变色马兜铃中银袋醌的分子结构研究

从变色马兜铃Ａｒｉｓｔｏｌｏｓｈｉａ ｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌａｒ Ｓ．Ｍ．Ｈｗａｎｇ的根中分离到一个新的倍半萜醌,命名为银袋醌（Ｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｑｕｉｎｏｎｅ）,橙黄色短毛发状结晶,ｍｐ２９０－２９６℃（分解）,分子式Ｃ１５Ｈ１６Ｏ５,依靠１Ｈ－１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ ＣＯＬＯＣ谱和选择性远程ＤＥＰＴ谱,其分子结构补阐明为４,８－二羟基－３,６－二甲基－５－（２－羟基异丙基）－１,２－萘二酮。体外试验对人肝癌细胞     

鞭打绣球中的苯丙素甙和环烯醚萜甙

从鞭打绣球（ＨｅｍｉｐｈｒａｇｍａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍＷａｌｌ．）（玄参科）的全草中分离到２个新的苯丙素甙,命名为鞭打绣球甙Ａ和Ｂ（ｈｅｍｉｐｈｒｏｓｉｄｅＡａｎｄＢ）,２个已知的苯丙素甙,ｐｌａｎｔａｍａｊｏｓｉｄｅ和ｐｌａｎｔａｉｎｏｓｉｄｅＤ,以及３个已知的环烯醚萜甙,ｇｌｏｂｕｌａｒｉｃｉｓｉｎ,ｇｌｏｂｕｌａｒｉｎ和ｉｓｏ－ｓｃｒｏｐｈｕｌａｒｉｏｓｉｄｅ．通过化学和光谱分析,鞭打绣球甙Ａ和Ｂ的结构分别鉴定为２－（３－羟基－４－甲氧基苯基）乙基０－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→３）－４－Ｏ－反式阿魏醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖试和２－（３,４－二羟基苯基）乙基Ｏ－［６－Ｏ－乙醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→３）］－４－Ｏ－反式咖啡醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙．     

中国秋海棠属二新种

１宜山秋海棠新种图１：３～４ＢｅｇｏｎｉａｙｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＫｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（Ｓｅｃｔ．ＣｏｅｌｏｃｅｎｔｒｕｍＩｒｍｓｃｈ．）．Ｆｉｇ．１：３～４ＨａｂｉｔｕｓｉｍｉｌｉｓＢ．ｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉＣ．Ｙ．Ｗｕ,ｑｕａｅｒｈｉｚｏｍａｔｅｂ...     

海南岛东部近海新第三纪孢粉植物群

根据ＢＤ２３－１－１井与孢子花粉共生的海相浮游有孔虫和钙质超微化石,论述了中国海南岛东部近海新第三纪各个时期的孢粉植物群特征。建立了４个孢粉组合,它们是：１．Ｑｕｅｒｃｏｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｕｐｕｌｉｆｅｒｏｉｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｆｌｏｒｓｈｕｅｔｚｉａ－Ｄｉｃｏｌｐｏｐｏｌｉｓ组合（早中新世晚期）;２．Ｄｉｃｏｌｐｏｐｏｌｉｓ－Ｅｘｔｒａ－ｐｕｎｃｔａｔｏｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｔａｘｏｄｉａｃｅａｅｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ组合（中中新世早期）;３．Ａｂｉｅｔｉｎｅａｅｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉ－ａｃｅａｅｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ组合（中中新世晚期至晚中新世）;４．Ａｂｉｅｔｉｎｅａｅｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｐｅｒｓｉｃａｒｉｏｉｐｏｌｉｓ组合（晚中新世晚期至早上新世）。孢粉植物群反映了海南岛东部近海新第三纪的气候基本上一直比较温暖湿润,并且逐渐降温的历程。     

道路农田防护林系统水分关系研究

道路农田防护林系统水分关系研究任勇,王佑民（北京林业大学,１０００８３）（西北林学院,陕西杨陵７１２１００）ＷａｔｃｒＲｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎＦａｒｍｌａｎｄＳｈｅｌｔｅｒｂｅｌｔＳｙｓｔｅｍｂｙｔｈｅＲｏａｄｓ．ＲｅｎＹｏｎｇ￥（ＢｅｉｊｉｎｉｇＦｏｒｅｓｌｒｙＵｚｉｕｅｒｓｉｔｙ,１０００８３）,ＷａｎｇＹｏｕｍｉｎ（ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙ,Ｙａｎｇｌｉｎｇ,Ｓｈａａｎｘｉ,７１２１００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（４）：ｌ－６．ＩｎｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｌｏｅｓｓｐｌａｔｅａｕｔｏＮｏｒｔｈＷｅｉＲｉｖｅｒ,２０－１００ｃｍｓｏｉｌｌａｖｅｒｉｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｌａｖｅｒｆｒｏｍｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｒｏｏｔｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆＰ．×ｄａｋｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓＨｓｕａｂｓｏｒｂｓｗａｔｅｒ,ａｎｄ０－０．１ＨｉｓｔｈｅｒａｎｇｅｉｎｗｈｉｃｈＰ．×ｄａｋｕａ－ｎｅｎｓｉｓｂｙｔｈｅｒｏａｄｓｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙａｆｆｄｃｔｓｂｙｔｈｅｒｏａｄｓｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｓｍｏｉｓｔｕｒｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｆａｒｍｌａｎｄ．Ｔｈｅａｎｎｕａｌ     

