Cox-2、P504s、CK34βE12和P63在前列腺腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究Cox-2、P504s、CK34βE12和P63在前列腺腺癌组织中的表达及其临床病理学意义。方法：用免疫组织化学法检测134例正常前列腺、良性前列腺增生和前列腺腺癌石蜡包埋组织中Cox-2、P504s、CK34βE12和P63的表达。结果：正常前列腺组织或良性前列腺增生组织未见或偶见P504s弱表达,但CK34βE12和P63均表达良好;前列腺腺癌组织中P504s表达良好,但CK34βE12和P63均表达消失,P504s表达阳性率为91．07％;与正常前列腺组和良性前列腺增生组相比,前列腺癌组的P504s阳性表达率存在显著性差异（p=0．001）。COX-2在正常的前列腺组织几乎不表达,而良性前列腺增生组织及前列腺腺癌组织均可见阳性表达,阳性率分别为4．76％和80．36％;COX．2阳性表达率在正常前列腺组或良性前列腺增生组和前列腺腺癌组间有显著性差异（p=0．0027）。COX-2与P504s表达存在相关性（r=0．377,P=0．039）;COX-2的表达与年龄、临床分期、分化程度、有无远处转移等临床病理特征间无明显相关关系。结论：联合P504s、P63、CK3413E12和COX-2免疫组化检测可提高前列腺腺癌病理诊断的准确率。     

Cox-2、P504s、CK3413E12和P63在前列腺腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究Cox-2、P504s、CK34βE12和P63在前列腺腺癌组织中的表达及其临床病理学意义.方法:用免疫组织化学法检测134例正常前列腺、良性前列腺增生和前列腺腺癌石蜡包埋组织中Cox-2、P504s、CK34βE12和P63的表达.结果:正常前列腺组织或良性前列腺增生组织未见或偶见P504s弱表达,但CK34βE12和P63均表达良好;前列腺腺癌组织中P504s表达良好,但CK34βE12和P63均表达消失,P504s表达阳性率为91.07%;与正常前列腺组和良性前列腺增生组相比.前列腺癌组的P504s阳性表达率存在显著性差异(p=0.001).COX-2在正常的前列腺组织几乎不表达,而良性前列腺增生组织及前列腺腺癌组织均可见阳性表达,阳性率分别为4.76%和80.36%;COX-2阳性表达率在正常前列腺组或良性前列腺增生组和前列腺腺癌组间有显著性差异(p=0.0027).COX-2与P504s表达存在相关性(r=0.377,P=0.039);COX-2的表达与年龄、临床分期、分化程度、有无远处转移等临床病理特征间无明显相关关系.结论:联合P504s、P63、CK34βE12和COX-2免疫组化检测可提高前列腺腺癌病理诊断的准确率.     

P63/34βE12/P504S Envision两步法在常规免疫组化工作中的应用

前列腺癌诊断时的免疫组化标记研究,从最初的P63、34βE12、P504S法单标记,到鸡尾酒混合-抗法,P63（34βE12）／P504S双标双染法,再到Jiang等提出P63／34βE12／P504S三标双染记法等,其研究方法学经过不断改进,诊断效率得到很大提高。     

P504s、p63和HMWCK在前列腺病变鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:研究P504s、p63和HMWCK在前列腺病变鉴别诊断中的应用.方法:对93例不同的前列腺病变标本采用免疫组织化学方法观测P504s、p63和HMWCK的表达.结果:P504s在前列腺癌中高表达,正常前列腺组织基本不表达,在前列腺上皮内瘤变(PIN)及不典型增生(AAH)组织中可散在弱表达;p63和HMWCK正常前列腺组织表达,而在前列腺癌则没有或少量表达.结论:采用三种组合式抗体在同一张切片中直接观察各种病变,有助于前列腺病变的诊断和鉴别诊断.     

