用4个微卫星标记分析7个绵羊群体之间的遗传关系

分析了4个微卫星基因座BM143、OarHH35、OarAE101、BMS2508在7个绵羊群体(小尾寒羊、湖羊、乌珠穆沁羊、萨福克羊、多赛特羊、夏洛来羊、多赛特公羊×小尾寒羊母羊F1代杂种羊)286只绵羊中的遗传多态性。结果表明,这4个微卫星标记在7个绵羊群体中的等位基因数分别为9、11、14和9,其多态信息含量/有效等位基因数/杂合度分别为0 7073/3 7231/0 7314、0 8267/6 4399/0 8447、0 5743/2 5178/0 6028、0 6172/3 0712/0 6744,其中OarHH35的遗传变异最大,OarAE101最小。7个绵羊群体中小尾寒羊的遗传变异最大,湖羊的最小。基于Nei氏DA距离和DS标准遗传距离,采用UPGMA方法构建了系统发生树。该发生树将中国地方品种(小尾寒羊、乌珠穆沁羊、湖羊)和法国的夏洛来羊归为一类,将F1杂种羊、英国品种(萨福克羊和多赛特羊)归为另一类。绵羊微卫星基因分型技术为检查品种(群体)之间的遗传关系提供了一个有用的工具。     

小尾寒羊4个微卫星座位的克隆及序列分析

小尾寒羊是我国优良的地方绵羊品种 ,具有极高的繁殖力 ,平均每胎产羔 2 6只。利用与Booroola绵羊高繁殖力主效基因 FecB连锁的 4个微卫星座位 OarAE10 1、OarHH35、BM14 3和BMS2 5 0 8对小尾寒羊、多赛特羊、多赛特公羊×小尾寒羊母羊杂一代羔羊 3个绵羊群体 15 9只绵羊进行了遗传检测 ,证实了微卫星DNA的共显性遗传特性。用非变性 (中性 )聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测微卫星的PCR扩增产物。对小尾寒羊 4个微卫星座位 6个克隆的PCR扩增片段测序获得的序列已被GenBank接受 ,登录号分别为AF394 4 4 5、AF394 4 4 6、AF394 4 4 7、AF394 4 4 8、AF394 4 4 9、AF394 4 5 0。本研究中小尾寒羊微卫星OarAE10 1的测序结果与GenBank登录的绵羊OarAE10 1序列的同源性为 98% ,小尾寒羊微卫星OarHH35的测序结果与GenBank登录的绵羊OarHH35序列的同源性为 99% ,小尾寒羊微卫星BM14 3的测序结果与GenBank登录的牛BM14 3序列的同源性为 95 % ,小尾寒羊微卫星BMS2 5 0 8的测序结果与GenBank登录的牛BMS2 5 0 8序列的同源性为 95 %。测得的小尾寒羊微卫星OarAE10 1、OarHH35、BM14 3和BMS2 5 0 8均为完全的微卫星 (TG) n。这些结果可为小尾寒羊种质特性研究提供分子基础数据     

微卫星标记OarAE101和BM1329承五个绵羊品种中的初步研究

选择与Booroola羊高繁殖力主效基因FecB紧密连锁的两个微卫星标记OarAE101和BM1329,分析其在小尾寒羊、湖羊、夏洛来羊、乌珠穆沁羊、多赛特羊和多赛特公羊×小尾寒羊母羊杂一代中的多态分布情况.结果表明微卫星标记OarAE101在5个绵羊品种中的等位基因数为5或4,BM1329在5个绵羊品种中的等位基因数均为4,OarAE101/BM1329在小尾寒羊、湖羊、夏洛来羊、乌珠穆沁羊、多赛特羊和多赛特公羊×小尾寒羊母羊杂一代中的多态信息含量值分别为0.57/0.54、0.62/0.67、0.61/0.59、0.62/0.66、0.56/0.67和0.62/0.68.小尾寒羊OarAE101基因型为107bp/113bp所对应的产羔数最小二乘平均值显著高于基因型为109bp/109bp和107bp/111bp所对应的最小二乘平均值(P＜0.05),产羔数最小二乘平均值在OarAE101其余基因型之间没有显著差异;OarAE101等位基因107bp与小尾寒羊产羔数有显著正相关,109bp和111bp与小尾寒羊产羔数有显著负相关.小尾寒羊BM1329基因型为146bp/158bp所对应的产羔数最小二乘平均值都显著高于其余3种基因型所对应的最小二乘平均值(P＜0.05),产羔数最小二乘平均值在BM1329其余3种基因型之间没有显著差异;BM1329等位基因146bp与小尾寒羊产羔数有显著正相关,148bp与小尾寒羊产羔数有显著负相关.     

