新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述新直脉蝎蛉科1新属1新种Neorthophlebopsis qishuiheensis gen.et sp.nov.,并以其Sc很长,Rs与M分支同一水平,Rs1 2分支在Pt之前,M与CuA汇合,臀区3支粗壮横脉,呈一字斜形排列等特征与已知属相区别.新属种系铜川昆虫组合的新成员,属陕西昆虫群.化石标本采自陕西铜川中三叠统铜川组下段上部灰绿色泥页岩.铜川组的时代相当欧洲拉丁尼期(Ladinian Stage).     

中国陕西中三叠世直脉蝎蛉科和新直脉蝎蛉科新属、种(昆虫纲,长翅目)(英文)

记述直脉蝎蛉科两亚属的两新种和新直脉蝎蛉科1新属、种,并讨论其分类位置.这些新属种是本区独特的地方性类群,对地层划分与对比有一定的意义.化石标本采自陕西铜川中三叠统铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥页岩.这些新属种也是铜川昆虫组合的新成员,属陕西昆虫群(系陕西生物群的一个化石类别).根据陕西生物群的特征,其时代相当欧洲中三叠世拉丁期(Ladinian Stage).     

中国东北晚侏罗世蝎蛉化石研究

本文描述蝎蛉化石１新属４新种。新属Ｍｅｇａｂｉｔｔａｃｕｓ２新各,即Ｍｅｇａｂｉｔａｃｕｓ ｃｏｌｏｓｓｅｕｓ ｓｐ,ｎｏｖ。,Ｍｅｇａｂｉｔｔａｃｕｓ ｂｅｉｐｉａｏｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ,ｎｏｖ,新种Ｓｉｂｉｒｏｂｉｔｔａｃｕｓ ａｔａｌｕｓ ｓｐ,ｎｏｖ,属于现生的蚊蝎蛉科,新种Ｏｒｔｈｏｐｈｌｅｂｉａ ｌｉａｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ,ｎｏｖ,属于绝灭的直脉蝎蛉科。化石采于辽宁省北票我侏罗世义县级     

仙女蝎蛉科的最古老化石(昆虫纲,长翅目)在中国陕西首次发现

报道迄今仙女蝎蛉科的最古老化石(meropeids)在中国陕西发现.经研究确定1新属1新种:Sinothuama ladinica gen.et sp.,归入仙女蝎蛉科Meropeidae Handlisch,1906.此次这类化石的发现,其意义在于:首次发现迄今世界上仙女蝎蛉科的最古老化石(meropeids),从而打破了俄国学者发现最古老仙女蝎蛉化石在晚三叠世所保持30余年的纪录;并根据从晚三叠世至新生代中仙女蝎蛉化石的不同种类所反映出来的脉序变化特征,推论仙女蝎蛉早期分异于在三叠纪,继承和发展于侏罗纪.化石采自中国陕西铜川地区中三叠统铜川组(Tr2t),时代相当于欧洲标准时代的拉丁尼期(Ladinian stage).     

侏罗纪中阶普草蛉的修订及中生代草蛉科的演化*

普草蛉属Mesypochrysa Martynov,1927隶属于脉翅目草蛉科昆虫中的绝灭亚科篱草蛉亚科,是该科中最为古老的属.该属内种间的主要区分特征有前翅亚前缘基横脉0-2支;Rs支脉7-26支;m-cu横脉2、3支;CuA+MP末端4-7栉状分支;1A和2A二分叉或不分叉.该属的中阶普草蛉Mesypochrysa intermedia Panfilov,1980鉴定特征主要为前翅亚前缘基横脉1支;Rs约14分支;具1m-cu横脉;CuA+MP末端6栉状分支;1A和2A不分叉.该种此前已发现多块标本,均为前翅,仅有一块归于中阶普草蛉(近似种)Mesypochrysa cf.intermedia的残缺标本NIGP 161886保存有后翅.本文基于在中国内蒙古自治区赤峰市宁城县道虎沟村中侏罗统九龙山组地层中新发现的保存有近乎完整前后翅的标本,补充修订了中阶普草蛉的种征,并对中阶普草蛉(包括近似种)标本存在的问题,普草蛉属与中生代其他属的差异,以及该属内各物种的鉴定特征进行了讨论.     

