广东景天科植物新记录属——石莲属

报道发现于阳山县的广东省植物新记录属,即景天科石莲属(Sinocrassula Berger),描述新记录种石莲[S. indica (Decne.) Berger]的主要形态特征。凭证标本存放于南方医科大学植物标本馆。     

封面植物介绍——秦岭石蝴蝶

<正>秦岭石蝴蝶(Petrocosmea qinlingensis W.T.Wang),隶属于苦苣苔科,石蝴蝶属,是本属分布最北缘的种,为多年生宿根草本。叶7~12枚,具长或短柄;叶片草质,宽卵形、菱状卵形或近圆形,长0.7~3cm,宽0.7~2.8cm,顶端圆形或钝,基部宽楔形,边缘浅波状或有不明显圆齿,两面疏被贴服短柔毛。花序2~6,顶生1花。花萼5裂达基部,外面疏被短柔毛;花冠淡紫色,外面疏被贴服短柔毛,内面在上唇被白色柔毛;花冠筒长约2.8mm,上唇长约4.8mm,2深裂,下唇与上唇近等长,3深裂,所有裂片近长圆形,顶端圆形。     

封面植物介绍——秦岭石蝴蝶

秦岭石蝴蝶(Petrocosmea qinlingensis W.T.Wang),隶属于苦苣苔科,石蝴蝶属,是本属分布最北缘的种,为多年生宿根草本。叶7~12枚,具长或短柄;叶片草质,宽卵形、菱状卵形或近圆形,长0.7~3cm,宽0.7~2.8cm,顶端圆形或钝,基部宽楔形,边缘浅波状或有不明显圆齿,两面疏被贴服短柔毛。花序2~6,顶生1花。花萼5裂达基部,外面疏被短柔毛;花冠淡紫色,外面疏被贴服短柔毛,内面在上唇被白色柔毛;花冠筒长约2.8mm,上唇长约4.8mm,2深裂,下唇与上唇近等长,3深裂,所有裂片近长圆形,顶端圆形。     

封面植物介绍——秦岭石蝴蝶

<正>秦岭石蝴蝶(Petrocosmea qinlingensis W.T.Wang),隶属于苦苣苔科,石蝴蝶属,是本属分布最北缘的种,为多年生宿根草本。叶7~12枚,具长或短柄;叶片草质,宽卵形、菱状卵形或近圆形,长0.7~3cm,宽0.7~2.8cm,顶端圆形或钝,基部宽楔形,边缘浅波状或有不明显圆齿,两面疏被贴服短柔毛。花序2~6,顶生1花。花萼5裂达基部,外面疏被短柔毛;花冠淡紫色,外面疏被贴服短柔毛,内面在上唇被白色柔毛;花冠筒长约2.8mm,上唇长约4.8mm,2深裂,下唇与上唇近等长,3深裂,所有裂片近长圆形,顶端圆形。     

可产"钻石"的植物——白木香

沉香(agarwood)为热带常绿乔木沉香属(Aquilaria Lam.)植物含树脂的木材,为名贵中药和香料.沉香属植物在全世界约20种,分布于亚洲南部热带亚热带地区[1].其中,白木香[Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.)Spreng.]为中国特有种,亦是《中国药典》收载沉香的正品基原植物,主要分布于海南、广东、云南、广西等地. 白木香又名土沉香、女儿香、莞香,乔木,叶近革质,椭圆形、长圆形或倒卵形,长5～9 cm,先端骤尖,基部宽楔形,上面光亮,两面无毛,侧脉15～20对;叶柄长5～7 mm,被毛;花数朵组成伞形花序;蒴果卵状球形,长2～3 cm,绿色,密被黄色柔毛,2瓣裂,每瓣具1种子;种子褐色,卵球形,长约1 cm,疏被毛,基部附属体长约1.5cm,先端具短尖头[2].     

