高光胁迫对水稻籼粳亚种两个品种色素蛋白复合体的影响

以耐光抑制的水稻(Oryza sativa L.)粳亚种品种"武育粳"和对光抑制敏感的籼亚种品种"汕优63"的剑叶为材料,比较研究了高光胁迫对水稻两个亚种光合系统的影响.结果表明,高光胁迫影响激发能在两个光系统之间的分配,抑制激发能向PSⅡ传递.在籼稻中激发峰和发射峰以及相关比值在受到高光胁迫后下降的幅度均比在粳稻中显著.与粳稻相比,高光胁迫几乎使籼稻的PSⅡ捕光色素蛋白复合体的三聚体解体,使其PSⅡ捕光色素蛋白复合体的二聚体、PSⅡ内周天线色素蛋白复合体、PSⅠ捕光色素蛋白复合体以及PSⅠ反应中心叶绿素a蛋白复合体的含量明显降低.高光胁迫导致水稻两亚种的PSⅡ捕光色素蛋白复合物单体含量的增加.类囊体膜多肽分析表明,高光胁迫使属于PSⅡ捕光色素蛋白复合体的27、25 kD蛋白和PSⅠ捕光色素蛋白复合体的21 kD蛋白含量在水稻两亚种中都降低,其中以25 kD蛋白含量降幅最大.在籼稻中高光胁迫使属于PSⅡ内周天线色素蛋白复合体的43 kD和47kD蛋白以及外周23kD蛋白含量明显降低而在粳稻中则影响较小.     

马槟榔甜味蛋白N-和C-末端部分氨基酸顺序的测定

从马槟榔(Capparis masaikai)种子中曾分离出二种甜味蛋白,称为Mabinlin Ⅰ和Ⅱ,分子量分别为11.6kD和10.4kD。用Edmail降解和反相HPLC鉴定PTH-aa方法测定证明:二者的N末端均因焦谷氨酸环化而封闭。采用1mol/l HCl-甲醇溶液35℃处理24小时的方法可使之开环。二种蛋白N端肽8个氨基酸残基顺序均为:Pyroglutamic acid-Pro-Arg-Gly-Pro-Ala-Leu-Arg-。羧肽酶酶解的动态分析证明MaI羧端的氨基酸顺序为-Phe-Gln-Leu-Ala-Ser,MaⅡ为-Phe-Gln-Leu-Ala。其差别仅在于MaⅡ缺一个Ser,这一结果表明MaⅠ和MaⅡ的主要差异不是在端肽。     

病毒趋化因子结合蛋白

病毒趋化因子结合蛋白分为3型,Ⅰ型为可溶性IFN-rR,Ⅱ型为T1/35kD蛋白家族,Ⅲ型为M3蛋白,它们都能结合多种趋化因子,在宿主免疫应答调节和病毒致病机理中起着重要作用。     

小鼠肝脏金属硫蛋白Metallothioneins的分离纯化与鉴定

由健康小鼠通过皮下注射一定量的氯化镉,取肝脏匀浆,离心,经SephadexG-50和DEAE-Sephadex A-50柱层析分离,即可获得MT-Ⅰ和MT-Ⅱ两种金属硫蛋白。经鉴定:两个分子各含18个巯基,结合4个Cd原子和3个Zn原子,无金属蛋白质Thionein的分子量约为6kD,半胱氨酸含量约占氨基酸总量的28％,所提取到的MT-Ⅰ和MT-Ⅱ经氨基酸组成,HPLC和PAGE分析皆证明为高度均一的,且与有关文献报道基本相符。其中MT-Ⅱ已获得晶体。     

核糖体失活蛋白的结构功能与分布

核糖体失活蛋白是一类在植物中较广泛存在的毒蛋白。植物核糖体失活蛋白具有RNAN-糖苷酶活力,可作用于核糖体RNA,使核糖体失去蛋白质合成的功能。根据一级结构,核糖体失活蛋白可分为两种类型。Ⅰ型核糖体失活蛋白由一条链组成,分子量在25—30 kDa之间。Ⅱ型核糖体失活蛋白由两条以二硫键相连的链(A、B链)组成,分子量在60 kDa左右。B链可以与细胞表面含半乳糖的受体结合,有助于A链进入细胞,作用于核糖体。目前至少已从9个科31种植物中分离纯化了Ⅰ型RIP。Ⅱ型RIP较少,仅在6科8种植物中发现。除了具有RNA N-糖苷酶活性,还发现一些核糖体失活蛋白可以切割超螺旋双链DNA,产生缺口环状和线状DNA。此外,一种Ⅰ型RIP,克木毒蛋白还具有超氧化物歧化酶活性。     

