外源亚精胺对Hg2+胁迫下凤眼莲抗氧化系统的影响

通过Hoagland溶液培养实验,研究了外源亚精胺(Spd)(0.1 mmol?L-1)对Hg2+(0、10、20、30和40μmol?L-1)胁迫下凤眼莲叶片细胞内叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及抗氧化系统的调节作用.结果显示,(1)随Hg2+处理浓度的升高,各处理凤眼莲叶片叶绿素a(Chl a)和叶绿素b(Chl b)含量均先升后降,并均在10μmol?L-1时达到最高值,但外源Spd处理组显著高于相应对照.(2)各处理凤眼莲叶片可溶性蛋白含量随Hg2+处理浓度的升高也呈先升后降趋势,而可溶性糖含量则呈持续上升趋势,但外源Spd处理亦明显高于相应对照.(3)随Hg2+处理浓度的升高,抗氧化物质AsA和GSH含量及抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、POD、APX及GR活性也均呈先升后降的变化趋势,而外源Spd处理植株的含量和活性均显著高于相应对照.(4)各处理凤眼莲叶片的H2O2、MDA含量及O2?-产生速率随Hg2+处理浓度的升高均持续上升,但在外源Spd处理后均比对照组下降.研究表明,Hg2+胁迫使凤眼莲生长受到严重伤害,外源Spd可大幅度地提高其抗氧化物质含量和保护酶活性,从而增强凤眼莲抗Hg2+胁迫的能力.     

外源亚精胺对不同盐浓度下黄瓜幼苗可溶性蛋白表达的影响

采用营养液水培的方法,以黄瓜品种‘津春2号’为试材,研究了叶片喷施外源亚精胺(Spd)对不同浓度NaCl(0、50、75、100 mmo.lL-1)胁迫下幼苗植株可溶性蛋白表达的影响。结果表明,50 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫下植株叶片和根系中可溶性蛋白含量提高;75 mmol.L-1和100 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫明显降低了幼苗植株叶片和根系中可溶性蛋白的含量。不同浓度NaCl胁迫下喷施Spd后可溶性蛋白含量在根系中没有明显变化规律,而叶片可溶性蛋白含量提高。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对黄瓜幼苗根系可溶性蛋白分析表明,至少有3种分子量约为61.5、50、47 kD蛋白在50 mmo.lL-1和75 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫下表达量增强,但100 mmo.lL-1NaCl胁迫下变化不明显;50 mmol.L-1和75 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫下喷施Spd后61.5 kD和47 kD蛋白表达量明显减弱,50 kD蛋白甚至消失,100 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫下61.5 kD和47 kD蛋白无明显变化,50 kD蛋白反而增强。     

长期喷施ABA对云杉幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

采用单因素盆栽实验, 通过叶面喷施5、10、15和20 mg.L-1 4个浓度的ABA溶液, 研究了长期外源ABA处理对云杉(Picea asperata)幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。5年的研究结果表明: 长期不同浓度ABA处理显著影响了云杉幼苗的多种生长及生理生化指标。当ABA浓度为5、10和15 mg.L-1时有利于云杉幼苗根重、茎重和总生物量的积累, 并且提高了叶片中可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸的含量, 降低了MDA含量; 20 mg.L-1ABA处理使幼苗的叶重、总生物量、脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量显著下降,明显增加了叶片中MDA含量。此外, 各浓度ABA处理均显著降低了云杉幼苗的株高、叶绿素含量以及SOD和APX活性。本研究结果显示, 长期ABA处理对云杉幼苗生长和生理特性的影响与所喷施的ABA浓度有关, 长期高浓度ABA(20 mg.L-1)处理不利于云杉幼苗生长。     

