Pokemon、P14ARF 蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨食管鳞癌(esophageal squamous cell cacinoma,ESCC)组织中Pokemon和P14ARF表达的关系及其对ESCC临床病理特征和预后的判定价值。方法:应用SP免疫组织化学方法检测Pokemon和P14ARF二种蛋白在96例ESCC组织及20例癌旁正常组织中的表达,分析它们与ESCC病理学特征的关系,以及Pokemon和P14ARF的相关性,并结合随访资料观察上述蛋白表达对ESCC长期预后的影响。结果:癌旁正常组织中未见Pokemon蛋白表达,P14ARF蛋白阳性表达率为90.0%;在ESCC组织中Pokemon和P14ARF阳性表达率分别为75.0%和30.2%。Pokemon表达与P14ARF表达呈负相关(r=-0.458,P=0.000)。Pokemon和P14ARF的表达与TNM分期和淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05)。Pokemon表达阳性组的5年生存率分别为20.8%,显著低于阴性组(P=0.004);P14ARF表达阳性组的5年生存率为41.4%,显著高于阴性组(P=0.011)。结论:Pokemon蛋白的高表达和P14ARF蛋白低表达可能与ESCC的发生、发展关系密切,它们对于ESCC预后评估有一定的临床意义。     

Pokemon和MDM2在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究Pokemon及鼠双染色体2(MDM2)在食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)组织中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测93例ESCC组织、30例癌旁正常黏膜组织(对照)中Pokemon及鼠双微染色体2(murine double minute 2,MDM2)蛋白的表达水平,分析Pokemon及MDM2蛋白表达与临床病理各参数之间的关系。结果 Pokemon在对照组织和ESCC中的阳性表达率分别为6.67%(2/30)和64.52%(60/93)(P0.01);MDM2在对照组织和ESCC中的阳性表达率分别为20%(6/30)和58.06%(54/93)(P0.01)。Pokemon蛋白表达水平与ESCC淋巴结的转移和临床病理分期呈正相关(P0.05),而与患者的年龄、性别、组织学分级和浸润深度等无相关(P0.05)。MDM2蛋白的表达与ESCC的组织学分级、淋巴结转移和临床分期呈正相关(P0.05),而与患者的年龄、性别、和浸润深度无相关性(P0.05)。Pokemon和MDM2在ESCC组织中呈正相关(r=0.508)。结论 Pokemon和MDM2的激活促进了ESCC的发生发展、浸润及转移。联合检测两基因的表达对深入了解食管癌的发展及转移机制具有重要意义。     

UHRF1在结肠癌中的表达及其与细胞增殖的关系

目的:探讨UHRF1(Ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and ring覱nger domains 1)在结肠癌组织中的表达,及其与结肠癌细胞增殖的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测62例结肠癌组织和癌旁正常对照组织的UHRF1表达,统计分析其表达和临床病理资料和预后关系。采用si RNA抑制UHRF1表达,分析其与细胞增殖的关系。结果:结肠癌组织中UHRF1高表达,癌旁正常组织低表达。62例结肠癌组织中33例UHRF1阳性,阳性率为53.2%。UHRF1表达与淋巴结转移、远处器官转移和Dukes'分期相关(P0.05)。高表达UHRF1结肠患者的生存时间明显较低表达者短(P0.05)。单因素分析显示淋巴结转移、远处器官转移、UHRF1和Dukes'分期与患者累积生存率相关(P0.05)。多因素分析显示UHRF1可作为结肠癌患者预后的独立危险因子(P0.05)。采用si RNA转染HCT116后,UHRF1表达显著降低,细胞增殖被抑制。结论:UHRF1参与结肠癌细胞增殖,与结肠癌患者预后密切相关。     

