聚磷菌的诱变选育及其生长特性

方法:采用氮离子注入技术对巢湖底泥中筛选出的一株细菌进行辐照诱变处理,选育出2株高效聚磷菌,并对这两株菌的生长特性进行了研究,根据生理生化及生长试验,并参照《伯杰氏细菌手册》进行菌种分类鉴定,这两株菌被鉴定为假单胞菌属细菌(Pseudomonas sp),并研究了菌量、温度、pH、氧、碳源对两株假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp)的生长特性及聚磷代谢的影响。结果:试验表明,诱变后的聚磷率明显高于试验出发菌,为出发菌的1.43~3.89倍。两株菌的最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH和菌量分别为6、8和OD=0.6、0.4。最适菌量在厌氧条件下出现放磷现象,好氧条件下过量摄磷现象,经过先厌氧条件的培养其去磷率明显高于直接好氧培养条件下的去磷率,以乙酸钠为碳源时其聚磷率高于乳糖、甲醇、乙醇为碳源时的摄磷量。     

两株丁草胺高效降解菌复配菌剂降解特性研究

LYC-1(Acinetobacter sp.)与LYC-2(Ancylobacter sp.)为两株从长期受农药污染的土壤中分离得到的丁草胺高效降解菌。本研究考察此两株降解菌复配菌剂对丁草胺降解特性,结果表明,菌株LYC-1和LYC-2的菌悬液以3:1的比例混合时,其降解率最高,且高于两个单菌株的降解率。当丁草胺浓度为100 mg·L-1和200 mg·L-1时,混合菌达到最大降解率和生长量,分别为97.8%与1.26(OD600mn)。     

养分供给对黑青杨等杨树生长动态及养分分配的影响

探究不同养分添加对黑青杨、小黑杨和大青杨幼苗生长和养分分配的影响,旨在揭示3种杨树品种对养分的需求利用规律,为苗圃培育杨树苗木提供参考。以黑青杨、小黑杨和大青杨为材料,采用3因素3水平(N:1.5、3、6 g·株-1;P:0.75、1.5、3 g·株-1;K:0.5、1、2 g·株-1)L9(34)正交试验设计,以不施肥为对照,研究不同养分供给水平对不同杨树生长动态变化及养分分配的影响。结果表明:(1)不同养分供给对黑青杨、小黑杨和大青杨苗高、地径生长量在7月中旬开始影响差异显著。3个品种苗高、地径生长指数均在氮、磷、钾1水平时最大。黑青杨氮、磷、钾分别选择3、1、2水平时其生物量最大,小黑杨氮、磷、钾分别选择2、1、1水平时其生物量最大,大青杨氮、磷、钾均选择1水平时其生物量最大。氮、磷、钾对黑青杨和小黑杨生长指标影响排序为N大于P和K,而对大青杨生长指标影响排序为K大于N和P。(2)黑青杨、小黑杨和大青杨在根、茎和叶中氮、磷、钾积累量大小均为N大于P和K,3个品种各器官内氮的积累量都大于磷和钾的积累量。在3个杨树品种中,各器官3种养分积累量显著不同,其中3个品种的氮积累量分配比大小依次为茎、叶、根,黑青杨和小黑杨的磷积累量分配比大小依次为茎、叶、根,大青杨积累量分配比大小依次为根、茎、叶,黑青杨和大青杨钾积累量的分配比大小依次为根、茎、叶,而小黑杨钾积累量的分配比大小依次为根、茎、叶。(3)经过对各指标综合分析,评价得出氮、磷、钾配比N1P1K1为大青杨、黑青杨、小黑杨最佳施肥方案,即氮肥1.5 g·株-1,磷肥0.75 g·株-1,钾肥0.5 g·株-1。     