氯化胆碱对盐胁迫黄瓜幼苗渗透调节物质及活性氧代谢系统的影响

以盐敏感型黄瓜品种津春4号为材料,采用水培方法研究了叶面喷施不同浓度(0.5、1.0和1.5 mmol·L-1)氯化胆碱(CC)对NaCl胁迫(75 mmol·L-1)下黄瓜幼苗鲜重、叶片叶绿素、渗透调节物质含量及活性氧代谢系统的影响.结果表明:(1)单独CC处理可提高黄瓜叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)与过氧化物酶(POD)活性,降低O2·-产生速率,但对植株鲜重及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性影响不大;(2)NaCl胁迫处理增加了黄瓜幼苗叶片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,增强了SOD、POD和CAT活性,提高了O2·-产生速率及丙二醛(MDA)的含量,但同时降低了叶绿素含量与植株鲜重;(3)盐胁迫前CC预处理可缓解黄瓜幼苗叶绿素含量和植株鲜重的下降、以及MDA含量和O2·-产生速率的上升趋势,且进一步提高了盐胁迫下黄瓜叶片中SOD、POD和CAT活性.因此,适宜浓度的氯化胆碱可显著提高盐胁迫下黄瓜叶片的抗氧化酶活性,提高清除活性氧的能力,缓解盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗细胞膜的伤害,增强黄瓜幼苗的耐盐性.     

甾类激素炔雌醇、炔诺酮和左炔诺孕酮对拟南芥根生长的影响

采用不同浓度的人工合成甾类激素炔雌醇、炔诺酮和左炔诺孕酮处理拟南芥幼苗,研究3种激素对其根生长和根中内源激素含量的影响.结果表明:(1)30μg?L-1炔雌醇处理显著促进主根的伸长、侧根数及侧根总长的增加,促进主根根毛数和地下部鲜重的增加,增大内源IAA和iPAs含量,以及IAA/iPAs比值;3 000μg?L-1炔雌醇处理则增加主根的弯曲度;(2)炔诺酮活性相对较弱,浓度为300μg?L-1时对主根长、侧根数、侧根总长的促进效果最大,IAA含量增加而iPAs含量降低,IAA/iPAs比值最大;3 000μg?L-1炔诺酮则引起主根弯曲,抑制根毛的生长,但促进侧根数和的地下部鲜重的增加;(3)左炔诺孕酮的活性较高,3μg?L-1时对拟南芥主根长、主根根毛数增加最为显著;300μg?L-1时对侧根数、根毛密度的增幅最大,IAA含量增加,IAA/iPAs比值最大;3 000μg?L-1时显著抑制主根的生长和侧根的生成.     

不同黄瓜品种幼苗对等渗Mg（NO3）2和NaCl胁迫的生理响应

以3个不同类型的黄瓜品种为试材,采用营养液培养方法,研究等渗Mg(NO3)2和Na Cl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长、叶片膜脂过氧化、抗氧化酶活性以及渗透调节物质的影响,采用隶属函数法对其耐盐性进行综合评价.结果表明:与对照相比,60、80 mmol·L-1Mg(NO3)2和等渗90、120 mmol·L-1Na Cl胁迫下,随盐浓度的增加,3种不同生态类型的黄瓜品种幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部和地下部干鲜质量及抗氧化酶活性显著降低,盐浓度越高,受抑制程度越高,丙二醛含量显著升高、增幅变大,膜脂过氧化程度加重,其中‘SJ31-1’的生物量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降幅度及丙二醛含量上升幅度均小于其他品种.等渗浓度的Mg(NO3)2比Na Cl对黄瓜幼苗的抑制程度大,浓度越大差异越显著.脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量变化存在基因型和盐类型的差异.盐胁迫后,‘SJ31-1’的脯氨酸含量增幅最大,‘鲁白19号’的可溶性糖含量增幅最大,‘新泰密刺’介于两者之间.Na Cl胁迫下,不同黄瓜品种渗透调节物质以可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白为主,而Mg(NO3)2胁迫下以脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白为主.不同黄瓜品种耐盐性的综合评价次序为‘SJ31-1’>‘新泰密刺’>‘鲁白19号’.     