我国主要地方绵羊品种随机扩增多态DNA研究

对蒙古羊、湖羊、滩羊、小尾寒羊、乌珠穆沁羊、藏绵羊、阿勒泰羊7个地方绵羊品种和无角陶赛特羊、德国美利奴羊、萨福克羊3个引入品种基因组DNA进行了RAPD分析。结果表明：（1）RAPD可作为一种有效的标记用于绵羊品种之间遗传亲缘关系的分析。（2）在所使用的43种随机引物中,有35种引物扩增出多态谱带,多态频率为66.24%,说明RAPD技术用于研究绵羊核DNA的遗传变异具有较高的检出率和灵敏度。（3）总群体平均遗传多样性指数（HSP）为0.9139,说明绵羊群体具有较为丰富的遗传多样性。（4）我国地方绵羊品种间的分子聚类关系与其所处的地理位置、考古学结果,以及细胞遗传学研究结果基本一致,引入品种间的分子聚类关系也与其育成史基本一致。 Abstract:The genetic polymorphism and relationship of 7 indigenous sheep breeds of China and 3 imported sheep breeds were studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).The results indicated that the RAPD was an effective marker for the analysis of genetic relationship among sheep breeds.Among 43 arbitrary primers,35 were polymorphic.The percentage of polymorphic markers was 66.24%,which indicated that the RAPD had higher efficiency of polymorphism detection and sensitivity in studying the genetic variation among sheep breeds.The average index of genetic polymorphism for whole population (Hsp) was 0.9139,which showed that the genetic polymorphism was abundant between sheep populations.The genetic relationship between different indigenous sheep breeds in China was in accord with their localities,the results from archeology and cytogenetics and the genetic relationship between imported sheep breeds was in accord with their breeding history.     

小尾寒羊五个微卫星基因座遗传多态性研究

小尾寒羊是我国优良的地方绵羊品种,具有极高的繁殖力,平均每胎产羔2．6只。利用与绵羊高繁殖力主效基因Fec^B和FecX^1连锁的5个微卫星标记（OarAE101,BM1329,BMS2508,TGLA54t TGLA68)对244小尾寒羊母羊进行了遗传检测。用非变性（中性）聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测同卫星的PCR扩增产物,计算了5个同卫星基因座的等位基因频率,多态信息含量,基因纯合度和杂合度。在小尾寒羊中检测到BM1329有6个等位基因,片段大小为160－180bp,164bp等位基因频率最高（0．6320）;检测到OarAE101有9个等位基因,片段大小为97－135bp,97bp等位基因频率最高（0．7930）;检测到TGLA54有5个等位基因,片段大小为116－136bp,134bp等位基因频率最高（0．8500）;检测到TGLA68有2个等位基因,片段大小为98－100bp,2个等位基因频率相近,检测到BMS2508有6个等位基因,片段大小为93－115bp,99bp等位基因频率最高（0．4795）。BM1329,OarAE101,TGLA54,TGLA68,BMS2508的多态信息含量／基因纯合度／杂合度分别为0．4481／0．4840．0．5160,0．3516／0．6375／0．3625,0．2528／0．7326／0．2674,0．3733／0．5034／0．4966,0．5809／0．3581／0．6419。可见BMS2508的遗传变异最大,TGLA54的遗传变异最小。这些结果可为小尾寒羊种质特性研究提供分子基础数据。     

湖羊、同羊12个同工酶座位的检测

Gene frequencies of Hu sheep and Tong sheep were obtained with “Random sampling in typical colonies of a central area“.of the 12 loci tested in Hu shpee.11 loci were polymorphic.Reliability of the estimated frequencies of 27 alleles reached 0.95 except for Po^F,Tf^A,Tfd,Hb-β^A and CAF which had reliabilities of 0.5222,0.7478,0.5222,0.6212 and 0.899,respectively,Of the 12 loci tested in Tong sheep,11 loci were polymorphic.Reliability of the estimated frequency of 25 alleles reached 0.95 except for Tf^A,Tf^E and CAF which had reliabilities of 0.931,0.6922 and 0.7924,respectively.The average heterozygosity(H) and average homozygosity(J) was computed and the J of the two sheep colonies was 0.6619 and 0.6448,respectively.Consistent with our conclusions based on genetic data,previous research divided the native sheep populations of East and South Central Asia into three group:the “mongolian group“ “south-Asian group“and “European group“ .Consequently,the degree of genetic similarity between populations and known groups would seem to provide a reliable means of determining the genetic relationships between populations and may reflect the true genetic origin of Hu sheep and Tong sheep in China.     

