澜沧江鳘条寄生指环虫属两新种记述

本文记述了云南澜沧江水系景洪流域段(100°47'43″E,22°0'28″N)鳘条Hemiculter leucisculus(Basilewsky,1855)鳃丝上寄生指环虫属Dactylogyrus 2新种,以采集地命名为版纳指环虫Dactylogyrus bannaensis sp.nov.和景洪指环虫D.jinghongensis sp.nov.。版纳指环虫和景洪指环虫均为双联结片虫,基于后吸器,尤其是中央大钩、边缘小钩和交接器的形态学特征,鉴定为指环虫属科学上2新种。版纳指环虫交接器的形态有别于记录种船茎指环虫D.nilkolskyi Gussev,1955,版纳指环虫的交接管呈长带状,延伸至虫体左侧边缘阴道口处,末端微弯;感染率100%(40/40)。寄生于同一宿主的景洪指环虫,其交接器的形态有别于记录种红鲌指环虫D.erythroculteris和锥花指环虫D.pannosus,景洪指环虫的交接器呈彩虹状,交接管的一端基部膨大成漏斗状,另一端折叠;支持器"V"形,且中间包绕交接管;感染率100%(40/40)。     

澜沧江奇额墨头鱼寄生指环虫属单殖吸虫一新种记述

记述了澜沧江云南省西双版纳景洪流域段(22°00.288'N,100°47.430'E)奇额墨头鱼Garra mirofrontis寄生指环虫属Dactylogyrus单殖吸虫一新种:澜沧江指环虫Dactylogyrus lancangjiangensis sp.nov.。宿主鱼类的自然感染率为68%(19/28)。吸虫平均大小为317μm×101μm。后吸器由1对中央大钩、7对边缘小钩、联结片和副联结片组成;联结片呈一字形,中部狭窄,两端较宽;副联结片呈月牙形;交接器包括交接管和支持器,交接管基部膨大呈球形,后部缢缩形成细管,并盘曲成3~5圈螺旋;支持器呈复杂棒状,交接管端部从中穿过。本种在后吸器和雄性交接器上与指环虫属已记录种存在明显差异,同时鉴于单殖吸虫具有较强的宿主特异性,认为该种是科学上一未记录种。模式标本保存于云南师范大学生命科学学院。     

伪指环虫、异钩虫和三钩虫的系统位置

采用单个虫体PCR扩增、序列测定与分析的方法,对锚首虫科中后吸器形态较特殊的3个属:伪指环虫属、异钩虫属和三钩虫属的28S rRNA基因5'端序列进行了研究,并采用PAUP软件构建了分子系统树.结果显示,异钩虫属、三钩虫属和伪指环虫属明显地嵌合于其他锚首虫属之间,进而明确了这3个属的分类地位,应归属锚首虫科.锚首虫科和指环虫科之间的关系则有待今后进一步研究.     

胄蝗属一新种及其染色体组型与带型分析(直翅目:蝗总科)

胄蝗属(Stolzia Willemse)的种类,已知分布于菲律宾、印度尼西亚、马来西亚及我国等地区。在我国已知仅一种,即海南胄蝗Stolzia hainanensis(Tinkham).作者等于1985年9月,在海南省尖峰岭地区采集时,采得胄蝗属一新种,我们同时对该种蝗虫的染色体组型和带型进行了观察,现记述如下。 模式标本保存于陕西师范大学生物系蝗虫研究室。 尖峰胄蝗Stolzia jianfengensis新种 雄性:体中小型,密具皱纹和刻点。头顶近平,狭三角形,突出于触角基节之前,眼间距极狭,其最狭处狭于触角基节的宽度;颜面侧观倾斜,在触角基部之间的下方略凹曲,颜     

寄生于南海鱼类中的单殖吸虫一新种和一新纪录(吸虫纲: 单殖目)