湘中锡矿山邵东组和孟公坳组孢子组合——兼论泥盆—石炭系界线

湘中锡矿山邵东组和孟公坳组共产小孢子４５属８３种（含１０个新种,３个新联合）可划分为４个孢子组合,即：Ｒｅｔｓｉｐｏｒａｌｅｐｉｄｏｐｈｙｔａ－Ａｐｉｃｕｌｉｒｅｔｕｓｉｓｐｏｒａｆｒｕｃｔｉｃｏｓａ（ＬＦ）组合,Ｒｕｇｏｓｐｏｒａｃｆ．ｆｌｅｘｕｏｓａ－Ｒｅｔｉｓｐｏｒａｌｅｐｉｄｏｐｈｙｔａ（ＦＬ）组合,Ｌｏｐｈｏｚｏｎｏｔｒｉｌｅｔｅｓｅｘｃｉｓｕｓ－Ｒｅｔｉｓｐｏｒａｌｅｐｉｄｏｐｈｙｔａ     

长梗千里光中的呋喃雅槛兰型倍半萜

长梗千里光（ＳｅｎｅｃｉｏｋａｓｃｈｋａｒｏｖｉｉＣ．Ｗｉｎｋｌ．）为菊科千里光属的多年生草本植物,广布于甘肃省东南部的灌木丛中及林边草地,四川、青海也有分布［１］。其化学成分未见报道。千里光属植物的主要成分是双稠吡咯啶生物碱和呋喃雅槛兰型倍半萜［２,３］。前者具有抗癌活性,但也有致癌、致畸等毒性［４］。我们从长梗千里光的地上部分分离到两个呋喃雅槛兰型倍半萜（１）和（２）,通过ＵＶ、ＩＲ、ＭＳ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ和１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ等光谱分析,确定化合物１为１α－乙酰氧基－６β－当归酰氧基－１０β－羟基－…     

多荚草中的新三萜皂甙

从石竹科植物多荚草（Ｐｏｌｙｃａｒｐｏｎ ｐｒｏｓｔｒａｔｕｍ（Ｆｏｒｓｓｋ．）Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ．ｅｔ Ｓｃｈｗｅｉｎ．ｅｘ Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ）中分离得到３个新的柴胡皂甙类化合物：ｐｒｏｓｔｒａｔｏｓｉｄｅ Ａ￣Ｃ（１￣３）。它们的结构通过波谱方法分别鉴定为：３－Ｏ－｛β－Ｄ－ｘｙｌｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ－（１→２）－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ－（１→４）－「β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙ     

高乌头的一个新异名——金城乌头

高乌头ＡｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｓｉｎｏｍｏｎｔａｎｕｍＮａｋａｉｉｎＲｅｐ．１ｓｔ．Ｓｃｉ．Ｅｘｐ．Ｍａｎｃｈ．４（２）：１４６,ｆ．９．１９３５;Ｗ．Ｔ．ＷａｎｇｉｎＦｌ．Ｒｅｉｐ．Ｐｏｐ．Ｓｉｎ．２７：１６８,ｐｌ．２８：１～４．１９７９———Ａ．ｊｉｎ...     

滇产圆滑番荔枝中的番荔枝内酯

从滇南产的圆滑番荔枝的种子中得到４个番荔枝内酯,４－ｄｅｘｏｘｙｃｈｅｒｉｍｏｌｉｎ－２（１）,ｃｈｅｒｉｍｏｌｉｎ－２（２）,ａｎｎｏｎｉｎＩ（３）和ｄｅｓａｃｅｔｙｌｕｖａｒｉｃｉｎ（４）。其中１为新化合物。     

Infection status with helminthes in feral cats purchased from a market in Busan, Republic of Korea

