含四个串联核酶和GFP基因的转基因质粒的构建

以含绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因的质粒pSK100-DS、含切割对虾杆状病毒基因的核酶Rz1的质粒pRGRzl、含核酶Rz2的质粒pRGRz2和转基因空质粒pcDNA3为基础,把绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因克隆于pcDNA3的SV40启动了下面,由SV40启动子控制,含四个两种核酸基因的四联体克隆于pcDNA3的多克隆位点区,由T7启动子控制,构建成含两个Rz1、两个Rz2和GFP基因的转基因质粒pGTR,以用于转基因抗病毒对虾的研究。     

绿色荧光蛋白(ZsGreen)基因在长石莼细胞中的表达

主要研究绿色荧光蛋白(ZsGreen)基因在长石莼(缘管浒苔)细胞中的表述.应用绿色荧光蛋白基因、抗除草剂bar基因、CMV 35S启动子和SV40双启动子构建了质粒载体PSV-bar-ZsGeen,采用改进的PEG法将质粒载体PSV-bar-Zs-Geen导入到缘管浒苔原生质体中,经过细胞培养发育再生藻株,通过除草剂筛选出阳性藻株,且转化率达38.58％,进一步PCR分子检测和显微荧光检测表明,绿色荧光蛋白基因在转基因植株中得到表达,为今后转基因浒苔研究奠定基础.     

新加坡育成二色转基因蓑鲉

MarineBiotechnology 2 0 0 2年 3/ 4月 4卷 2期 14 6～ 15 4页报道 :新加坡国立大学的科学家HaiyanWan等 ,最近利用绿色和红色荧光蛋白报告基因 gfp和rfp育成了二色转基因蓑 鱼由。Wan等首先利用两种组织特异的启动子 ,将绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP)和红色荧光蛋白 (RFP)表达于转基因蓑鱼由胚胎。其中的一个启动子 (CK) ,来源于细胞角蛋白基因 ,在胚胎的皮肤上皮具有特异活性 ;另一个启动子 (MLC) ,来源于肌肉特异基因 ,可编码肌球蛋白轻链 2多肽。这两个启动子可驱动两个报告基因表达在相同胚胎 ,从而使这两个基因忠实地表达于相应的组织 ,…     

狂犬病毒街毒株全长基因cDNA克隆的构建及鉴定

利用分子克隆的方法,将狂犬病毒街毒株的全基因组分为4个片段按照它们基因组上的顺序克隆到真核表达载体pVAX1上,并将G-L间隔区的非编码区替换为表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的核苷酸,构建出表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的重组狂犬病毒HN10株全长基因组cDNA真核表达质粒,同时,在全长cDNA的两侧嵌入锤头状核酶(HamRz)和丁型肝炎病毒核酶(HdvRz)的序列,并置于CMV启动子的控制下,为下一步拯救出该嵌合病毒提供了可直接使用的全长cDNA真核表达质粒。     

人Nephrin—GFP融合蛋白真核表达载体的构建和鉴定

目的构建人19号染色体长臂Nephrin基因和绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescence protein,GFP）真核表达质粒,为进一步研究肾小球裂隙隔膜分子复合物构成与功能提供基础。方法设计引物,扩增真核表达质粒pEGFPN3中的GFP基因片段,将其插入nephrin原核表达载体pcDNA3．1 nephrin V5-His,重组质粒经酶切鉴定后测序,并转染至COS-7细胞观察表达情况及生物学特性。结果成功构建pcDNA3．Inephrin—GFP重组质粒,并将Nephtin—GFP融合蛋白成功表达于COS-7细胞,进一步经交联实验证明Nephtin—GFP融合蛋白具有正确的细胞膜表达。结论利用pEGFPN3和pcDNA3．1nephtinV5-His可成功重组Nephrin—GFP表达质粒,为进一步研究肾小球裂隙隔膜分子复合物构成及其功能提供有利工具。     