麻疯树核糖体失活蛋白基因的克隆和表达

麻疯树(Jatropha curcas L.)核糖体失活蛋白(curcin)是存在于麻疯树种子中的一种毒性较强的蛋白,它与蓖麻毒蛋白和相思子毒蛋白的性质相似,属Ⅰ型核糖体失活蛋白。从麻疯树种子中分离得到一种分子量为28.2kD的蛋白质,其对无细胞系统中蛋白质合成的抑制活性较强,IC_(50)为(0.19±0.01)nmol/L,具有RNA N-糖苷酶活性。依据curcin的N端部分氨基酸设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR和5′-RACE技术从未成熟种子总RNA中克隆到curcin全长cDNA序列。该cDNA全长由1 173个碱基组成,包含一个编码293个氨基酸的前体蛋白,前42个氨基酸为信号肽。推测的多肽序列与测定的蛋白质N端序列相同,与多种已发表的Ⅰ型核糖体失活蛋白和Ⅱ型核糖体失活蛋白的A链有一定的同源性。将curcin的编码区与表达载体pQE-30相连后,转入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coil)M15菌株中得到了有效的表达。将表达的融合蛋白纯化后发现,它具有抑制无细胞系统蛋白质合成的能力。     

马槟榔甜味蛋白的研究Ⅱ.甜蛋白Ⅱ和甜蛋白Ⅰ的比较

从马槟榔(Capparis masaikai Levl.)种子分离鉴定了二种甜蛋白:甜蛋白Ⅰ(mabinlinⅠ或MaⅠ)分子量MW11600,等电点pI 11.8;甜蛋白Ⅱ(mabinlinⅡ或MaⅡ)MW10400,pI 11.3。另一组分mabinlinⅢ MW10200,pI 11.8,可能是提取过程产物。MaⅡ有84个氨基酸残基,比MaⅠ少15个。它们有80个氨基酸残基是共同的,都是缺丝氨酸和蛋氨酸的单一多肽链。MaⅠ还缺赖氨酸和酪氨酸。测不出有自由SH基。在8M尿素中用巯基乙醇还原处理,两种甜蛋白分子都可转变为二聚体而失去甜味。 自去壳脱脂的种子干粉中提取MaⅠ和MaⅡ的得率依所用溶剂和提取条件而异。用50％丙酮水溶液提取,继用CM-纤维素分离,甜蛋白的得率达13％。用水或0.1N pH6.2磷酸缓冲液提取,得率低于1％。     

聚丙烯酸分离纯化苦瓜种仁碱性蛋白的方法及影响因素

以苦瓜籽为材料,研究了聚丙烯酸分离纯化苦瓜种仁碱性蛋白的方法及影响因素。等电点沉淀试验表明,柠檬酸、盐酸分别调节苦瓜种仁粗提液pH至6.0、4.0时,各有14.62%和32.49%的苦瓜种仁蛋白被沉淀。醋酸的等电点沉淀作用呈现阶段性特点,pH6.0和4.0时分别有26.17%和38.72%的苦瓜种仁蛋白被沉淀。醋酸、盐酸和柠檬酸处理的1mL苦瓜种仁粗提液(pH4.0),1%PAA选择性沉淀碱性蛋白(等电点pI为8.65~9.30)的最佳用量分别为100μL、120μL和100μL。醋酸调节苦瓜种仁粗提液pH分别至5.0、4.0和3.0,等电点沉淀后的上清液用PAA沉淀碱性蛋白,当PAA(1%)用量为160μL/mL提取液时,pH5.0和3.0样液分别有33.77%和43.56%蛋白质被沉淀;当PAA用量为120μL/mL提取液时,pH4.0样液中30.83%蛋白质被沉淀。PAA-蛋白质复合物溶解于碱性溶液(pH>9.0),当溶液NaCl浓度为3.0%时,溶液蛋白质浓度最高。PAA选择性沉淀的苦瓜种仁碱性蛋白经SephadexG-75柱层析分离,分别在175min和300min出现主峰Ⅰ和Ⅱ。SDS-PAGE和IEF分析表明主峰Ⅰ的分子量约为30kD,pI值约为9.5,主峰Ⅱ的分子量约为10kD,pI值约为9.3。     

重金属Hg^2＋离子作用于PSⅡ 23 kD外周蛋白的光谱学研究

23kD蛋白是光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）的外周蛋白,具有增加Ca^2＋和Cl^-的结合以维持放氧活性的作用。本文借助内源荧光光谱和紫外吸收差谱考察了23kD蛋白与Hg^2＋的相互作用。所得结果表明：低浓度的Hg^2＋离子（〈10μM）引起23kD蛋白的荧光淬灭,淬灭程度与Hg^2＋离子浓度相关;进一步分析显示,Hg^2＋离子对23kD蛋白色氨酸荧光的淬灭属于静态淬灭。紫外吸收差谱可以检测到明显的配体向金属进行电荷转移的谱带（LMCT band）。随着Hg^2＋浓度的增加,LMCT带的强度逐渐增强。分析显示23kD蛋白只存在一类Hg^2＋离子结合位点。     