中国东北晚侏罗世蝎蛉化石研究(长翅目:蚊蝎蛉科,直脉蝎蛉科)(英文)

本文描述蝎龄化石1新属4新种。新属Megabittacus2新种,即Megabittacuscolosseussp.nov.,Megabittacusbeipiaoensissp．nov,新种Sibirobittacusatalussp.nov.属于现生的蚊蝎蛉科,新种Orthophlebialiaoningensissp．nov．属于绝灭的直脉蝎蛉科。化石采于辽宁省北票市晚侏罗世义县组地层中。这些新的化石属种,其虫体特征包括触角、喙、足和翅脉特征均完整的保存。模式标本保存在中国地质博物馆。     

新疆准噶尔盆地侏罗纪的几种昆虫化石

新疆准噶尔盆地中生代陆相地层产有丰富的昆虫化石,已研究报道的计有8属19种,归于4目5科。其中,Protorthophlebia strigata Zhang,1996和Orthophlebia exculpta Zhang,1996产自乌苏上三叠统小泉沟群;Mesohagla xinjiangensis Zhang,1996,Protorthophlebia latipennis Tillyard,1933,Ortlwphlebia latebrosa Sukatsheva,1985,Orthophlebia colorata Zhang,1996,Mesopanorpa brodiei(Tillyard,1933)Martynova,1948,Mesopanorpa kuliki Martynova,1948,Mesopanorpa obscura(Martynov,1925)Martynov,1927,Mesopanorpa densa Zhang,1996,Mesopanorpa monstrosa Zhang,1996,Fletcheriana jurassica Zhang,1997,Plachutella exculpta Zhang,1997和Pseudocossus strenus Zhang,1997产自克拉玛依下侏罗统八道湾组;Ovivagina longa Zhang,1997,Ovivagina propinqua Zhang,1997和Ovivagina prolixa Zhang,1997产自沙湾县八道湾组;Ovivagina immediata Zhang,1997产自克拉玛依中侏罗统西山窑组。根据产自准噶尔盆地下侏罗统的同翅目昆虫盖翅标本,建立3新种,即产自沙湾县南安集海八道湾组的Procercopis shawanensis sp．nov．,产自克拉玛依吐孜沟八道湾组的Procercopina delicata sp．nov．,以及产自吉木萨尔县西大沟三工河组的Eofulgoridium tenellum sp．nov．。前两种归入原沫蝉科,最后一种归入短足蜡蝉科;这是Procercopis Martynov和Procercopina Martynov在中国的首次记录。Procercopis shawanensis与P．longipennis Becker Migdisova相似,区别在于新种R脉近末端有一短分支,Rs脉分叉一次,Rs与M脉之间只有一条横脉;Procsrcopina delicata与P．asiatica Martynov的区别在于新种横脉r-rs和r-m没有在一条线上,Rs脉分为2支,M脉后支简单;Eofulgoridium tenellum与E．kisylkiense Martynov的区别在于后者Sc脉在C脉与R脉的中间,M脉三分支。CuA脉在R脉主干分为R与Rs脉之前分叉。     

内蒙古道虎沟中侏罗世小蝎蛉科(昆虫纲,长翅目)昆虫化石

描述小蝎蛉科化石1新属2新种:多脉原始小蝎蛉Protochoristella polyneura gen.et sp.nov.,美丽原始小蝎蛉P.formosa gen.et sp.nov..简要讨论了小蝎蛉科的起源与演化.所有化石标本均采于内蒙古宁城道虎沟中侏罗世九龙山组地层,模式标本现保存于首都师范大学生命科学学院.     