报道了寄生于中国南海的芝麻斑鱼Epinephelus rhyncholepis(Bleeker)(Serranidae)上的香港拟大杯虫Megalocotyloides hongkongensis sp.nov.和寄生于黑鲷Acanthopagrus schlegeli(Bloch)(Sparidae)上的鲷裸盘虫Anoplodiscus spari(Yamaguti,1958)。前者为新种,隶属于分室科Capsalidae (Barid,1853)、轮足亚科Trochpodinae、拟大杯足属Megalocotyoides;后者为中国新纪录,隶属于裸盘虫科Anoplodiscidae(Tagliani,1912)、裸盘虫属Anoplodiscus。香港拟大杯虫Megalocotyloides hongkongensis sp.nov.具分室科、Trochopodinae亚科的形态特征。虫体背腹扁平,呈长椭圆形,体表光滑无棘。前端腹面有一对前吸器,成对吸盘状结构,通过一头冠在前背面联系,有头腺。眼点2对,位于咽前。后吸器盘状,无柄,分成5隔和周边5个小隔室,中央小室缺;后吸盘边上有肌肉缘,周围有精致的圆齿状边缘膜,边缘小钩14个;中央大钩3对,有肌肉纤维支持着,第1对钩大,远端尖,近端钝,分叉,有明显的肌腱通过大钩的分叉牵拉,第2对钩细长,远端有刺钩,第3对钩尖细,远端钩尖略弯曲,3对中央大钩成直线纵向排列,有肌腱牵引。口开于咽中央,咽肌肉质,发达,呈5瓣状。食道不明显或缺。两肠支前端达咽的水平处,末端终止于后吸器前,呈树枝状分布,末端不汇合。睾刃个并列,椭圆形,前端略尖,位于体中部。输出管在中部吻合形成输精管,呈盘曲长管状,阴茎囊椭圆形,靠近卵巢的右上角,阴茎细长,卷曲在阴茎囊内。阴茎复合体包含有肌肉质的阴茎、射精管、前列腺球和前列腺储藏囊。阴茎囊远端与子宫远端联合形成生殖腔,其生殖孔开口于体左侧的前吸器旁。卵巢圆球形,位于睾丸前,输卵管自卵巢发出后,向前略大成卵模,周围有发达的梅氏腺,子宫粗短,开口于生殖腔。卵黄腺呈滤泡状,自咽水平处随肠支,略呈对称状分布至后吸器前,贮卵黄囊位于卵巢前。阴道富肌肉质,管状,近端膨大形成受精囊,远端窄,开口于共同生殖腔下方。卵呈多面体形,虫卵的一端有一根卷曲的长极丝。鲷裸盘中Anoplodiscus spari(Yamaguti,1958)具裸盘虫科Anoplodiscidae、裸盘虫属Anoplodiscus的形态特征。虫体背腹扁平,体前端有一对假吸盘,开口于体外,后吸器盘状,无钩,不分室。具2对眼点,咽发达。食道不明显或缺。单支肠支不对称地呈树枝状分布,末端终止于后吸器前。睾丸单个,圆球形,位于体中部。具贮精囊,阴茎囊长,管状,具有几丁质支持器,卵巢卵圆形,位于睾丸前,具受精囊和阴道,卵黄腺发达,呈大滤泡状,自交接器水平处随肠支,略呈对称状分布至后吸器前。     

宽海盘虫属(单殖亚纲,锚首虫科)一新种记述

记述了寄生于广东海洋鱼类紫红笛鲷Lutjanus argentimaculatus（Forskal）和黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus（Basilewsky）鳃上的宽海盘虫属Euryhaliotrema Kritsky＆Boeger，2002一新种，新种笛鲷宽海盘虫Eruyhaliotrema lutjani sp．nov．的中央大钩与联结片的形状相似于Euryhaliotrema carbunculus（tiaras，1955）Kritsky ＆ Boeger，2002和广东宽海盘虫Euryhaliotrema guangdongensis Li et al.，2005，但交接管形状及量度不同，同时支持器的形状与已知种差别较大。     