人H1启动子转录shRNA的细胞种属特异性研究

扬州大学王永娟、王安平、孙顺吕3位从事转基因生物制药研究工作者利用siDirect软件预测绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因特异性小干扰RNA（siRNA）,将人工合成的相应shRNA插入含人H1启动子的pSuper载体,获得表达载体pSuper-shRNA,再将H1-shRNA插入表达GFP基因的peGFP-N1载体,获得表达载体peGFP-H1-shRNA。     

CYP21和CYP21P基因启动子序列对绿色荧光蛋白基因表达的影响

特异性扩增CYP21基因和CYP21P基因启动子区域－770bp--1bp片段,去除pEGFP-N1载体中的CMV启动子,构建含CYP21基因启动子的pEGFP-N1载体（pCYP21)和CYP21P基因启动子的pEGFP-N1载体（pCYP21P),分别将上述两种构建载体、野生型pEGFP-N1(阳性对照）质粒及阴性对照转染入肾上腺皮质来源的Y1细胞系中,用倒置荧光显微镜,以及激光共聚焦显微镜等方法观测绿色荧光蛋白的表达。转染后,在荧光倒置显微镜下首次发现Y1细胞中出现绿色荧光蛋白的时间阳性对照为3小时,pCYP21为7小时,pCYP21P与阳性对照（未转染任何载体的Y1细胞）始终未观测到绿色荧光蛋白。阳性对照和pCYP21的绿色荧光蛋白表达强于pCYP21,pCYP21P与阴性对照始终未观测到绿色荧光蛋白。阳性对照和pCYP21的绿色荧光蛋白在胞核中的荧光强度高于胞浆。上述结果进一步表明,含有CYP21和CYP21P两种基因启动子的GFP质粒在Y1细胞中表达存在显著差异。     

红系特异的GFP基因在转基因小鼠中的整合和表达

应用荧光定量PCR技术对由位点控制区LCR的HS2元件和 β 珠蛋白基因启动子指导的红系特异表达绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP)基因的转基因小鼠中外源基因拷贝数进行测定 ,使用荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪检测小鼠外周血中GFP的表达水平 ,并运用荧光原位杂交技术 (FISH)确定了其中两只转基因小鼠中外源基因的整合位点 ,结果表明 :在转基因小鼠中外源基因的拷贝数各不相同且相差较大 ,而且拷贝数与GFP基因的表达量之间未呈现出相关性 ;FISH分析确定出两只转基因小鼠的外源基因整合于不同的染色体上 ;杂交信号的强弱与拷贝数的多少相一致     

四环素诱导肝脏特异表达绿色荧光蛋白转基因斑马鱼模型建立

目的探索tet-on四环素诱导表达系统在斑马鱼体内应用策略与技术路线,构建四环素诱导肝脏特异表达绿色荧光蛋白的转基因斑马鱼,为条件型功能基因研究及组织特异转基因斑马鱼疾病模型的建立奠定基础。方法构建肝脏特异启动子fabp10启动rt TA蛋白表达的重组质粒pfabp10-rt TA,联合p TRE-Tight-BI-Ac GFP1质粒转染He La细胞后给予doxycycline诱导,Western blot法验证;pfabp10-rt TA联合p TRE-Tight-BI-Ac GFP1质粒注射斑马鱼1-细胞期受精卵后,30μg/m L doxycycline诱导,荧光筛选稳定整合个体。结果共转染pfabp10-rt TA与p TRE-Tight-BI-Ac GFP1的He La细胞经1μg/m L浓度doxycycline诱导培养液诱导,GFP表达量显著高于不加doxycycline培养液对照组;筛选获得的稳定整合斑马鱼幼鱼,在浓度为30μg/m L doxycycline条件下,肝脏明显有绿色荧光表达,对照组幼鱼肝脏位置未有明显绿色荧光。结论 Tet-On四环素诱导表达系统可用于建立四环素调控斑马鱼肝脏特异表达外源基因;利用该技术可建立诱导肝脏表达GFP建立转基因斑马鱼品系,为建立条件型转基因斑马鱼疾病模型、探索肝脏器官发生发育等研究提供良好的模式动物工具。     