RegIV和CCL7在胃癌中的表达及相关性分析

目的:研究再生基因4(RegIV)和趋化因子CCL7在胃癌中的表达及相关性。方法:选择2010年3月至2014年3月在我院接受手术治疗的胃癌患者72例作为研究对象。对比RegIV及CCL7在胃癌组织以及癌旁正常组织中的阳性表达情况,分析不同病理参数对RegIV及CCL7阳性表达的影响,RegIV与CCL7表达的相关性及影响RegIV及CCL7在胃癌中表达的危险因素。结果:胃癌组织的RegIV阳性率及CCL7阳性率均显著高于癌旁正常组织,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。有浆膜浸润、有淋巴结转移以及TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期者的RegIV与CCL7阳性表达率均显著高于无浆膜浸润、无淋巴结转移以及TNM分期为0~Ⅱ期者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。经Spearman法分析相关性可知,RegIV与CCL7表达呈正相关。根据Logistic回归分析法可知,有浆膜浸润、有淋巴结转移以及TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期均为RegIV及CCL7在胃癌中表达的危险因素。结论:RegIV与CCL7均可在胃癌组织中呈现出较高的阳性表达,且二者与患者临床预后有密切关系,在临床治疗过程中值得关注与重视。     

基质金属蛋白酶-9 表达与胰腺癌生物学行为及预后的相关性研究

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)的表达与胰腺癌生物学特性及对患者预后的影响。方法:采用免疫组织化学法检测63例原发性胰腺癌及11例癌旁正常组织中MMP-9的表达.比较MMP-9的表达与胰腺癌患者生物学特性及预后的关系。结果:MMP-9阳性表达率为68.3%(43/63),而11例癌旁正常组织无MMP-9表达。MMP-9的表达与肿瘤大小(P=0.014)、分化程度(P=0.039)、TNM分期(P=0.001)、远处转移(P=0.011)及淋巴结转移(P=0.009)显著相关。MMP-9表达阳性者生存时间明显低于阴性表达者(Log-rank检验,x2=32.70,P=0.000)。Cox回归分析表明:分化程度(P=0.000)、TNM分期(P=0.006)、淋巴结转移(P=0.035)及MMP-9过表达(P=0.000)是胰腺癌预后的独立影响因素。结论:MMP-9过表达在胰腺癌的浸润转移中发挥重要作用,过表达提示预后不良.对MMP-9的检测可有效的评估胰腺癌患者的预后。     

T细胞分化蛋白2在肝细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:观察T细胞分化蛋白2(Mal2)在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的表达并探讨其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测226例HCC患者的肿瘤组织和86例正常肝组织中Mal2蛋白的表达情况,并分析其与HCC临床病理指标的关系。通过生存分析比较不同Mal2表达水平患者的生存情况,并分析影响HCC患者生存情况的危险因素。结果:Mal2蛋白在HCC肿瘤组织中的表达水平显著高于正常肝组织(P0.05)。Mal2蛋白表达水平增高与HCC患者血管侵犯、淋巴结转移和较高的TNM分期相关。生存分析表明Mal2蛋白高表达组患者术后生存率显著低于低表达组患者(P0.05)。Mal2阳性表达、血管癌栓形成、淋巴结转移及较高的TNM分期是影响HCC患者术后生存时间的独立危险因素。结论:Mal2蛋白在HCC组织中呈过表达趋势,且与肿瘤转移密切相关,可能在HCC的诊断与预后判断中有一定的应用价值。     

TROP2在卵巢浆液性囊腺癌中的表达及其与预后的关系

目的:探讨TROP2在不同卵巢组织中的表达及其与卵巢浆液性囊腺癌患者临床病理因素之间的关系,明确TROP2表达是否与卵巢浆液性囊腺癌患者预后有关。方法:应用免疫组化法检测TROP2在98例卵巢浆液性囊腺癌组织及50例正常卵巢组织中的表达情况,分析TROP2表达与卵巢浆液性囊腺癌患者临床病理特征的关系,采用COX比例风险回归模型分析影响卵巢浆液性囊腺癌患者预后的因素。结果:TROP2在卵巢浆液性囊腺癌、正常卵巢组织中的表达阳性率分别为55.1%及24.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。TROP2表达与卵巢浆液性囊腺癌患者年龄无显著相关(P0.05),而与患者有无淋巴结转移,组织学分级和临床分期有显著相关(P0.05);临床分期、病理组织学分级、术后残余灶大小、TROP2基因表达均为影响卵巢浆液性囊腺癌患者预后的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:TROP2可能成为卵巢浆液性囊腺癌患者治疗的新靶点。     