Pip介导铜绿假单胞菌吩嗪基因簇phz2的表达

[目的]为了确定铜绿假单胞菌调控因子Pip对两个不同吩嗪合成基因簇(phz1和phz2)的具体调控方式与可能的调控机制.[方法]根据基因比对结果,采用同源重组技术构建Pip调控因子缺失突变株PA-PG以及克隆ip基因作互补分析;再以已构建的吩嗪基因簇缺失突变株PA-Z1G和PA-Z2K为受体菌,构建突变株PA-PD-Z1G和PA-PG-Z2K,测定并比较野生株及相关突变株的吩嗪-1-羧酸和绿脓菌素的合成量,推定Pip对两个不同吩嗪合成基因簇的调控方式.[结果]在GA培养基中,突变株PA-PG的吩嗪-1-羧酸和绿脓菌素都比野生型明显减少;互补分析显示,突变株PA-PG的吩嗪-1-羧酸和绿脓菌素都显著提高并恢复到野生株PAO1水平;突变株PA-Z1G的吩嗪-1-羧酸和绿脓菌素合成量因Pip缺失而显著减少;而突变株PA-Z2K的吩嗪-1-羧酸和绿脓菌素合成量在Pip缺失后仍保持不变.[结论]初步推定,转录调控因子Pip对铜绿假单胞菌吩嗪合成代谢的确具有促进作用;Pip通过正向调控吩嗪基因簇phz2的合成功能实现对吩嗪合成代谢的调控.     

一株高效聚磷细菌的分离及其聚磷特性研究

目的:从太湖沉积物中分离高效聚磷细菌,初步鉴定并研究其聚磷特性。方法:利用合成废水培养基完成菌株分离和纯化,通过单因素实验,研究不同条件对聚磷菌的生长和除磷效率的影响。结果:筛选到一株高效聚磷细菌WK-3并完成了分类鉴定;单因素实验结果表明,其生长的对数期为20~49 h;最适生长和聚磷的碳源为蔗糖,最大除磷率50.1%;最适生长pH为6.0,最适聚磷pH为7.0,除磷率51.2%;最适生长和聚磷的起始磷含量为3μmol/L,除磷率53.9%;最适生长和聚磷的接种量为3%,除磷率34.6%。结论:筛选到聚磷菌株WK-3,初步鉴定为微嗜酸寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila),确定了聚磷的碳源、pH、起始磷量、接种量条件。     

反硝化除磷戈登氏菌属的富集及其菌剂制备

【背景】投加微生物菌剂是强化生物处理效能的重要手段,反硝化是污水脱氮除磷的关键步骤,但目前对于反硝化微生物菌剂相关的研究报道较少。【目的】驯化高效反硝化聚磷菌菌剂,并对系统进行生物强化。【方法】采用两阶段法快速富集反硝化聚磷菌,筛选高效脱氮除磷功能菌株NC1-1并进行鉴定,以NC1-1为菌种来源制备干粉菌剂,研究菌剂强化A²SBR系统污水处理效果。【结果】历经36 d后反硝化聚磷菌富集成功,菌株NC1-1经鉴定属于戈登氏菌属,其脱氮除磷率分别为89.46%和91.68%。麦麸、玉米粉配比为85%:15%、NC1-1投菌量为20 mL、发酵液用量20 mL的条件下成功制得干粉菌剂,干粉菌剂最佳投加量为10%的A²SBR系统总磷（total phosphorus,TP）和NO₃^--N去除率比未投加菌剂的A²SBR系统提高12.06%和11.52%。【结论】菌剂NC1-1的投加使A²SBR系统的污染物去除效能进一步提高,研究结果为进一步研究反硝化聚磷菌菌剂提供了...     