Kozak序列+4G提高绿色荧光蛋白在HEK293细胞中的表达

构建含不同Kozak序列的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因真核表达载体, 并检测它们在HEK293细胞中的表达差异。 通过设计突变的PCR引物改变目的基因GFP的Kozak序列, +4 位碱基分别为A和G, 且不改变氨基酸编码, 将PCR扩增的GFP片段与载体pcDNA3.1进行酶切、连接、转化、鉴定。成功构建的pHGFP-A, pHGFP-G质粒采用脂质体法转染HEK293细胞, 荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光表达, 流式细胞术检测目的蛋白GFP的荧光表达阳性率, Western blot检测目的蛋白GFP的表达。构建的两质粒均能有效转染 HEK293细胞, 其中流式细胞术分析显示: pHGFP-A组GFP阳性率约为15%, pHGFP-G组GFP阳性率约为45%; Western blot 显示pHGFP-G的GFP表达量约为pHGFP-A的GFP表达量3.87倍。结果表明, Kozak序列+4G(?3位为嘌呤碱基时)在蛋白表达中发挥重要作用, 可以使绿色荧光蛋白GFP在HEK293细胞中的表达量提高约4倍。     

Gene Function Prediction Based on the Gene Ontology Hierarchical Structure

The information of the Gene Ontology annotation is helpful in the explanation of life science phenomena, and can provide great support for the research of the biomedical field. The use of the Gene Ontology is gradually affecting the way people store and understand bioinformatic data. To facilitate the prediction of gene functions with the aid of text mining methods and existing resources, we transform it into a multi-label top-down classification problem and develop a method that uses the hierarchical relationships in the Gene Ontology structure to relieve the quantitative imbalance of positive and negative training samples. Meanwhile the method enhances the discriminating ability of classifiers by retaining and highlighting the key training samples. Additionally, the top-down classifier based on a tree structure takes the relationship of target classes into consideration and thus solves the incompatibility between the classification results and the Gene Ontology structure. Our experiment on the Gene Ontology annotation corpus achieves an F-value performance of 50.7% (precision: 52.7% recall: 48.9%). The experimental results demonstrate that when the size of training set is small, it can be expanded via topological propagation of associated documents between the parent and child nodes in the tree structure. The top-down classification model applies to the set of texts in an ontology structure or with a hierarchical relationship.     

Gene Duplication and Gene Conversion in the Caenorhabditis elegans Genome

A comprehensive analysis of duplication and gene conversion for 7394 Caenorhabditis elegans genes (about half the expected total for the genome) is presented. Of the genes examined, 40% are involved in duplicated gene pairs. Intrachromosomal or cis gene duplications occur approximately two times more often than expected. In general the closer the members of duplicated gene pairs are, the more likely it is that gene orientation is conserved. Gene conversion events are detectable between only 2% of the duplicated pairs. Even given the excesses of cis duplications, there is an excess of gene conversion events between cis duplicated pairs on every chromosome except the X chromosome. The relative rates of cis and trans gene conversion and the negative correlation between conversion frequency and DNA sequence divergence for unconverted regions of converted pairs are consistent with previous experimental studies in yeast. Three recent, regional duplications, each spanning three genes are described. All three have already undergone substantial deletions spanning hundreds of base pairs. The relative rates of duplication and deletion may contribute to the compactness of the C. elegans genome. Received: 30 July 1998 / Accepted: 12 October 1998     