高级别前列腺上皮内瘤(HGPIN)的研究新进展

前列腺上皮内瘤(HGPIN)分为低级别上皮内瘤与高级别上皮内瘤,目前高级别前列腺上皮内瘤是公认的前列腺腺癌的癌前病变,在形态学、遗传学和分子生物学特点上和前列腺癌有许多相似之处。其病因仍不明,临床上影像学检查和实验室检查对其诊断帮助不大,其诊断主要依靠病理组织学检查,包括前列腺穿刺活检与手术切除的组织。免疫组织化学染色应用P504S、P63、34βE12有助于和前列腺癌相鉴别。而首次穿刺活检诊断为HGPIN的患者应定期复查血PSA和定期行增加穿刺针数的活检,是否对HGPIN行前列腺癌的治疗方法尚存在争议,本文对高级别前列腺上皮内瘤的研究进展做综述如下。     

高级别前列腺上皮内瘤（HGPIN）的研究新进展

前列腺上皮内瘤（HGPIN）分为低级别上皮内瘤与高级别上皮内瘤,目前高级别前列腺上皮内瘤是公认的前列腺腺癌的癌前病变,在形态学、遗传学和分子生物学特点上和前列腺癌有许多相似之处。其病因仍不明,临床上影像学检查和实验室检查对其诊断帮助不大,其诊断主要依靠病理组织学检查,包括前列腺穿刺活检与手术切除的组织。免疫组织化学染色应用P504S、P63、34茁E12 有助于和前列腺癌相鉴别。而首次穿刺活检诊断为HGPIN 的患者应定期复查血PSA和定期行增加穿刺针数的活检,是否对HGPIN 行前列腺癌的治疗方法尚存在争议,本文对高级别前列腺上皮内瘤的研究进展做综述如下。     

经直肠剪切波弹性成像技术联合血清CEA、PSA、FPSA对前列腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值研究

摘要 目的：研究经直肠剪切波弹性成像技术（TRSWE）联合血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、游离前列腺特异性抗原（FPSA）对前列腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法：选取合肥市第二人民医院2019年1月～2022年6月收治的90例前列腺病变患者,根据病理检查分为前列腺癌组（47例）和前列腺良性病变组（43例）。对所有前列腺病变患者均行TRSWE检查,分析前列腺良恶性病变的图像差异以及弹性模量最大值（Emax）、弹性模量平均值（Emean）。检测所有前列腺病变患者的血清CEA、PSA、FPSA水平并进行对比。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析明确Emax值、Emean值以及血清CEA、PSA、FPSA水平联合诊断前列腺良恶性病变的效能。结果：前列腺癌组Emax值、Emean值均高于前列腺良性病变组（均P＜0.05）。前列腺癌组血清CEA、PSA及FPSA水平均高于前列腺良性病变组（均P＜0.05）。经ROC曲线分析发现,Emax值、Emean值以及血清CEA、PSA、FPSA水平联合检测诊断前列腺良恶性病变的效能优于上述5项指标单独检测。结论：TRSWE联合血清CEA、PSA、FPSA对前列腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值较高,可有效提升前列腺癌的检出率,可能值得临床推广应用。     

前列腺疾病的MRI诊断

本文总结和分析了37例前列腺良性肥大、结节性增生和13例前列腺癌的MRI表现。提出了前列腺良性肥大、前列腺癌和前列腺良性增生结节与前列腺癌结节的诊断和鉴别诊断要点。分析了前列腺癌MRI临床分期的价值。文章认为MRI的软组织分辨力高,成像参数多、成像平面多,在诊断前列腺疾病中有相当的地位。尤其在前列腺癌的分期中有重要的作用,可协助临床制订合适的治疗方案。但MRI在良恶性前列腺结节的鉴别中仍有不足,二者的形态和信号有部份重叠交叉,妨碍了MRI做出准确的判断。最后的确诊仍依赖穿刺活捡取得病理诊断。     

CyclinD1、CDK4、P16和结核菌L型感染在前列腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨CyclinD1、CDK4和P16在前列腺癌中的表达以及结核菌L型感染率及临床意义。方法应用免疫组化和抗酸染色等方法检测了65例前列腺癌（carcinoma of prostate,PCa）和30例良性前列腺增生（benignprostatic hyperplasia,BPH）中的CyclinD1、CDK4和P16的表达,以及结核菌L型的检出率。并对前列腺肿瘤主要临床资料和病理分级参数进行比较,用χ^2检验进行统计学处理。结果 CyclinD1、CDK4阳性表达前列腺癌明显高于前列腺增生（P〈0.01）;并与前列腺癌的临床分期、病理分级及淋巴结转移差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01-0.05）呈正相关。P16阳性表达前列腺增生明显高于前列腺癌（P〈0.01）;与前列腺癌的临床分期、病理分级及淋巴结转移差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01-0.05）呈负正相关。结核菌L型检出率前列腺癌明显高于前列腺增生;与前列腺癌的临床分期、病理分级及淋巴结转移差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 CyclinD1、CDK4和P16在前列腺肿瘤中不同程度异常表达以及结核菌L型检出率与肿瘤的临床分期、病理分级和转移相关,因此研究CyclinD1、CDK4和P16的阳性表达和结核菌L型感染与前列腺癌发生发展中可能有协同作用,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