中国广东新海盘虫属(单殖吸虫,锚首虫科)三新种描述

记述了寄生于广东海洋鱼类五带豆娘鱼Abudefduf vaigiensis、六带豆娘鱼Abudefduf sexfasciatus和孟加拉豆娘鱼Abudefduf bengalensis鳃上的新海盘虫属Neohaliotrema Yamaguti,19653新种,瘤钩新海盘虫Neohaliotrema tukerhamatus sp.nov.,倒钩新海盘虫Neohaliotrema antiacanthus sp.nov.和孟加拉新海盘虫Neohaliotrema bengalensis sp.nov.3新种的中央大钩具有瘤状突起而相似于大棘新海盘虫Neohaliotrema macracanthum Zhukow,1976,但新种背中央大钩具有附片及腹中央大钩内突上有小钩与已知种不同,交接器尤其是支持器也存在较大的差异。瘤钩新海盘虫N.tukerhamatus sp.nov.的交接管末端有1锥状结构,支持器较长,前端为窄片状,末端分叉,腹中央大钩内突上有1小钩,背中央大钩具有1C形的附片;倒钩新海盘虫N.antiacanthus sp.nov.的支持器位于交接管中部弯曲处,呈倒钩形,腹中央大钩内突上有1小钩...     

中国涡虫新纪录科微口涡虫属一新种(大口虫目,微口虫科)及其分子系统学分析

本文报道中国涡虫新纪录科,中国微口涡虫,新种Microstomum sinensis n.sp.。标本采自中国广东省深圳市南山区蛇口码头海边。该新种具有横裂殖和有性生殖个体。所有个体均具雄性生殖器官,其交配刺骨质,整体呈钩状,全长60~75μm,基部呈漏斗状,从基部到末端刺管直径逐渐缩小。交配刺后1/3弯曲位于基部所在平面之外,弯曲程度接近半圆,末端开口呈尖叶状。另对其16S r DNA和28S r DNA进行了分子系统学分析,确定了其分类地位。     

似杯盘虫属(单殖亚纲,鳞盘虫科)三新种描述

记述了寄生于广东海洋鱼类黄唇裸颊鲷Lethrinus xanthochilus(Klunzinger),弱棘眶棘鲈Scolopsis eriomma(Jordan et Richardson)和金线鱼Nemipterus virgatus(Houttugn)鳃上的似杯盘虫属Calydiscoides Young,1969 3新种,锚形似杯盘虫Calydiscoides ancoratus sp.nov.,强壮似杯盘虫Calydiscoides robustus sp.nov.和深圳似杯盘虫Calydiscoides shenzhenensis sp.nov.,3新种的鳞盘、背腹中央大钩、中央联结片和侧联结片均相似于已知种,但它们的交接器和阴道与已知种不同.     

海南岛海水鱼类单殖吸虫研究及宽海盘虫二新种记述

记述了采自海南岛后水湾的眶棘双边鱼Ambassis gymnocephalus Lacépéde鳃上寄生的宽海盘虫2新种.张氏宽海盘虫Euryhaliotrema zhangjianyingi sp nov.以其边缘小钩明显长于两对中央大钩,支持器的套环状特殊结构,两对中央大钩和联结片而不同于属内的已知种;双边鱼宽海盘虫,Euryhaliotrema ambassisi sp.nov.以其交接器的量度,后吸器中央大钩内突基部较宽,外突较小,钩基部较直,钩尖短而不同于相似种和属内已知种.文中量度μm,模式标本保存在海南师范学院生物系.     

Species of Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from Zanclus cornutus (L.) (Teleostei: Zanclidae) and Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forssk?l) (Teleostei: Acanthuridae) in the South China Sea

Four species of Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922, including three new taxa, are described from the gills of two species of coral reef fishes, Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus) and Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forssk?l), off the Dongsha Islands in the South China Sea. Haliotrema dongshaense n. sp., from Z. cornutus, is differentiated from other existing congeneric species by its peculiar male copulatory organ, comprising a harp-shaped copulatory tube and a cup-shaped base, and two groups of short longitudinal muscles lying on either side of the vaginal vestibule. Haliotrema zigmoidocirrus n. sp. from Z. cornutus and H. nigrofusci n. sp. from A. nigrofuscus are differentiated from other congeneric species by their male copulatory organ, which has a cup-shaped base, bell-shaped middle and Z-shaped distal part, and the latter can be readily differentiated from the former by its distinctively wider haptor and longer connecting bars. Haliotrema sicklocirrus Wang, 2007, from Z. cornutus, is redescribed with additional details, including the sinistral position of the accessory piece of the male copulatory organ, the absence of eyespots and the morphology of the connecting bars.     