外源激素对马尾松花芽分化及内源物质的影响

为探讨马尾松球花形成与植物激素水平的关系,该研究对贵州省都匀无性系种子园11年生马尾松进行不同浓度的 IAA、IBA、GA3、BAP等植物激素处理,采用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法、蒽酮法分别对不同浓度不同激素处理后的枝条上针叶中的可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量变化进行测定,并在第二年开花时对试验枝条的开花情况进行了调查。结果表明：在8－11月份,进行500 mg·L-1的BAP 处理有利于马尾松雌球花和雄球花的形成,100 mg·L-1的GA3处理有利于马尾松雌球花的形成;而GA3250 mg·L-1和GA3500 mg·L-1处理有利于马尾松雄球花的形成,IAA 250 mg·L-1对马尾松雌雄球花同枝的数量有提高作用。在10－11月份,对马尾松进行500 mg·L-1的BAP、IAA、GA3处理后,马尾松针叶内蛋白质含量变化有显著影响;在10月份时,进行BAP 100 mg·L-1处理后,其可溶性糖含量及可溶性蛋白含量均可达到极显著水平。而在8月份与10月份时,分别进行IBA 100 mg·L-1与IBA 250 mg·L-1处理后,其可溶性蛋白含量与其对照差异处于极显著水平;在11月份时,进行GA3100 mg·L-1处理后,其可溶性蛋白含量与其对照差异处于极显著水平;而在11月份时,进行IBA 500 mg·L-1处理后,其可溶性蛋白含量与对照差异处于显著水平。     

NaCl和壳聚糖对百里香不定芽增殖及其生理指标的影响

以离体培养的百里香不定芽为材料,研究了添加不同浓度NaCl和壳聚糖对不定芽增殖及生理指标的影响.结果显示:添加0.25～1.0 g·L-1 NaCl和0.1～0.2 g·L-1壳聚糖都能不同程度促进不定芽的增殖,其中以添加0.5 g·L-1 L NaCl和0.2 g·L-1壳聚糖的增殖效果最佳,增值系数比对照分别显著增加39.78%和45.01%.0.5 g·L-1 NaCl和0.2 g·L-1壳聚糖处理的不定芽增殖过程中,其可溶性蛋白含量先上升后下降,其峰值分别比对照增加38.31、22.78 μg·g-1,而可溶性糖含量则先下降后上升,其峰值分别比对照高0.16、1.29 mg·g-1;不定芽增殖过程中SOD活性呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,而POD活性的变化为先下降后上升,CAT活性则一直呈缓慢下降的趋势,但它们的活性较对照均有所提高.研究表明,添加0.5 g·L-1 NaCl和0.2 g·L-1壳聚糖都能显著提高不定芽的增殖能力,并能很好地调节自身营养物质含量和保护酶系统活性,维持不定芽正常的生理代谢功能,使之表现出更强的增殖能力.     

四季竹对大气臭氧浓度升高的生理响应

运用开顶式同化箱(OTCs)在5个O3浓度梯度(过滤大气CF、环境大气NF、50 nL·L-1、100 nL·L-1和150nL·L-1)下,研究了大气O3浓度对四季竹(Oligostachyum lubricum)叶片光合色素、脂质过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响.结果显示:在胁迫处理90 d时,随着O3浓度的升高,四季竹叶片叶绿素(Chl)、类胡萝卜素(Car)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量呈持续下降趋势,相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量持续升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性先升高后降低,过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈升高趋势.与CF相比,四季竹叶片Chl、Car和MDA含量在O3浓度为100 nL·L-1时均有显著差异,在150 nL·L-1时均有极显著差异;相对电导率、SOD和POD活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量在O3浓度为100 nL·L-1及以上时均有极显著差异.研究表明,大气长时间高O3浓度(100 nL·L-1及以上)胁迫对四季竹会产生明显伤害效应,致使其叶片光合色素降解或合成受阻,叶片老化加快,膜脂过氧化程度加剧,膜结构和抗氧化系统遭到破坏.     

硅对连作黄瓜幼苗光合特性和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以‘津研四号’黄瓜品种为试材,研究了叶面喷施不同浓度硅(Si)(0、1、2、3、4、5mmol·L-1)对连作黄瓜幼苗生长、光合特性和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:在一定浓度(1~3 mmol·L-1Si)范围内,施Si可降低幼苗叶片电解质渗漏率(EL)和丙二醛(MDA)含量;提高叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、类胡萝卜素(Car)和总叶绿素含量,叶片净光合速率(Pn)升高;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均有所提高;黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积及干物质积累量增加.随施Si浓度的进一步增加(4~5 mmol·L-1),叶片中EL和MDA含量升高,但仍低于对照;抗氧化酶活性和光合作用下降,幼苗生长受到显著抑制.说明外源Si可通过提高黄瓜幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性来降低膜脂过氧化,通过增加光合作用来提高黄瓜幼苗长势,进而增强对连作障碍的抗性.以2 mmol·L-1Si处理效果最好.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.