MMP11在肺鳞癌和腺癌组织中的表达及与预后的关系

MMP11属于MMPs家族,它与肿瘤的浸润转移密切相关.探讨MMP11在肺鳞癌和腺癌组织中的表达,及其与浸润转移和预后的关系.应用免疫组化检测50例肺鳞癌和38例肺腺癌组织中MMP11蛋白的表达.结果显示,MMP11在肺鳞癌和腺癌组织中的阳性率分别为68.0%(34/50)和73.7%(28/38)(P=0.563).MMP11的阳性率随着肺癌T分期的增加、淋巴结转移和TNM分期的增加而增加(P<0.05).Kaplan-meier单因素生存分析显示,MMP11表达(P=0.001)、T分期(P=0.009)、淋巴结转移(P<0.001)和TNM分期(P<0.001)对生存期的影响有统计学意义.Cox多因素分析显示,只有TNM分期(P=0.028)是肺癌的独立预后危险因素,MMP11(P=0.105)不是肺癌的独立预后危险因素.MMP11的表达与肺癌的浸润、转移及生存期密切相关.     

胃癌组织中COX-2和nm23的表达及意义

目的:探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和nm23蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及意义.方法:应用免疫组化方法检测了52胃癌组织及20正常胃黏膜中COX-2和nm23的表达,并在显微镜下计数阳性细胞数,统计比较胃癌组织和正常组织中COX-2和nm23的阳性表达率.结果:COX-2蛋白在胃癌组织和正常胃黏膜组织中阳性表达率分别为67.3%和5.0%,胃癌组织中COX-2蛋白阳性率显著高于正常胃黏膜(P＜0.01).nm23蛋白在胃癌组织和正常胃黏膜组织中阳性表达率分别为30.7%和75.0%,胃癌组织中nm23蛋白阳性率显著低于正常胃黏膜(P＜0.01).COX-2的异常表达与肿瘤细胞分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期显著相关(P＜0.05).nm23阳性表达率与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期显著相关(P＜0.05),而与肿瘤细胞分化程度无显著性相关(P＞0.05).结论:COX-2与nm23表达与胃癌的临床病理特征密切相关.COX-2与nm23可作为反映胃癌侵袭转移、判断预后的生物学指标.     

TGR5和CDX2在胃黏膜肠化生及胃癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptor,TGR5)和尾型同源盒2(Caudal type homeobox 2,CDX2)在胃黏膜肠化生(Intestinal Metaplasia,IM)及胃癌中的表达和意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学染色法检测TGR5和CDX2在57例慢性胃炎、85例IM、98例胃癌组织中的表达。比较各组间TGR5和CDX2的表达差异,并分析其与胃癌临床病理参数的关系及与胃癌患者预后的关系。利用Spearman秩相关检验分析TGR5和CDX2表达的相关性。结果:IM和胃癌组织中TGR5的高表达率分别为54.1%和58.2%,二者比较无显著差异(P0.05),但均显著高于慢性胃炎组织(P0.01)。TGR5高表达与胃癌患者TNM分期(III+IV期)(P=0.004)、淋巴结转移(P=0.046)及预后较差(P=0.006)相关。胃癌组织中CDX2的高表达率(30.6%)较IM组织(48.2%)显著降低(P0.05),但其均显著高于慢性胃炎组织(P0.01)。CDX2高表达与胃癌患者TNM分期(I+II期)(P=0.008)、无淋巴结转移(P=0.014)、预后较好(P=0.023)相关。TGR5和CDX2表达在慢性胃炎和IM中无相关性(P0.05),在胃癌中呈显著正相关(P=0.003)。结论:TGR5和CDX2在IM和胃癌组织中均显著上调,可能参与了IM和胃癌的发生发展。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.