Studies on Lethrinitrema Lim & Justine, 2011 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae), with the description of two new species,a key to the genus and a phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA sequences

Six species of Lethrinitrema Lim & Justine, 2011, including two new taxa, are described from the gills of Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål) from the South China Sea. Lethrinitrema nebulosum n. sp. differs from all other members of the genus in possessing a copulatory organ with a short, distally recurved tube, a cup-shaped base and a thin accessory piece, arising from distal end of tube, junction inconspicuous. Lethrinitrema zhanjiangense n. sp. can be distinguished from its congeners by possessing a copulatory organ with a C-shaped tube, a cup-shaped base and without accessory piece. Lethrinitrema grossecurvitubum (Li & Chen, 2005) n. comb. and Lethrinitrema austrosinense (Li & Chen, 2005) n. comb., previously included in Haliotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922, are transferred to Lethrinitrema and redescribed with additional details, including the intestinal caeca that unite posterior to gonads and continue posteriorly as two diverticula, and the elongate tubular distal end of each haptoral reservoir bifurcating prior to entering a superficial lateral groove on each side of the ventral anchor. The sclerotised parts of two unidentified species of Lethrinitrema are also described. Lethrinitrema sp. 1 differs from the other Lethrinitrema spp. in possessing a male copulatory organ consisting of a short tapered tube with a robust cup-shaped base and in lacking accessory piece. Lethrinitrema sp. 2 differs from its congeners in possessing a copulatory organ comprised of a short slender tube and without accessory piece, delicate ventral and dorsal bars, and poorly developed outer roots of the anchors. Sequences of partial 28S rDNA (domains D1–D2) and complete 18S rDNA for 27 dactylogyrids including five species of Lethrinitrema, i.e. Lethrinitrema fleti (Young, 1968) Lim & Justine, 2011, L. nebulosum, L. zhanjiangense, L. grossecurvitubum and Lethrinitrema sp. 1 were used to assess the monophyly of Lethrinitrema which was supported by high bootstrap values.     

Phylogeography of the mottled spinefoot Siganus fuscescens: Pleistocene divergence and limited genetic connectivity across the Philippine archipelago

Historical isolation during Pleistocene low sea level periods is thought to have contributed to divergence among marine basin populations across the Coral Triangle. In the Philippine archipelago, populations in the South China Sea, Sulu Sea–inland seas, and Philippine Sea‐Celebes Sea basins might have been partially isolated. Meanwhile, present‐day broadscale oceanographic circulation patterns suggest connectivity between these basins. To evaluate hypotheses regarding the influence of historical and contemporary factors on genetic structure, phylogeographic patterns based on mitochondrial control region sequences for a reef‐associated fish, Siganus fuscescens, were analysed. Three distinct lineages were recovered. One lineage was identified as the morphologically similar species Siganus canaliculatus, while two lineages are monophyletic with S. fuscescens. Clade divergence and demographic expansion in S. fuscescens occurred during the Pleistocene. A strong signal of latitudinal structure was detected (Φ_CT = 0.188), driven by marked differences in clade distribution: one clade is widely distributed (clade A), while a second clade (clade B) has a restricted northern distribution. Regional structure of clade A is consistent with the basin isolation hypothesis (Φ_CT = 0.040) and suggests isolation of the South China Sea (Φ_CT = 0.091). Fine‐scale structure was observed in the South China Sea and south Philippine Sea, while Sulu Sea and inland seas were unstructured. Genetic structure across multiple spatial scales (archipelagic, regional, and fine‐scale within basins) suggests the influence of vicariant barriers and contemporary limits to gene flow in S. fuscescens that may be influenced by oceanographic circulation, geographical distance between available habitats, and latitudinal temperature differences.     