The present study was performed to investigate the infection status with helminth in a group of feral cats in Korea. More than 29 helminth species including adults or eggs were detected in visceral and fecal samples of the examined cats. Among these were a host of nematodes, including toxocarids, Ancylostoma sp. and the larva of Anisakis simplex; trematodes, including Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani, Eurytrema pancreaticum, Pharyngostomum cordatum, Metagonimus spp., Heterophyes nocens, Pygidiopsis summa, Heterophyopsis continua, Stictodora fuscata, Stictodora lari, Acanthotrema felis, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Centrocestus armatus, Procerovum varium, Cryptocotyle sp., Echinostoma revolutum, Echinostoma hortense, Echinochasmus japonicus, Stephanoprora sp., Plagiorchis muris, Neodiplostomum sp. and diplostomulum. We also detected a variety of cestodes, including Spirometra erinacei, Taenia taeniaeformis and unidentified species of tapeworm. We also found examples of the acanthocephalan, Bolbosoma sp. In our assessment of the stools, we detected at least 12 species of helminth eggs. These findings confirmed that feral cats in Korea are infected with a variety of helminth parasite species. Furthermore, among the helminths detected, E. pancreaticum, S. fuscata, S. lari, A. felis, S. falcatus, C. armatus, P. varium, Cryptocotyle sp., E. revolutum, E. japonicus, Stephanoprora sp., P. muris, Neodiplostomum sp. and Bolbosoma sp. represent helminth fauna which have not been reported previously in feral cats in the Republic of Korea.     

中国海南省金小蜂分类研究（膜翅目：小蜂总科：金小蜂科）

首次系统研究并报道了中国海南省分布的金小蜂,记录１５属１９种,编制了属种检索表。同时初步探讨了海南省与洲、非洲之间在金小蜂分布上的关系。     

世界柽麦蛾属支序生物地理学研究（鳞翅目： 麦蛾科）

基于对世界柽麦蛾属昆虫外部形态和外生殖器的形态学研究,选择了66个性状演变系列,通过PAUP*4b10软件对柽麦蛾属51种昆虫进行了支序系统学分析。分析结果认为heluanensis种团并不是一个单系群,柽麦蛾属被重新作了7个种团的划分。在支序系统学分析的基础上,柽麦蛾属昆虫的14个地理分布区域等级关系被重建,显示出古地中海地区复杂的历史,同时说明在该属分布格局中扩散事件客观存在。     

Chromosome numbers of European blackberries (Rubus subg.Rubus,Rosaceae)

Chromosome numbers are presented for 32 collections of 29 European blackberry species (Rubus subg.Rubus) from Germany. One species is triploid (2n = 21), 27 species are tetraploid, (2n = 28), and one species is pentaploid (2n = 35). Chromosome numbers are reported for the first time ofR. adspersus, R. amisiensis, R. calvus, R. conothyrsoides, R. contractipes, R. demissus, R. elegantispinosus, R. ferocior, R. foliosus, R. hypomalacus, R. leucandrus, R. nemorosus, R. platyacanthus, R. praecox, R. rhombifolius, andR. rhytidophyllus. Chromosome numbers forR. dasyphyllus, R. gelertii, R. glandithyrsos, R. lamprocaulos, R. lindebergii, R. macrophyllus, R. montanus, R. muenteri, R. pedemontanus, R. polyanthemus, R. senticosus, R. silvaticus, andR. vigorosus are confirmed.     

Sixteen new species of Thelypteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Bolivia

We describe 16 new species of Thelypteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Bolivia: T. aymarae, T. chaparensis, T. fasciola, T. fayorum, T. inaequilateralis, T. lumbricoides, T. madidiensis, T. minima, T. nephelium, T. parva, T. pelludia, T. pilonensis, T. rosulata, T. sapechoana, T. stephanii, and T. yungensis.     

A review of studies on Pichavaram mangrove, southeast India

We studied a tropical mangrove ecosystem, situated at Pichavaram, southeast India. We found 13 species of mangrove trees, with Avicennia marinaand Rhizophora species predominant, besides 73 spp. of other plants, 52 spp. of bacteria, 23 spp. of fungi, 82 spp. of phytoplankton, 22 spp. of seaweeds, 3 spp. of seagrass, 95 spp. of zooplankton, 40 spp. of meiobenthos, 52 spp. of macrobenthos, 177 spp. of fish and 200 spp. of birds. The bacteria performed activities like photosynthesis, methanogenesis, magnetic behaviour, human pathogens and production of antibiotics and enzymes (arysulphatase, L-glutaminase, chitinase, L-asparaginase, cellulase, protease, phosphatase). The microzooplankton included tintinnids, rotifers, nauplius stages of copepods and veliger larvae of molluscs, with a predominance of tintinnids. Tintinopsis spp. alone accounted for 90% of abundance. The macrozooplankton consisted of 95% of copepods and coelenterates. The meiofauna was rich with nematodes (50–70% of the component), followed by foramifera. The macrofauna included polychaetes, bivalves, gastropods, tanaids, isopods, amphipods, cirripedes, crabs, hermit crabs and shrimps. The mangrove harboured a large number of juvenile fishes, especially during summer and post-monsoon. The water was fertile and productive in having several fold-higher levels of nutrients, microbes, plankton and other biological resources, than the adjoining estuarine, backwater and neritic environments. The gross primary production was 8 g cm^-3 d^-1; about 21% of which was contributed by phytoplankton of 5–10 m size. Unfortunately, 90% of the mangrove cover in the study area was degraded. Possible factors that cause degradation of the ecosystem are detailed and remedial measures suggested. Techniques for regeneration of the degraded areas are proposed.     

