复方中药提取物对训练大鼠不同状态下脑组织自由基代谢的影响

目的:为探讨"复方中药提取物"对训练大鼠脑组织自由基代谢和抗氧化系统能力的影响及机制。方法:选取105只健康Wistar大鼠,随机分为3组(n=35):对照组(N)、训练组(T)和训练服药组(TM)。适应性喂养1周后,训练组和训练服药组递增时间游泳训练8周。9周后将3组大鼠分别于安静状态、定量负荷、力竭即刻、力竭恢复12 h、力竭恢复24 h状态下处死。测定上述3组大鼠脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活性。结果:五种状态下,训练组和训练服药组MDA含量均不同程度低于对照组,训练服药组低于训练组,训练组和训练服药组GSH-Px、GSH、SOD、T-AOC活性不同程度的高于对照组,训练服药不同程度高于训练组。结论:"复方中药提取物"可降低不同功能状态下训练大鼠脑组织中的MDA含量,提高其脑组织GSH-PX、GSH、SOD、T~AOC活性。     

小麦低聚肽抗疲劳活性研究

目的：探讨小麦低聚肽对力竭游泳运动大鼠的抗疲劳作用。方法：选取60只8周龄健康SD大鼠（实测样本53只）,随机分为5组,即安静对照组（C组）、运动对照组（E组）和安静营养组（CW组）、运动营养组（EW组）、运动营养大剂量组（EHW组）［灌胃剂量分别为20、20、100 mg/（kg·d）］,每组12只,每天灌胃1次。E组、EW组和EHW组进行游泳训练,C组和CW组不进行训练。4周后,E组、EW组和EHW组大鼠进行力竭游泳实验,记录力竭运动时间。休息24 h后,取各组大鼠骨骼肌组织,测定骨骼肌糖原和MDA含量、骨骼肌SOD和GSH Px活性。结果：小麦低聚肽可显著延长大鼠力竭运动时间,促进力竭运动后大鼠骨骼肌糖原的含量的恢复,提高力竭运动后大鼠骨骼肌SOD和GSH Px的活性,降低骨骼肌MDA的含量。结论：高剂量小麦低聚肽具有较好的抗疲劳活性。     

竹节参对大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体抗氧化能力的研究

目的:探讨竹节参对大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体抗氧化能力的影响,为该药运用于抗运动疲劳提供理论依据。方法:将大鼠随机分为安静对照组,大强度耐力训练组(训练组),大强度耐力训练+竹节人参组(训练加药组),测定心肌线粒体脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,研究竹节参对大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体的保护作用。结果:力竭运动引起大鼠心肌线粒体MDA、H2O2含量显著升高(P0.01),心肌线粒体抗氧化酶CAT、GSH-Px、SOD活性显著下降(P0.01);训练加药组大鼠心肌线粒体MDA、H2O2含量明显低于训练组(P0.01),CAT、GSH-Px、SOD活性明显高于训练组。结论:竹节参可明显提高大强度耐力训练大鼠心肌线粒体的抗氧化能力,保护心肌线粒体的氧化损伤。     

沙棘汁对大鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢和血液血红蛋白、肌酸激酶、睾酮的影响

目的:探讨沙棘汁对大鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢和血液部分生化指标的影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为安静组、训练组、沙棘训练组,6周训练和补充沙棘汁后,测定大鼠骨骼肌和血液的有关指标。结果:沙棘训练组与训练组相比,运动至力竭的时间明显延长;骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性明显升高,丙二醛(MDA)含量极为显著降低;血睾酮(T)和血红蛋白(Hb)均明显升高;肌酸激酶(CK)显著降低。结论:沙棘汁能增强大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力,提高血睾酮和血红蛋白水平,延缓疲劳出现,提高其有氧耐力运动的能力。     

复方中药提取物对大鼠不同状态下脑组织自由基代谢影响的研究

目的:探讨复方中药提取物对大鼠脑组织自由基代谢和抗氧化系统能力的影响机制。方法:选取70只健康Wistar大鼠,随机分为2组(n=35):对照组(N)和服药组(M)。适应性喂养1周,服药组大鼠连续服用8周的复方中药提取物,9周后将2组大鼠分别于安静状态、定量负荷、力竭运动即刻、力竭恢复12 h、力竭恢复24 h状态下处死。分别测定上述2组大鼠在不同功能状态下脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活性。结果:五种状态下,服药组MDA含量均显著低于对照组,GSH-PX、GSH、SOD、T-AOC活性均不同程度的高于对照组。结论:复方中药提取物可降低不同功能状态下大鼠脑组织中的MDA含量,提高其脑组织GSH-PX、GSH、SOD、T-AOC活性。     

大蒜素对大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力和ATP酶活性的影响

目的:探讨大蒜素对大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力和ATP酶活性的影响。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为安静组、训练组、大蒜素训练组(n=10),6周训练和补充大蒜素后,测定大鼠骨骼肌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、Ca2+-ATPase、Na+-K+-ATPase和血清Ca2+的含量。结果:大蒜素训练组与训练组相比,运动至力竭的时间明显延长;骨骼肌抗氧化能力明显升高,Na+-K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase及血清Ca2+极为显著升高。结论:大蒜素能增强大鼠骨骼肌抗氧化能力,延缓疲劳出现。     