Genome scan of the mitten crab Eriocheir sensu stricto in East Asia: population differentiation, hybridization and adaptive speciation

We examine the genetic structure and evolutionary history of the mitten crab Eriocheir sensu stricto in East Asia by employing a genome scan - amplified fragment length polymorphism. Population analysis reveals three divergent clades in Eriocheir s. s., which dominate the East China Sea-Yellow Sea, the Sea of Japan (plus Okinawa) and the South China Sea, respectively, mostly in agreement with our previous mtDNA analysis. With the tropical South China Sea inferred as the origin, the East China Sea-Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan clades in the north diverged successively from the ancestral clade during the mid-Pleistocene. The divergence of the three clades likely resulted from isolation of the three marginal seas caused by sea level change in the Pleistocene. Two sympatric zones, one of the East China Sea-Yellow Sea and the South China Sea clades in southeast China and the other of the East China Sea-Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan clades in Vladivostok, are demonstrated to be hybrid zones, with hybridization occurring currently in the former but historically in the latter. Adaptive speciation is observed in the divergence process of the three clades, possibly because of selection from accumulated temperature. Our study indicates that the genetic structure and evolutionary history of Eriocheir s. s. have been primarily affected by Pleistocene glacial cycles, secondarily by divergent selection and drainage isolation, but only minimally by human activities.     

中国水域江豚颅后骨骼的地理变异

本文根据142号各年龄段的江豚颅后骨骼标奉(其中长江种群标本38号,黄海种群标本59号,南海种群标本45号),选用42项颅后骨骼变量,应用t-检验、协方差分析和判别分析,研究了颅后骨骼在各地理种群之间的变异。结果表明,(1)中国水域江豚不同种群之间在颅后骨骼上的差异是明的,而且表现在包括初生幼体在内的所有年龄段的标本中。0)南海种群的颅后骨骼最发达,长江次之,黄海种群的最不发达。(3)黄海种群与长江种群的差异较小,与南海种群的差异较大;南海种群与长江种群的差异相对最大。(4)颅骨发生的适应性变化比其外形的变化要慢,而颅后骨骼的变化比颅骨的变化还要慢．     

A new species of Anoplodiscus (Monogenea: Anoplodiscidae) parasitic on Pagrus pagrus (Osteichthyes: Sparidae) from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

A new species of Anoplodiscus (Monogenea, Anoplodiscidae), parasitic on gills of the red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species can be differentiated from the other species of this genus by the shape of the accessory piece of the copulatory complex, and the length of the vagina. This is the first record of a species of Anoplodiscus in the Neotropical region.     

边缘海与大洋第三纪钙质超微化石群比较研究

通过南海北部大陆架某钻孔(Y6)和西太平洋DSDP 296钻孔第三纪地层中超微化石群进行直接对比,同时收集Lohmann和Carlson(1981)对17个太平洋深海钻孔、Ellis(1973)对DSDP31航次7个钻孔超微化石研究资料进行间接对比,发现边缘海和大洋第三纪钙质超微化石群的分布有着不同特点,表现在;(1)边缘海陆架地区化石丰度低,而大洋丰度高,是边缘海陆架区的37倍。(2)边缘海陆架地区化石分异度低。(3)小型钙质超微化石在边缘海陆架地区含量丰富,而大个体类型在大洋中含量高。(4)Sphenolithus和 Helicosphaera在边缘海陆架地区多,而 Discoaster在大洋中含量高,几近前者的15倍。文中最后对造成这种差别的原因进行了讨论。     

基于耳石微结构的南海春季鸢乌贼日龄、生长与种群结构的研究

2015年春季在南海开展灯光罩网渔船鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)采样, 样品胴长为10.22—199.01 mm, 体质量为1.3—328.8 g。研究根据鸢乌贼耳石微结构对其日龄、生长和种群结构进行研究, 结果显示:南海存在2个鸢乌贼群体, 中型群体(有发光器, 占59.38%)和微型群体(无发光器, 占40.62%), 无胴长大于500 mm的大型群体; 样品日龄范围为38—126d, 优势日龄组为51—80d, 占其总数的81.33%。分别计算不同海域和群体间5种生长模型的AIC权重值, 发现南海北部海域和南沙附近海域都以指数生长模型最适合描述鸢乌贼的生长关系, 中型群体以指数模型最为适合, 微型群体则以幂函数生长模型最适合; 南海北部海域的鸢乌贼个体生长速率略低于南沙附近海域鸢乌贼个体; 微型群体呈现急剧生长到逐渐缓慢生长的趋势, 中型群体的生长趋势与微型群体正好相反。同类相食现象表明微型群体的生长受到中型群体的影响而被抑制。