紫荆族的脉序研究

本文对代表豆科云实亚科紫荆族全部五个属．即紫荆属、腺叶紫荆属、格里芬豆属、拟羊蹄甲属和羊蹄甲属的几乎全部系或亚组的１３４个种或种下分类单元的叶脉序进行了研究,并描述了本族２０个基本脉序类型．在紫荆族中,腺叶紫荆属和拟羊蹄甲属的脉序式样非常相似;紫荆属的种类的脉式样以全绿叶,一级脉不及绿等特征组合有别于本族其它属;格里芬豆属的脉序高度特化,有别于紫荆亚族的所有类群;羊蹄甲属是叶脉序式样最多样化的类群．在羊蹄甲属中,羊蹄甲亚属和显托亚属的脉序式样非常多样化．Ｅｌａｙｕｎａ亚属的两个组和Ｂａｒｋｌｙａ亚属的脉序式样非常相似．Ｂａｒｋｌｙａ亚属的仅有种了香叶羊蹄甲的脉序仅以其叶全缘区别于Ｅｌａｙｕｎａ亚属．脉序性状支持把Ｃａｎｓｅｎｉａ系、白花羊蹄甲系、羊蹄甲系、绿花羊蹄甲亚组、总状花羊蹄甲亚组、Ｅｌａｙｕｎａ亚属、伞房系、Ｃｈｌｏｒｏｘａｎｔｈａｅ系、棒花系、掌叶组和萼管组等作为自然类群的观点．在本族植物的脉序类型中,一级脉及缘、全缘叶、发育完好的脉岛等性状常相关出现;另一方面,一级脉不及缘,具二小叶或叶深裂,脉岛发育不完善及盲脉多分枝等性状常相关出现．如同形态和花粉性状,脉序性状能为紫荆族的分类提供另一方面的佐     

Prospective Biological Control Agents of Varroa destructor n. sp., an Important Pest of the European Honeybee, Apis mellifera

This paper reviews prospective biological control agents of the varroa mite, Varroa destructor n. sp. (Acari, Mesostigmata). This ectoparasite has caused severe damage to populations of the European honeybee, Apis mellifera , world-wide in recent years. To date, no promising natural enemies of varroa species have been identified on A. mellifera or its original host, Apis cerana . Therefore, biological control will probably require natural enemies from other hosts. The following groups of organisms were reviewed as potential biological control agents: predatory mites, parasitoids and entomopathogens (nematodes, protozoa, viruses, Bacillus thuringiensis , rickettsiae, and fungi). The candidate groups were ranked according to their lethality to Acari, likely ability to operate under the physical conditions of honeybee colonies, ease of targeting, and ease of mass-production. Preferential consideration was given to the natural enemies of Acari that occupy taxonomic groups close to varroa. Entomopathogenic fungi, which kill a wide range of acarine species, were identified as prime candidates for screening against varroa. Bacillus thuringiensi s also requires study, particularly strains producing novel toxins active against non-insect hosts. Entomopathogenic protozoa and nematodes show less potential for varroa control, but nonetheless warrant preliminary investigation. We consider predators, parasitoids, viruses and rickettsiae to have little potential to control varroa. Because the physical conditions within honeybee colonies are similar everywhere, it is very likely that a biological control agent of varroa could be used successfully throughout the world.     

Distribution and insecticide resistance of the plague flea Xenopsylla cheopis in Maharashtra State, India

Distributions are reported for commensal rat fleas, predominantly Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), in the State of Maharashtra, India, including the city of Bombay, during 1965-80. The X.cheopis flea index was high in most parts of Maharashtra, but low in Bombay. Rattus rattus Linnaeus is the principal host of X.cheopis, but the host range includes Bandicota bengalensis Gray, Golunda ellioti Gray, Mus musculus Linnaeus, Rattus blandfordi Thomas, R. norvegicus Berkenhout, Suncus caerulaeus Lerr, S. murinus Linnaeus and Tatera indica Hardwicke. X.cheopis was found to have high degrees of resistance to DDT, malathion and fenthion, tolerance to gamma HCH (= gamma BCH) but susceptibility to dieldrin. This insecticide resistance situation may contribute to the high flea indices prevailing in the state, with consequent risks of plague outbreaks. Two other species of rat flea, X.astia Rothschild and X.brasiliensis (Baker) were found to be less common than previously recorded. Their apparent replacement by X.cheopis is tentatively attributed, at least partly, to the selective advantage of insecticide resistance in the latter species.