绒盖牛肝菌酸HPLC检测方法的建立及在大鼠体内的药代动力学

为建立绒盖牛肝菌酸血药浓度和各主要组织的HPLC检测方法,考察绒盖牛肝菌酸在大鼠体内的药代动力学和组织分布特点。采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,0.5μm)分离,以V(甲醇)∶V(水)=75∶25为流动相,流速1.0 m L/min,柱温25℃,检测波长243 nm。研究结果表明大鼠血浆及肝组织中的内源性物质均不干扰样品的测定,线性关系良好,大鼠灌胃绒盖牛肝菌酸符合一室模型,主要药代动力学参数Tmax为(0.76±0.21)h,Cmax为(8.76±0.81)μg/m L,t1/2为(0.18±0.28)h,AUC0-inf为(102.95±0.78)μg/(m L·h),大鼠尾静脉注射绒盖牛肝菌酸符合二室模型,主要药代动力学参数t1/2为(0.33±0.71)h,AUC_(0-inf)为(34.14±2.38)μg/(m L·h)。该方法简单快速,准确可靠,符合生物样品的测定要求,并明确了绒盖牛肝菌酸在大鼠体内的药代动力学和组织分布特征。     

黄芪甲苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学和组织分布研究

建立了固相萃取-HPLC-MS测定大鼠血浆中黄芪甲苷含量的方法,并对其在大鼠体内的药代动力学和组织分布进行了研究。分别以1,2,4 mg/kg的剂量对大鼠静脉给药,给药后2,10,20,30,60 min和1.5,2,3,4,6,8 h采集血样,同时以2 mg/kg的剂量对大鼠静脉给药,给药后20,60,240 min采集各组织,测定血浆样品和组织样品中的黄芪甲苷浓度。血药浓度-时间曲线按二室模型拟合最佳,t1/2(α)分别为12.36,7.05,15.98 min,t1/2(β)分别为69.14,73.28,95.24 min,AUC分别为277.36,415.36,623.15μg.min/mL,AUC与剂量的线性方程为y=113.64x 173.47(r=0.997),表明黄芪甲苷在大鼠体内呈线性消除。组织分布研究表明黄芪甲苷在体内分布较广。     

当归中藁本内酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC-PDA)法测定大鼠灌胃当归石油醚萃取物后藁本内酯的血药浓度。色谱条件:色谱柱BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm);流动相:乙腈-水(0.03%三氟乙酸)(45∶55,v/v);流速:0.5mL/min;检测波长:320 nm。并运用DAS 3.0药动学软件计算药动学参数,研究当归石油醚萃取物中藁本内酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学。结果显示藁本内酯在大鼠体内较符合二室模型,主要的药动参数:高、中剂量组的Cmax分别为0.38±0.04、0.33±0.02(μg/mL);t1/2β分别为4.08±0.25、3.06±0.82(h),低剂量组含量过低,无法进行定量。实验结果表明UPLC-PDA法能够较准确、灵敏的测定藁本内酯在大鼠体内的血药浓度,经比较高、中剂量组的药动参数得知,该物质呈非剂量依赖型。     

大鼠血浆中洛伐他汀的HPLC测定及药动学研究

目的:探索采用高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中洛伐他汀浓度的方法。方法:血浆样品采用环已烷-二氯甲烷(3.5:1,V/V)提取,HPLC条件为色谱柱采用XTerra(?)MSC18柱(150×2.1 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(63L37,V/V),柱温35℃,检测波长为238nm。结果:大鼠血浆中洛伐他汀在0.01～5μg/mL线性范围内线性关系良好,最低检测浓度为0.01～g/mL,方法的提取回收率为81%～95%,日内、日间RSD均小于9.55%;药代动力学结果表明洛伐他汀在雌雄大鼠体内的Tp、Cmax和AUC均有显著性差异(p<0.05)。结论:建立的HPLC方法简便、灵敏度高,重现性好,药动学研究表明洛伐他汀在大鼠体内存在性别差异。     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中来那度胺的浓度及其药动学(英文)

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中来那度胺的浓度。方法:色谱柱采用VenusilASBC18column(4.6 mm×250mm,5μm)购自于博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司。样品采用梯度洗脱,流动相为乙腈和0.05%甲酸溶液,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,以沙利度胺为内标。结果:来那度胺血药浓度的线性范围为0.1-5μg/mL,最低检测限为0.1μg/mL,三个浓度的QC样品(0.2,1 and 5μg/mL)的提取回收率分别为78.8±3.8,80.1±3.2 and 79.1±7.6%。结论:此方法准确、简便、灵敏度高,对来那度胺的血药浓度测定和药物代谢动力学研究极具价值。     

素馨花提取物橄榄苦苷在大鼠体内药代动力学研究

本文对素馨花中提取纯化所得橄榄苦苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程进行研究。将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为橄榄苦苷100、200、400 mg/kg剂量组,灌胃(i.g.)给药后不同时间采血,离心,血浆经甲醇-乙腈沉淀蛋白后,HPLC测定不同时间点大鼠血浆中橄榄苦苷的含量。各给药组平均血药浓度-时间数据应用3P97软件进行药代动力学参数分析,组间药动学参数用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果表明,橄榄苦苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程符合二室模型,低、中、高剂量组的t1/2、CL/F、AUC差异具有显著的统计学意义,其中t1/2、CL/F随给药剂量的增大而增大;AUC随剂量的增大,呈先减小后增大的趋势,橄榄苦苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学呈非线性过程。     

LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中的野黄芩苷含量

目的:建立LC-MS/MS的分析方法测定大鼠血浆中的野黄芩苷,研究灯盏生脉胶囊中野黄芩苷在大鼠体内的药动学行为。方法:以噻氯匹定为内标,血浆样品经1%甲酸乙腈沉淀蛋白处理后,用LC-MS/MS法测定血浆中的野黄芩苷浓度。结果:野黄芩苷线性范围为1.31～670.00 ng·mL-1(γ0.999),最低定量浓度为1.31 ng·mL-1,回收率、日内、日间考察均符合生物样品分析要求。实验结果显示,野黄芩苷在大鼠体内出现多峰现象。结论:建立的LC-MS/MS定量分析方法灵敏、准确,可用于大鼠血浆中野黄芩苷的测定及其药代动力学研究。     

LC-MS/MS法同时测定大鼠血浆中地榆皂苷Ⅰ和地榆皂苷Ⅱ的血药浓度及其药代动力学

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)同时测定大鼠血浆中的地榆皂苷Ⅰ和地榆皂苷Ⅱ,并在此基础上研究这两种活性物质在大鼠体内的药代动力学。样品前处理采用沉淀蛋白法,选用Ultimate XB-C8色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3μm,Welch,USA),采用Sciex 4000 Q-TRAP型三重四级杆串联质谱,电喷雾(ESI)源,多级反应监测(MRM)负离子模式。血浆中地榆皂苷Ⅰ和地榆皂苷Ⅱ的标准曲线线性范围均为1～2 000 ng/mL(相关系数R0.995),本方法灵敏、快速且稳定。大鼠口服给予地榆标准品后,吸收较快,绝对生物利用度(F_(abs))较小。所建立的方法可准确、快速、灵敏地检测大鼠血浆中地榆皂苷Ⅰ和地榆皂苷Ⅱ的血药浓度,适用于临床前的药代动力学研究。     

LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮浓度

目的:建立快速、灵敏测定大鼠血浆中5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮(DPHA)的LCMS/MS方法。方法:血浆样品经正己烷萃取后进行分析,采用Kinetex XB-C18色谱柱(2.10 mm×50 mm,2.6μm),柱温40℃,以水(含0.01%甲酸)-甲醇(含0.01%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.30 m L/min,ESI离子源,多反应离子监测(MRM),用于定量分析的离子对为m/z 329.2→163.0,内标化合物益智酮甲为313.1→137.0。结果:DPHA的线性范围为1.0～2000.0 ng/mL(r=0.9996),最低定量限为1.0 ng/m L;提取回收率为73.53%～85.77%,基质效应为99.63%～110.50%;日内和日间精密度RSD均低于15%,重复性好。用该法测定静脉注射给药DPHA(1.0 mg/kg)后0.5 h大鼠血药浓度为36.2±5.1 ng/m L(n=4,RSD=14.0%)。结论:本法经方法学验证,适用于大鼠血浆中DPHA浓度的测定,适合药代动力学研究。     

不同水温下氟甲砜霉素在斑点叉尾鮰体内的药代动力学研究

研究不同水温(18℃和28℃)条件下,单剂量(10mg/kgb·w)强饲氟甲砜霉素,在斑点叉尾鮰(Ictaluruspunc-tatus)体内药代动力学特征.采用高效液相色谱紫外检测法可以同时检测血浆中氟甲砜霉素及其代谢物氟甲砜霉素的浓度.用3p97药代动力学软件处理药时数据.结果表明:在不同水温条件下氟甲砜霉素在斑点叉尾鮰体内的药时数据均符合一室开放式模型.药时规律符合理论方程C血浆=71921(e-0.036t-e-0.18t)和C血浆=91061(e-0.081t-e-0.301t).18℃和28℃的条件下,主要药代动力学参数:吸收半衰期T1/2ka分别为31845h和21301h,消除半衰期T1/2ke分别为191118h和81519h,达峰时间Tpeak分别为111136h和51953h,最大血药浓度Cmax分别为41074μg/mL和41226μg/mL,曲线下面积AUC分别为1741547(μg/mL)/h和811279(μg/mL)/h,平均驻留时间MRT分别为271581h和121290h,相对表观分布容积V/F(c)分别为11580L/kg和115121L/kg.采用氟甲砜霉素防治斑点叉尾鮰细菌性疾病,建议在18℃左右口服10mg/kg体重剂量的氟甲砜霉素,2d给药1次;在28℃左右口服10mg/kg体重剂量的氟甲砜霉素,1d给药1次.试验过程中在斑点叉尾鮰血浆样品中未检测到氟甲砜霉素的主要代谢物氟甲砜霉素胺.       

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.