Genetic polymorphisms of nine X-STR loci in four population groups from Inner Mongolia, China

Nine short tandem repeat （STR） markers on the X chromosome （DXS101, DXS6789, DXS6799, DXS6804, DXST132, DXST133, DXS7423, DXS8378, and HPRTB） were analyzed in four population groups （Mongol, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Daur） from Inner Mongolia, China, in order to learn about the genetic diversity, forensic suitability, and possible genetic affinities of the populations. Frequency estimates, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and other parameters of forensic interest were computed. The results revealed that the nine markers have a moderate degree of variability in the population groups. Most heterozygosity values for the nine loci range from 0.480 to 0.891, and there are evident differences of genetic variability among the populations. A UPGMA tree constructed on the basis of the generated data shows very low genetic distance betweent Mongol and Han （Xi＇an） populations. Our results based on genetic distance analysis are consistent with the results of earlier studies based on linguistics and the immigration history and origin of these populations. The minisatellite loci on the X chromosome studied here are not only useful in showing significant genetic variation between the populations, but also are suitable for human identity testing among Inner Mongolian populations.     

边际多样性方法及其在绵羊品种保护中的应用

本文介绍了边际多样性方法,并利用微卫星DNA遗传距离、灭绝概率等结果分析了中国北方11个绵羊品种的品种贡献率、边际多样性及保护潜力。结果表明,苏尼特羊(Sunite sheep)的边际多样性最高（－0.2008）,其次为滩羊(Tan sheep)(－0.1932)、兰州大尾羊(Lanzhou large tailed sheep)(－0.1843);岷县黑裘皮羊(Minxian black fur sheep)最低（－0.1268）。保护潜力最大的品种为兰州大尾羊（0.1419）,其次为同羊(Tong sheep)（0.1017）,最小的为小尾寒羊(Small tailed Han sheep)（0.0365）。根据边际多样性方法,作者认为确定需要保护的品种应该依据最大保护潜力而不是品种的濒危程度。11个绵羊品种的保护顺序依次是兰州大尾羊、同羊、汉中羊(Hanzhong sheep)、甘家羊(Ganjia sheep)、欧拉羊(Oula sheep)、岷县黑裘皮羊、乔科羊(Qiaoke sheep)、苏尼特羊、乌珠穆沁羊(Ujumqin sheep)和小尾寒羊。     

Genetic polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA HVS-I and HVS-Ⅱ of Chinese Tu ethnic minority group

We analyzed the two hypervariable segments HVS-Ⅰ and HVS-Ⅱ of 108 Chinese Tu ethnic minority group samples for forensic and population genetics purposes.Comparing with Anderson sequence,79 polymorphic loci in HVS-Ⅰ and 40 in HVS-Ⅱ were found in Chi-nese Tu ethnic minority group mtDNA sequences,and 90 and 64 haplotypes were then defined.Haplotype diversity and the mean pair-wise differences were 0.9903±0.0013 and 5.7785 in HVS-Ⅰ,and 0.9777±0.0013 and 3.5819 in HVS-Ⅱ,respectively.By analyzing the hypervariable domain from nucleotide 1,6180 to 1,6193 in HVS-Ⅰ,we defined some new types of sequence variations.We also compared the relationship between Tu population and other populations using mtDNA HVS-Ⅰ sequences.According to Rst genetic distances,the phylogenetic tree showed that the Tu population,the Xi'an Han population,the Chinese Korean,and the Mongol ethnic group were in a clade.This indicated a close genetic relationship between them.There were far relations between the Tu population and other Chinese southern Han populations,Siberian,European,African,and other foreign populations.The results suggest that Tu population has a multi-origin and has also merged with other local populations.     

3个山羊群体中4个微卫星DNA多态性及其与杂种优势的关系

利用4个微卫星标记（OarFCB11,OarAE101,McM218,McM38）对波尔山羊、太行山羊和河北奶山羊的等位基因频率、群体多态信息含量、有效等位基因数、杂合度和遗传距离进行了遗传检测,并测定了波尔山羊与河北奶山羊及太行山羊的杂交效果。结果表明：4个微卫星标记在波尔山羊、太行山羊和河北奶山羊3个品种中存在多态性,可以用于山羊遗传多样性的评估;从不同品种来看,太行山羊的遗传变异程度最大,而波尔山羊的遗传变异程度相对较小;波尔山羊与河北奶山羊的遗传距离大于与太行山羊,波尔山羊与河北奶山羊的杂种优势高于与太行山羊,与实际杂种优势测定结果相符。 Abstract: Gene frequency, polymorphism information contents, number of effective alleles, heterozygosity and genetic distances were studied in Boer goat, Taihang goat and Hebei dairy goat using four microsatellite markers（OarFCB11,OarAE101,McM218,McM38）. The crossing effects on Hebei dairy goat and Taihang goat with Boer goat were tested. The results indicated that there are genetic polymorphisms at four microsatellite markers in three goat breeds. Four microsatellite markers can be used for genetic diversity evaluation in goat breeds. The genetic variability of Taihang goat is the highest, and Boer goat is the lowest in three goat breeds. Genetic distances between Boer goat and Hebei dairy goat is bigger than that between Boer goat and Taihang goat. The heterosis between Boer goat and Hebei dairy goat is higher than that between Boer goat and Taihang goat. It accords with testing results on actual heterosis.