两株好氧反硝化聚磷菌的筛选、鉴定及水质净化研究

旨在从环境样品中筛选对富营养化水体具有良好脱氮除磷效果的好氧反硝化菌。采集福州某养猪场污水处理池中的水样。通过反硝化细菌培养基培养、BTB培养基平板分离、硝酸盐还原试验和蓝白斑筛选法、异染颗粒以及聚-β-羟基丁酸(PHB)颗粒染色试验,筛选获得两株具有脱氮除磷特性的菌株,命名为N1和N2。经16S r RNA基因序列分析,N1和N2分别属于无色杆菌属(Achromobacter.sp)和短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas.sp)。将菌株N1和N2复配,获得脱氮除磷复合菌FIM-1。考察了菌株对人工合成污水和富营养化水体脱氮除磷的效果。结果表明,两株菌在含磷量较低的水体中,对磷的去除率较高,相对于单菌,复合菌表现出更佳的脱氮除磷效果。     

好氧反硝化聚磷菌的筛选及菌群构建优化

【背景】近年来,随着海水养殖规模的扩大,养殖产品产生的排泄物与残留的饲料大量积累,导致养殖水域的氮磷元素含量上升,水体富营养化加剧并对环境造成危害。【目的】从红树林人工湿地中筛选出好氧反硝化聚磷菌株并研究各菌株的最佳除氮除磷效率,随后通过响应面法构建菌群,进一步强化菌株去除污染物的能力。【方法】将前期筛选出的5株耐盐异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌通过异染颗粒染色和聚-β-羟基丁酸(poly-β-hydroxybutyricacid,PHB)染色进行好氧反硝化聚磷菌的筛选,通过单因素试验明确各菌株的最佳除氮除磷条件,并利用Design-Expert软件和Box-Benhnken响应面法进行配比试验。【结果】经过筛选获得3株耐盐好氧反硝化聚磷菌,分别为肺无色杆菌(Achromobacter pulmonis) strain E43、氧化木糖无色杆菌(Achromobacterxylosoxidans)strainJ1和食油假单胞菌(Pseudomonasoleovorans)strain F2,发现菌株E43具有聚磷功能,确定了耐盐好氧反硝化聚磷菌群的最优降解投加比例为E43:J1:F2=1:1:...     

一株高产细胞表面植酸酶酵母的实验研究

对一株高产细胞表面植酸酶酵母突变株WZ4菌的细胞植酸酶进行了研究。探讨了菌体生长与产酶的关系。结果表明:菌体在培养的前期植酸酶酶活很低,培养30h后酶活迅速增加,酶活在菌体生长的平衡期达到最大,该菌产植酸酶为非生长偶联型。在此基础了解WZ4菌细胞植酸酶的性质,实验表明:该酶的最适pH为5,最适温度为50℃,Km(以植酸钠为底物)为0666mmolL。通过磷对产酶影响因素的实验研究,初步得到WZ4菌产植酸酶受控于培养基中的磷浓度的结论,即最大产酶磷浓度为05mg100ml,当磷浓度大于10mg100ml时产酶被完全阻遏。     

苹果树内生菌筛选及其对苹果腐烂病防治效果

为了获得苹果腐烂病菌的内生拮抗菌株,并初步研究其拮抗特性以及防治效果,用平板对峙法从苹果树根部、茎部、叶片筛选到具有拮抗作用的内生菌,明确其无菌滤液的抑菌效果,并测定拮抗菌株对苹果离体果实腐烂病害的防治效果。从分离纯化的56株内生菌中筛选出12株苹果腐烂病菌的拮抗菌,其中G2、G9、J32和Y40的抑菌效果比较明显,分别为69.64%、58.93%、67.86%、67.88%,当G2和G9的无菌滤液浓度达到8%时,其抑制率最高,分别达到了78.26%、76.29%,J32和Y40的无菌滤液浓度达到8%时抑制率均达到72.33%;在苹果果实离体试验中,G2、Y40的抑制率分别达到32.56%和26.89%;所筛选的这4株菌株对小麦赤霉病菌(Fusa Hum graminearum)、番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、烟草赤星病菌(Alternaria longipes)、棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporun f.sp.vasinfectum)、稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae Cav)、黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerium)、西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)均有一定的抑制作用,其中抑制率最高达79.65%;4株菌对苹果腐烂病病原菌的抑制大多数会导致病原菌菌丝畸形。试验结果表明拮抗真菌G2、G9、J32和Y40均对苹果腐烂病菌有较强拮抗作用,为进一步开展苹果主要病害的生物防治研究提供了潜在资源菌。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).