促红细胞生成素和受体在前列腺癌组织中共同过表达的研究

目的:探讨促红细胞生成素(EPO)和受体(EPOR)在前列腺癌(PCa)组织中的表达,并进一步阐述EPO和EPOR在前列腺癌发生发展中所起的作用。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测30例前列腺癌根治术组织标本中癌与增生(BPH)组织的EPO和EPOR表达及30例正常前列腺组织(NP)中的EPO和EPOR表达。前列腺癌分级采用Gleason评分。半定量EPO和EPOR评分分析免疫组化结果。同时根据细胞染色强度区分为过表达和正常表达。统计学分析采用配对样本比较Wilcoxon的秩和检验及线形回归分析。结果:大部分前列腺癌均可见EPO和EPOR同时过表达,但是前列腺增生组织只有EPO过表达;正常前列腺组织没有EPO和EPOR过表达。前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生的EPO免疫组化评分中位数为2.38和0.93(P<0.01);前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生的EPOR免疫组化评分中位数为2.50和0.68(P<0.01)。前列腺增生和前列腺癌的EPO和EPOR表达密切相关,但是前列腺癌的Gleason评分和EPO以及EPOR评分没有相关性(P值均>0.05)。结论:EPO和EPOR同时过表达促进前列腺癌发生发展,但是相对于EPO的过表达,EPOR过表达是前列腺癌发生更为重要的早期事件;前列腺癌组织中EPO和EPOR表达差异,提示除了缺氧外,可能还有其它机制参与EPOR的过表达。     

Expression of cytokeratin 19 and protein p63 in fine needle aspiration biopsy of papillary thyroid carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the immunocytochemical distribution of CK19 and p63 on archival cytologic smears of 27 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), 22 benign thyroid lesions and 5 malignant non-PTC lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Archival cytologic smears of 27 papillary carcinomas, 22 benign thyroid lesions and 5 malignant nonpapillary carcinomas were processed for immunocytochemical detection of CK19 and p63, and results were compared. RESULTS: CK19 showed strong cytoplasmic staining in 22/27 fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of PTCs, in 5 benign lesions and in 4 malignant lesions of the control group. p63 Positivity was present in FNABs of 20/27 PTC and in 1 FNAB of nodular hyperplasia. Eighteen FNABs of PTC (66.6%) showed both strong CK19 staining and p63-positive cells, whereas none of the control cases showed coexpression of CK19 and p63. CONCLUSION: Coexistence of strong CK19 positivity and p63-positive cells can enhance the cytologic diagnosis of PTC.     

Differential expression of estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) and its C-terminal truncated splice variant ERbetacx as prognostic predictors in human prostatic cancer.

Estrogens have been widely used for the treatment of advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma. However, their direct effect to prostatic cancer cells via estrogen receptors remains unclear. We investigated expression of ERalpha, wild-type ERbeta (wtERbeta), and a C-terminal truncated splice variant of ERbeta (ERbetacx) in 50 benign and 100 malignant human prostatic tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. While strong immunostaining of ERalpha was consistently identified in the stromal compartment, wtERbeta was expressed in epithelial cells in both the benign and malignant foci. However, wtERbeta expression was significantly lower in the cancers than in the benign epithelium and inversely correlated with Gleason tumor grade (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0099, respectively). In contrast, ERbetacx was significantly more expressed in the high-grade cancers (83%) compared with the low-grade tumors (22%) and the benign sites (11%) (P < 0.0001, both). Cancer-specific survival of patients with lower wtERbeta expression was significantly worse than those with higher expression of wtERbeta (P = 0.0018). Conversely, higher ERbetacx expression significantly correlated with poor cancer-specific survival (P = 0.0058). These results suggest that differential expressions of wtERbeta and ERbetacx may be prognostic predictors for prostatic cancer.     