河南省伏牛山蝎蛉记述：长翅目：蝎蛉科

本文报道了１９９６年７月河南省伏牛山昆虫考察中采到的蝎蛉科６种昆虫,其中蝎蛉属Ｐａｍｏｒ ｐａ４种,即大蝎蛉Ｐａｎｏｒ ｐａ ｍａｇｎａ Ｃｈｏｕ,六刺蝎蛉Ｐ．ｓｅｘｓｐｉｎａ Ｃｈｅｎｇ,华山蝎蛉Ｐ．ｅｍａｒｇｉｎａｔａ Ｃｈｅｎｇ和伏牛山蝎蛉Ｐ．ｆｕｎｉｕｓｈａｎａ Ｈｕａ ｅｔ Ｃｈｏｕ,ｓｐ．ｎ。新蝎蛉属Ｎｅｏ ｐａｎｏｒ ｐａ２种,即河南新蝎蛉Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒ ｐａ ｌｏｎｇｉｐｒｏｃｅ     

新疆准噶尔盆地中生代直脉科(昆虫纲,长翅目)昆虫化石

描述了采自新疆准噶尔盆地克拉玛依吐孜沟下侏罗统八道湾组和乌苏县四棵树煤矿之南哈尔沙拉上三叠统小泉沟群直脉科昆虫化石１０种。它们被归入３属，其中５种为新种，即：Ｏｒｔｈｏｐｈｌｅｂｉａｅｘｃｕｌｐｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，Ｏ．ｃｏｌｏｒａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，Ｍｅｓｏｐａｎｏｒｐａｄｅｎｓａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，Ｍ．ｍｏｎｓｔｒｏｓａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ｐｒｏｔｏｒｔｈｏｐｈｌｅｂｉａｓｔｒｉｇａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。对中国的直脉科昆虫进行了详细的讨论。     

Neue Mecopteren aus dem oberen Jura von Karatau (Kasachstan) (Insecta, Mecoptera: ‘Orthophlebiidae’)

Structures of the wings, legs and abdomen of three new species of Jurassic ‘Orthophlebiidae’ from Karatau in Kazachstan (Orthophlebia elenae, O. heidemariae, O. longicauda) are described in detail. On their hind legs, the males of two of the species have a so-called metatarsal organ of unknown function, which certainly is a synapomorphy.Orthophlebia longicauda is very similar to the Tertiary speciesHolcorpa maculosa, as they both possess a fork consisting of two long processes arising from the hind margin of abdominal segment 6 as well as an elongate abdomen. A female specimen ofO. elenae shows, in its 9th abdominal segment, the medigynium, a genital structure of major importance for reconstructing the phylogenetic position of Mecoptera. As in the Panorpodidae andHolcorpa, the medigynium ofO. elenae does not bear two tongue-shaped processes which are characteristic of the Panorpidae. This is the first time that female genitalia are described from a Mesozoic mecopteran species. The males of the three new species show the tergites and sternites of abdominal segments 6 to 8 to be unfused or incompletely fused, as the sclerites’ margins are still visible. This implies that contrary to earlier assumptions, completely fused sclerites in segment 8 leaving no trace of their delimitations are not a synapomorphy of the Panorpomorpha (= Eomeropidae,Apteropanorpa, Choristidae,Choristopanorpa and ‘Orthophlebiidae’ plus descendants).     

A recent class of chemosensory neurons developed in mouse and rat

In most animal species, the vomeronasal organ ensures the individual recognition of conspecifics, a prerequisite for a successful reproduction. The vomeronasal organ expresses several receptors for pheromone detection. Mouse vomeronasal type-2 receptors (V2Rs) are restricted to the basal neurons of this organ and organized in four families. Family-A, B and D (family ABD) V2Rs are expressed monogenically (one receptor per neuron) and coexpress with either Vmn2r1 or Vmn2r2, two members of family-C V2Rs. Thus, basal neurons are characterized by specific combinations of two V2Rs. To investigate this issue, we raised antibodies against all family-C V2Rs and analyzed their expression pattern. We found that six out of seven family-C V2Rs (Vmn2r2-7) largely coexpressed and that none of the anti-Vmn2r2-7 antibodies significantly stained Vmn2r1 positive neurons. Thus, basal neurons are divided into two complementary subsets. The first subset (Vmn2r1-positive) preferentially coexpresses a distinct group of family-ABD V2Rs, whereas the second subset (Vmn2r2-7-positive) coexpresses the remaining group of V2Rs. Phylogenetic reconstruction and the analysis of genetic loci in various species reveal that receptors expressed by this second neuronal subset are recent branches of the V2R tree exclusively present in mouse and rat. Conversely, V2Rs expressed in Vmn2r1 positive neurons, are phylogenetically ancient and found in most vertebrates including rodents. Noticeably, the more recent neuronal subset expresses a type of Major Histocompatibility Complex genes only found in murine species. These results indicate that the expansion of the V2R repertoire in a murine ancestor occurred with the establishment of a new population of vomeronasal neurons in which coexists the polygenic expression of a recent group of family-C V2Rs (Vmn2r2-7) and the monogenic expression of a recent group of family-ABD V2Rs. This evolutionary innovation could provide a molecular rationale for the exquisite ability in individual recognition and mate choice of murine species.     