美洲大蠊提取物对力竭运动大鼠心血管氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:通过美洲大蠊提取物(PAE)对力竭运动大鼠心肌自由基代谢的影响,探讨其对心肌氧化损伤的保护作用。方法:雄性SPF级健康SD大鼠40只,随机分为安静组、运动组、美洲大蠊提取物安静组、美洲大蠊提取物运动组(n=10)。服药组每天灌服2 ml美洲大蠊提取物(美洲大蠊提取物按50 mg/kg配制,溶于2 ml蒸馏水中灌胃给药),对照组每次灌蒸馏水2 ml。每天灌胃1次,连续灌胃14 d后,美洲大蠊提取物运动组与运动组大鼠进行一次性力竭游泳运动建立力竭模型,记录大鼠力竭运动时间。力竭运动结束时即刻取样,检测血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并检测观察心肌组织中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)基因的表达情况。结果:与安静组相比,一次力竭游泳后,运动组心肌SOD、GSH-Px的活性明显降低(P0.01),而MDA含量显著升高(P0.01);而美洲大蠊提取物能够显著提高力竭SD大鼠的心肌SOD、GSH-Px的活性(P0.01),降低MDA含量(P0.01),e Nos基因表达增高。结论:大鼠力竭运动后心肌会发生氧化损伤,美洲大蠊提取物干预后能够增加力竭运动后大鼠心肌的抗氧化能力,对力竭运动所致心肌损伤具有一定的保护作用,进而增强大鼠运动能力。     

迷迭香对运动大鼠肝脏组织脂质过氧化损伤保护作用的研究

本实验选用SD(Sprague Dawley)大鼠,建立大强度耐力训练模型,研究迷迭香对运动大鼠肝脏组织脂质过氧化损伤保护作用。结果显示,1)迷迭香可降低血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性,升高肝组织丙氨酸氨基转移酶的活性,都有显著性差异(P<0.05);2)迷迭香可以不同程度地增强肝脏组织中抗氧化酶SOD(superoxide dis-mutase)、CAT(catalase)和GSH-Px(glutathione peroxidase)的活性,其中SOD和CAT的活性增加在安静和运动状态下都有显著性差异(P<0.05),GSH-Px的活性增加在运动状态下具有显著性差异(P<0.05);3)迷迭香可以降低肝脏组织中MDA(malondialdehyde)的含量,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:迷迭香可以增加肝脏组织中的抗氧化酶活性,减轻大强度耐力训练对大鼠肝脏组织造成的脂质过氧化损伤。并且在同一状态下对不同的抗氧化酶活性影响不同。     

酪氨酸对海拔3700m高原人体运动自由基代谢的影响

目的：探讨酪氨酸对高原人体运动时自由基代谢的影响。方法：对进驻海拔3700m高原半年的30名健康青年,每组10人。在安静时,服药前、服药第不同时间分别进行渐增负荷运动至力竭,测定其血清中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果：给予酪氨酸、乙酰哇胺10d即可使SOD、GSH-Px活性增强,MDA降低;乙酰哇胺停药10d药效消失,酪氨酸停药20d药效消失。结论：酪氨酸、乙酰哇胺对高原低氧所致自由基代谢失衡有调节作用,且酪氨酸效果更明显。     

有氧运动对衰老大鼠骨骼肌线粒体能量代谢的影响

目的：探讨有氧运动对衰老大鼠骨骼肌线粒体能量代谢的影响。方法：将20只12月龄的雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为老年安静组（AC,n=10）及老年运动组（AE,n=10）,另取10只2月龄的雌性Wistar大鼠为青年安静组（YC,n=10）;安静组大鼠进行正常饲养,运动组大鼠进行坡度为5°,速度为15.2 m/min,第1天运动15 min、第2天运动30 min、从第3天开始每天运动45 min,每周6 d,共12周。12周后所有大鼠断头处死,取腓肠肌样本,差速离心法提取线粒体,测定SOD和GSH-Px活性、MDA含量、三羧酸循环限速酶（CS、ICD和α-KGDHC）活性及呼吸链酶复合体（RCCⅠ~Ⅳ）活性。结果：①与YC组相比,AC组骨骼肌线粒体SOD活性和MDA含量显著增加（P<0.05）,CS和α-KGDHC活性均显著降低（P<0.05）,RCCⅠ、RCCⅡ和RCCⅣ活性均显著下降（P<0.05）,RCCⅢ活性显著升高（P<0.05）;AE组骨骼肌线粒体SOD、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量均显著增加（P<0.01）,CS、ICD和α-KGDHC活性均显著升高（P<0.01）,RCCⅠ~Ⅳ活性均显著升高（P<0.01）。②与AC组相比,AE组骨骼肌线粒体SOD、GSH-Px活性均显著升高（P<0.05）,MDA含量显著下降（P<0.05）,CS、ICD、α-KGDHC和RCCⅠ~Ⅳ活性均显著升高（P<0.01）。结论：有氧运动可以提高老年大鼠骨骼肌线粒体抗氧化能力,降低脂质过氧化水平,提高三羧酸循环及呼吸链功能,促进线粒体能量代谢,延缓衰老过程中线粒体的退行性变化。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.