石蝴蝶属一新种——黄斑石蝴蝶

描述了苦苣苔科（Gesneriaceae）石蝴蝶属(Petrocosmea Oliv.)一新种——黄斑石蝴蝶(P.xanthomaculata G.Q.Gou et X.Y.Wang)。新种与贵州石蝴蝶（P.cavaleriei Lévl.）相近,但叶多数,20～40枚,叶基心形,花冠白色,在裂片之间具明显黄色斑纹,苞片小,长约1 mm,花柱除上部外密被开展的白色长柔毛而不同。     

紫玉盘

正紫玉盘(Uvaria macrophylla Roxb.)为番荔枝科(Annonaceae)紫玉盘属植物,直立或攀缘灌木。幼枝、幼叶、花序轴或果序轴均被星状柔毛。叶革质,长倒卵形或长椭圆形,长10～23 cm,宽5～11 cm,顶端急尖或钝,基部近心形或圆形。花1～2朵与叶对生,红色,直径2.5～3.5 cm;花瓣6片,2轮,内外轮花瓣相似,卵形,长约2 cm,宽约1.3 cm;雄蕊线形,长约9 mm,药隔卵形,无毛,最外面的雄蕊常退化;心皮长圆形,长约5 mm,每枚心皮有胚珠6～8颗,2列。成熟心皮卵状,长     

假鹰爪

<正>假鹰爪(Desmos chinensis Lour.)隶属于番荔枝科(Annonaceae)假鹰爪属植物,直立或攀缘灌木。叶薄纸质,长圆形或椭圆形,长4～13 cm,宽2～5 cm,顶端钝或急尖,基部楔形至近圆形。花单朵与叶对生或互生,有时顶生;花梗长2～5.5 cm,无毛:萼片卵形;内外轮花瓣长圆形或长圆状披针形,外轮花瓣较大,长达9 cm,宽约2 cm,内轮花瓣长约7 cm,宽约1.5 cm;花托顶端平或略凹陷:雄蕊长圆形,药隔顶端截形;心皮长1～1.5 mm,被长柔毛;果成熟时长2～5cm,具柄;柱头近头状,     

关于二色锦鸡儿与云南锦鸡儿的分类学问题

对二色锦鸡儿(Caragana bicolor Kom.)与云南锦鸡儿(C.franchetiana Kom.)的鉴别特征进行了研究,认为云南锦鸡儿小叶较大(5～9 mm×3～3.5 mm),针刺较长(4～8 cm),花萼一般呈黄褐色,近纸质,萼齿狭三角形,长3 mm,约为萼筒的1/3,而二色锦鸡儿的小叶较小(3～8 mm×2～4 mm),针刺较短(2～3 cm),花萼一般呈深褐色,近革质,萼齿狭披针形,长约为萼筒的2/3或与萼筒近等长.支持赵一之将吉隆锦鸡儿(C.gyirongensis Ni)归并入云南锦鸡儿,同时将产于西藏林芝及云南德钦一带的粗刺锦鸡儿(C.crassispina Marq.)降为云南锦鸡儿的变种,对其做了新组合.     

中国栘木衣属（Docynia Dcne.）一新种——长爪栘木衣

报道了栘木衣属一新种,长爪栘木衣(Docynia longisunguis Q.Luo et J.L.Liu)。该新种与栘木衣(Docynia indica(Will.) Dcne.)和云南栘木衣(Docynia delavayi (Franch.)Schneid.)相似,但以花较大,直径3.5~4 cm,花瓣长20～25 mm,宽12～16 mm,基部具长爪,长5～9 mm,雄蕊46～53;子房5～6（7）,花柱5～6（7）;果径3～4.5 cm,而与它们相区别。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Molecular phylogeny of Phebalium (Rutaceae: Boronieae) and related genera based on the nrDNA regions ITS 1+2