MADS-box基因家族基因重复及其功能的多样性

基因的重复(duplication)及其功能的多样性(diversification)为生物体新的形态进化提供了原材料。MADS-box基因在植物(特别是被子植物)的进化过程中发生了大规模的基因重复事件而形成一个多基因家族。MADS-box基因家族的不同成员在植物生长发育过程中起着非常重要的作用,在调控开花时间、决定花分生组织和花器官特征以及调控根、叶、胚珠及果实的发育中起着广泛的作用。探讨MADS-box基因家族的进化历史有助于深入了解基因重复及随后其功能分化的过程和机制。本文综述了MADS-box基因家族基因重复及其功能分化式样的研究进展。     

Gene Circuit Analysis of the Terminal Gap Gene huckebein

The early embryo of Drosophila melanogaster provides a powerful model system to study the role of genes in pattern formation. The gap gene network constitutes the first zygotic regulatory tier in the hierarchy of the segmentation genes involved in specifying the position of body segments. Here, we use an integrative, systems-level approach to investigate the regulatory effect of the terminal gap gene huckebein (hkb) on gap gene expression. We present quantitative expression data for the Hkb protein, which enable us to include hkb in gap gene circuit models. Gap gene circuits are mathematical models of gene networks used as computational tools to extract regulatory information from spatial expression data. This is achieved by fitting the model to gap gene expression patterns, in order to obtain estimates for regulatory parameters which predict a specific network topology. We show how considering variability in the data combined with analysis of parameter determinability significantly improves the biological relevance and consistency of the approach. Our models are in agreement with earlier results, which they extend in two important respects: First, we show that Hkb is involved in the regulation of the posterior hunchback (hb) domain, but does not have any other essential function. Specifically, Hkb is required for the anterior shift in the posterior border of this domain, which is now reproduced correctly in our models. Second, gap gene circuits presented here are able to reproduce mutants of terminal gap genes, while previously published models were unable to reproduce any null mutants correctly. As a consequence, our models now capture the expression dynamics of all posterior gap genes and some variational properties of the system correctly. This is an important step towards a better, quantitative understanding of the developmental and evolutionary dynamics of the gap gene network.     

Multiple Inter-Kingdom Horizontal Gene Transfers in the Evolution of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Gene Family

Pepcase is a gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase that exists in bacteria, archaea and plants,playing an important role in plant metabolism and development. Most plants have two or more pepcase genes belonging to two gene sub-families, while only one gene exists in other organisms. Previous research categorized one plant pepcase gene as plant-type pepcase (PTPC) while the other as bacteria-type pepcase (BTPC) because of its similarity with the pepcase gene found in bacteria. Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that PTPC is the ancestral lineage of plant pepcase, and that all bacteria, protistpepcase and BTPC in plants are derived from a lineage of pepcase closely related with PTPC in algae. However, their phylogeny contradicts the species tree and traditional chronology of organism evolution. Because the diversification of bacteria occurred much earlier than the origin of plants, presumably all bacterialpepcase derived from the ancestral PTPC of algal plants after divergingfrom the ancestor of vascular plant PTPC. To solve this contradiction, we reconstructed the phylogeny of pepcase gene family. Our result showed that both PTPC and BTPC are derived from an ancestral lineage of gamma-proteobacteriapepcases, possibly via an ancient inter-kingdom horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria to the eukaryotic common ancestor of plants, protists and cellular slime mold. Our phylogenetic analysis also found 48other pepcase genes originated from inter-kingdom HGTs. These results imply that inter-kingdom HGTs played important roles in the evolution of the pepcase gene family and furthermore that HGTsare a more frequent evolutionary event than previouslythought.     

Molecular Mapping of a Gene Cluster Flanking the Drosophila Dopa Decarboxylase Gene

Nine lethal complementation groups flanking the Drosophila Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) gene, have been localized within 100 kb of cloned chromosomal DNA. Six of these complementation groups are within 23 kb of DNA, and all ten complementation groups, including Ddc, lie within 78-82 kb of DNA. The potential significance of this unusually high gene density is discussed.