Zur systematischen Stellung mesozoischer und tertiärer Mecopteren einschließlichEoses triassica Tindale (angeblich Lepidoptera) (Insecta,Holometabola)

Eoses triassica Tindale, by many authors regarded as the oldest representative of the Lepidoptera, is a member of the order Mecoptera.Orthophlebia reticulata (Handlirsch 1906), andO. latipennis (Handlirsch 1906) from the Upper Lias of Mecklenburg (Germany) are synonyms ofO. Limnophila (Handlirsch 1906).O. elegans (Handlirsch 1939) is a synonym ofO. vicina (Handlirsch 1939). TheOrthophlebioides-problem is discussed in the light of Handlirsch’s argumentation. Contrary to Handlirsch’s opinion this genus represents the hind wings ofOrthophlebia as previous authors suggested. Reasons are offered for the synonymy ofSynorthophlebia withOrthophlebia andMesopanorpa, respectively.Limfiordia from the Mo-clay of the Limfjord area (Denmark) is not a scorpion-fly but a member of the Fulgoriformes (Auchenorrhyncha).Parachorista Lin 1976 (nom. praeocc, nonParachorista Tillyard 1926) from the Jurassic of China does not belong to the Orthophlebiidae (Mecoptera) but to the Trichoptera.     

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW FOSSIL GENUS AND SPECIES HUAXIASCIOPHILITES JINGXIENSIS (DIPTERA: MESOSCIOPHILIDAE) FROM EARLY CRETACEOUS JINGXI BASIN OF BEIJING,CHINA*

Abstract A new fossil genus and species of the family Mesosciophilidae, Huaxiasciophilites jingxiensis gen. et sp. nov. is described. The fossils of the new genus and species were collected from the Early Cretaceous Lushangfen Formation (K⁴₁ 1) of Jingxi basin of Beijing China. The new genus is established based on the following characters: that Sc short, not exceed the forking of R and Rs, with branches; r‐m longer than basal part of Rs; Rs very thick and undee; and radial cell very short. The phylogenetic tree of Mesosciophilidae superimposed on the geological time scale was also analyzed. The holotype is deposited in the Beijing Forestry University.     

京西盆地早白垩世中生黏蚊一新属新种 (双翅目:中生黏蚊科)(英文)

记述了京西盆地早白垩世中生黏蚊一新属新种———京西华夏中生黏蚊Huaxiasciophilitesjingxiensisgen .etsp .nov.。新属区别于其它属的特征为 :Sc具分支 ;r m长于Rs基部之长 ;Rs明显呈波纹状 ;径室较小。化石采自卢尚坟村卢尚坟组昆虫的典型剖面 ,时代属早白垩世巴列姆期 (BarremianStage) ,归卢尚坟昆虫群。对其系统发育及在地史上的分布进行了初步探讨。模式标本保存于北京林业大学。     

辽宁义县组原蝎蛉科(昆虫纲,长翅目)化石一新种

描述原蝎蛉科化石1新种,优秀云状原蝎蛉Typhothauma excelsa sp.nov.。对新种与模式种做了比较。化石标本采自辽宁省北票市炒米甸村晚侏罗世/早白垩世义县组地层,模式标本保存于首都师范大学生命科学学院。