Parsimony analyses of the internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS 1 & ITS 2) for 38 taxa sampled from the Phebalium group (Rutaceae: Boronieae) and two outgroups confirm that, with the exception of Phebalium sensu stricto and Rhadinothamnus, six of the currently recognised genera within the group are monophyletic. The data indicate that Phebaliums. str. is paraphyletic with respect to Microcybe, and Rhadinothamnus is paraphyletic with respect to Chorilaena. Rhadinothamnus and Chorilaena together are the sister group to Nematolepis. Drummondita, included as an outgroup taxon, clustered within the ingroup as sister to Muiriantha and related to Asterolasia.The phylogeny suggests that the evolution of major clades within a number of these genera (e.g. Phebalium) relates to vicariance events between eastern and south-western Australia. Leionema is an eastern genus, with the most basal taxon being the morphologically distinct Leionema ellipticum from northern Queensland. Leionema also includes one species from New Zealand, but this species (as with some others) proved difficult to sequence and its phylogenetic position remains unknown. Taxonomic changes at the generic level are recommended.The authors wish to thank Paul G.Wilson, PERTH, for advice and discussion, and Paul Forster, BRI, for collecting and providing material of Leionema ellipticum. The project was supported by a Melbourne University Postgraduate Award (to BM), the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), Australian Systematic Botany Society and Wolf Den (Australia) Investments.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

安徽牯牛降的丝孢菌Ⅰ

本文报导作者采自安徽枯牛降自然保护区的18种丝孢菌,分属于5个属,其中有3个新种:牛皮冻生尾孢(Cercospora paederiicola),山鸡椒假尾饱(Pseudocercospora litseae-cubebae),鸡血藤生假尾孢(P. millettiicola)和2个中国新纪录。文中对新种进行了描述及绘图,新记录种作了简要说明。研究的标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

Changes of dung beetle communities from rainforests towards agroforestry systems and annual cultures in Sulawesi (Indonesia)

Little is known about how tropical land-use systems contribute to the conservation of functionally important insect groups, including dung beetles. In a study at the margin of Lore Lindu National Park (a biodiversity hotspot in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia) dung-beetle communities were sampled in natural forest, young secondary forest, agroforestry systems (cacao plantations with shade trees) and annual cultures (maize fields), each with four replicates (n = 16 sites). At each site we used 10 pitfall traps, baited with cattle dung, along a 100 m transect for six 3-day periods. The number of trapped specimens and species richness at the natural forest sites was higher than in all land-use systems, which did not significantly differ. Each land-use system contained, on average, 75% of the species richness of the natural forest, thereby indicating their importance for conservation. However, a two-dimensional scaling plot based on NESS indices (m = 6) indicated distinct dung beetle communities for both forest types, while agroforestry systems and annual cultures exhibited a pronounced overlap. Mean body size of dung beetles was not significantly influenced by land-use intensity. Five of the six most abundant dung beetle species were recorded in all habitats, whereas the abundance of five other species was significantly related to habitat type. Mean local abundance and number of occupied sites were closely correlated, further indicating little habitat specialisation. The low dung beetle diversity (total of 18 recorded species) may be due to the absence of larger mammals in Sulawesi during historical times, even though Sulawesi is the largest island of Wallacea. In conclusion, the dung beetle fauna of the lower montane forest zone in Central Sulawesi appears to be relatively robust to man-made habitat changes and the majority of species did not exhibit strong habitat preferences.     

New species and new combinations in Peruvian Orchidaceae

seventeen new species and combinations are proposed in the generaChondrorhyncha, Cischweinfia, Cochlioda, Eloyella, Encyclia, Kefersteinia, Koellensteinia, Macroclinium, Rodriguezia, Solenidiopsis, andStenia. All new species are illustrated. A key is provided for 2-flowered species ofMacroclinium, PeruvianSigmatostalix, and PeruvianStenia. Solenidium (Solenidiopsis) peruvianum Schltr. is lectotypified.     

Die GattungKarschia — Bindeglied zwischen bitunicaten Ascomyceten und lecanoralen Flechtenpilzen?

The genusKarschia, in the earlier sense, including saprophytes and parasites on lichens, has been thought to be a non-lichenized parallel genus of the lichen genusBuellia. Modern workers included it on the one hand inBuellia, on the other hand combined it with bitunicate ascomycetes. It is now proved thatKarschia is heterogeneous and contains but superficially similar members both of the genusBuellia of theLecanorales and of typical or masked bitunicateAscomycetes. Therefore, it can not be regarded as a link betweenLecanorales andDothideales. The type species ofKarschia belongs to theDothideales.