Proteomic identification of new biomarkers and application in thyroid cytology

OBJECTIVE: To validate proteins identified by proteomics as potentially usable markers in thyroid pathology. STUDY DESIGN: Frozen sections of thyroid tumors were manually micro-dissected and proteins extracted. Two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and subsequent liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy were performed, and differentially expressed proteins were identified. Validation of candidates for tumor markers (galectin-1, galectin-3, S100C and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 [VDAC1]) was done by immunohistochemistry in 21 cell blocks from fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) and corresponding histology specimens (13 cases). RESULTS: Galectin-3 was negative in benign lesions and positive in FNAB from papillary carcinoma (5 of 5), follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (1 of 4) and follicular carcinoma (1 of 2). S100C was positive in some benign lesions: hyperplasia (2 of 4), goiter (1 of 3) and follicular adenoma (1 of 3), with predominantly nuclear pattern of staining. S100C was positive in malignant lesions, showing cytoplasmic location. Galectin-1 was negative in benign lesions and positive in follicular carcinoma (1 of 2), papillary carcinoma (2 of 5) and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (1 of 4). VDAC1 was detected in benign and malignant lesions, showing a strong positivity in follicular carcinomas. CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical validation of potential markers is a crucial step before clinical application in diagnosis. Galectin-3, galectin-1 and S100C can be used to help in discriminating benign and malignant thyroid lesions.     

P63在子宫内膜样腺癌的表达及意义

目的检测正常子宫内膜、子宫内膜增生症和子宫内膜样腺癌（endometriod adenocarcinoma,EC）组织中P63的表达,探讨P63与子宫内膜样腺癌发生、发展及预后的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测正常子宫内膜（20例）,子宫内膜增生症（20例）,子宫内膜样腺癌（50例）组织中P63蛋白的表达。结果（1）正常子宫内膜中仅1例增生期内膜中有P63表达,阳性细胞零星分布于极个别腺体的基底部。子宫内膜增生症和子宫内膜样腺癌组织中,P63阳性细胞常相对集中分布于某一区域的腺体或实性巢,染色强。（2）EC组和子宫内膜增生症组P63的阳性率分别为46％和50％,与正常子宫内膜组（5．0％）比较差异有显著性护〈0．05）。子宫内膜增生症组P63的阳性率与EC组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。（3）P63的表达与EC的分化程度无关（P〉0．05）。结论（1）EC组织中P63阳性细胞可能来源于胚胎时期的未分化细胞,具有多向分化的潜能。（2）P63与EC的发生发展有关,可能起癌基因的作用。（3）P63在子宫内膜增生症组织中高表达,表明P63与子宫内膜的异常增生相关。     

Transforming growth factor-alpha expression in benign and malignant human prostatic disease.

Investigation of biological variables in prostatic disease may not only prevent patients with a good prognosis being overtreated, but allow better selection of appropriate therapy, and may identify potential targets for novel therapies. This study investigates the growth factor transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) expression in benign and malignant prostatic biopsies using both radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry, considering its role in malignant epithelial transformation and as a prognostic indicator. Biochemical methods were less satisfactory than the more selective immunohistochemical methods, due to the heterogeneity of prostatic tissue. Seventy-one percent of benign biopsies (range 0-18.62ng/mg DNA) and 69% of malignant biopsies (range 0-11.1ng/mg DNA) had detectable levels of TGF alpha using radioimmunoassay. Immunohistochemical staining for TGF alpha identified expression in 15% of benign (4 out of 27) and 53% malignant biopsies (18 out of 34). Positive staining was also identified in premalignant lesions and within stromal elements, thus implying the factor's role in autocrine/paracrine growth and/or malignant transformation. Immunostaining for TGF alpha may enhance detection of premalignant lesions and small foci of malignant glands which are otherwise difficult to identify using standard histopathological techniques.     

MMP-2 VEGF在肺腺癌细胞中的表达及其意义

目的研究探讨基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在胸腔积液、痰液中肺腺癌细胞的不同表达及二者在肺癌细胞侵袭转移过程中的相互关系。方法选择胸腔积液、痰液共计264例癌性及异型增生细胞标本经免疫细胞化学方法分别检测MMP-2 VEGF的表达情况。结果免疫细胞化学结果显示:MMP-2在胸腔积液中腺癌细胞、异型增生上皮细胞的表达率分别为71.7%(99/138)、16.7%(6/36),在胸膜炎和结核病变典型良性胸腔积液增生上皮细胞中不表达;在痰腺癌细胞中的表达率为39.1%(27/69),统计结果显示MMP-2在恶性胸腔积液腺癌细胞中的表达率明显高于在异型增生的上皮、增生的上皮及痰腺癌细胞的表达率(P均0.05)。VEGF在胸腔积液中腺癌细胞、异型增生上皮细胞的表达率分别为89.1%(123/138)、33.3%(12/36),在胸膜炎和结核病变典型良性胸腔积液增生上皮细胞中不表达;在痰腺癌细胞中的表达率为47.8%(33/69),VEGF在恶性胸腔积液腺癌细胞中表达率明显高于在异型增生的上皮细胞、增生的上皮细胞及痰腺癌细胞的表达率(P均0.05),且MMP-2同VEGF总阳性表达率之间成正相关(r=0.867,P=0.049)。结果 MMP-2 VEGF在胸水腺癌细胞中高表达,可能与肺腺癌的转移、侵袭有关;两者联合做免疫细胞化学检查对肺腺癌细胞病理诊断有辅助意义。     

Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content and keratins by using CK7, CK8, CK18, CK19, and KL1 monoclonal antibodies in benign and malignant human breast tumors.

We have used a double-labelling flow cytometry analysis of keratin (CK) and DNA in breast cancer. Five monoclonal anti-keratin antibodies were tested: KL1 recognizing Mr 55,000-57,000 keratins, and "anti-glandular epithelia," LE41, RGE-53, and LP2K specific for CK n. 7, 8, 18, and 19 of Moll's classification, respectively. Flow cytometric (DNA-CK) analysis was performed on 10 benign and 19 malignant human breast tumors. All the benign tumors were diploid and 63% of the malignant tumors were aneuploid. This technique permits the analysis of DNA in the epithelial fraction alone. In aneuploid tumors, gating the DNA-keratin-positive population allowed accurate DNA analysis without interference due to debris background and non-epithelial cells. Moreover, double-labelling using the CK19 antibody gave a better identification of near-diploid tumors. An enhancement of keratin expression in malignant tumors was observed with CK 19 (P less than 0.001), KL1 (P less than 0.01), CK 8 (P less than 0.05), and CK18 (n.s.) compared to benign tumors. The comparison of keratin expression in aneuploid and diploid malignant tumors revealed reduced CK8, CK18, and CK19 in the former.     

COX-2、Ki-67和结核菌L型感染在前列腺癌中的表达

目的探讨环氧合酶-2（COX-2）和Ki-67在前列腺癌中的表达以及结核菌L型感染率及临床意义。方法应用免疫组化、原位杂交和抗酸染色等方法检测了65例前列腺癌（carcinoma of prostate,PCa）和30例良性前列腺增生（benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH）中的COX-2、Ki-67蛋白及mRNA的表达,以及结核菌L型的检出率;并对前列腺肿瘤主要临床资料和病理分级参数进行比较,用χ^2检验进行统计学处理。结果COX-2、Ki-67蛋白及mRNA阳性表达和结核菌L型检出率,前列腺癌明显高于前列腺增生（P〈0.001～0.05）。COX-2、Ki-67蛋白及mRNA阳性表达和结核菌L型检出率与前列腺癌的临床分期、病理分级有明显差异（P〈0.01～0.05）。淋巴结转移组中COX-2、Ki-67蛋白及mRNA的阳性表达率明显高于非转移组（P〈0.01）。结核菌L型检出率淋巴结转移组明显高于非转移组（P〈0.05）。结论COX-2、Ki-67蛋白及mRNA在前列腺肿瘤中不同程度异常表达以及结核菌L型检出率与肿瘤的临床分期、病理分级和转移呈正相关,提示2种基因均可作为判断前列腺癌生物学行为及患者预后参考指标。结核菌L型感染极有可能导致基因的变异或过表达,成为诱发肿瘤因素之一,它们可能有协同致瘤作用。