名刊封面

蓖麻子是一种油料经济作物,同橡胶、木薯、巴豆一样,属于大戟科。因为脂肪酸和蓖麻油酸的含量比较高,所以蓖麻子主要用来生产高质量的润滑油。然而,由于蓖麻子含有一种有毒物质——蓖麻毒蛋白,这是一种核糖体钝化蛋白,并且含量很高,所以蓖麻子也事关生物安全。     

菜心和水稻绿叶中不同等电点的乙醇酸氧化酶

The proteins with glycolate oxidase activity from B.parachinensis Bailey and rice( Oryza sativa )green leaves were prepared respectively.From the second protein peak on DEAE\|Cellulose column,two glycolate oxidases,expressed as B.parachinensis Bailey GO Ⅲ(specific activity natove 13 2 U·mg -1 ·min -1 )and rice GOⅢ(specific activity 8 8 U·mg -1 ·min -1 ),could not migrate anywhere in 4%～20% native\|PAGE under a pH8.3 buffer system.GOⅢ's p I was about pH8.3. The protein containing B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅢ showed 67±2,43±2,and 38±2 kD in SDS PAGE,band 43±2 kD was the subunit of B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅢ.From the two proteins above,another group of glycolate oxidases,expressed as B.parachinensis Beiley GOⅠ(specific activity 5 U·mg -1 ·min -1 )and rice GOⅠ(specific activity 1 2 U·mg -1 ·min -1 ),showed only one 43±2 kD band in SDS\|PAGE,and was purified on the Sepharose\|6B column which migrated towards anode in the same native\|PAGE showing the M r about 420 kD,or 460 kD and 260 kD respectively.GOⅠ's p I was smaller than pH8.3.Antibody against B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅠ was prepared and its efficacy was about 1/1600 in ELISA.By native\|PAGE,Western blot and rocket immunoelectrophoresis,the third group of glycolate oxidases,expressed as B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅡ and rice G0Ⅱ,were confirmed in crude protein of green leaves and migrated towards cathode under the same native\|PAGE,so GOⅡ's p I was higher than pH8.3.The M r of B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅡ was about 669 kD determined by native\|PAGE Western blot.Rice GOⅠ,rice GOⅢ and rice GOⅡ showed different quantitation under different physiological conditions.Rice GOⅡ could be induced by glycolate.     

Effects of Water Stress on Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes in Wheat Chloroplasts

The excitation energy transfer from light harvesting chlorophyll protein complexes to PS Ⅱ was inhibited under water stress. The contents of iriternal antennae chlorophyll-protein complexes of PS Ⅱ (CPa), light harvesting chlorophyll-protein complexes of PS Ⅱ (LHC Ⅱ ), light harvesting chlorophyll-protein of PS Ⅰ (LHC Ⅰ ) and chlorophyll a protein complex of reaction center of PS Ⅰ were decreased by water stress. The decrease of chlorophyll-protein complexes of PS Ⅱ was greater than that of PS Ⅰ . It was indicated that the amount of 25 kD polypeptide of LHC Ⅱ in particular, as well as that of 43 and 47 kD polypeptides of CPa, and 21 kD polypeptide of LHC Ⅰ , were reduced by water stress.     

镉诱导威廉环毛蚓（Pheretima guillelmi）金属硫蛋白的分离纯化及特性研究

蚯蚓威廉环毛（ｐｈｅｒｅｔｉｍａ　ｇｕｉｌｌｅｌｍｉ）经皮下注射ＣｄＣｌ２溶液诱导后,整体匀浆,再经热沉淀、乙醇沉淀后,经凝胶过滤Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ　Ｇ－５０柱层析,得两个镉结合蛋白峰,分子量依次为４３ｋＤ及１９ｋＤ。这两个组份再分别经ＤＥＡＥ　Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ　Ｆａｓｔ　Ｆｌｏｗ柱层析,各得三个镉结合蛋白峰。根据光谱学特征、巯基含量及氨基酸组成等分析,表明凝胶过滤第二峰为金属硫蛋白（ＭＴ）,其经ＤＥＡＥ柱层析所得三个峰为ＭＴ三个亚型,Ｎ末端分别为Ｌｙｓ、Ａｌａ、Ａｌａ。     

凤凰木种子蛋白的分离提纯和生化性质

研究了植物凤凰木种子中的蛋白质成分,试图分离出新的核糖体失活蛋白凤凰木种子经磷酸盐缓冲液抽提,硫酸铵分级盐析,分子筛和阴离子交换剂等多次柱层析,分离出三种组分ＤｒⅠ、ＤｒⅡ和ＤｒⅢ．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和ＩＥＦ实验表明这三种蛋白质均达到单一纯,而ＨＰＬＣ实验则表明它们的纯度不低于９０％。它们的分子量据ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和ＨＰＬＣ实验分别约２３５００、２６０００、２８５００．ＩＥＦ实验测得三者的等电点均为５．２左右。测定了组分ＤｒⅠ的蛙卵泡裂解活性,其毒性约为天花粉蛋白的１／４０．分析了它们的氨基酸组成。估算了三种蛋白质的二级结构含量,结果表明三者均富含β折叠结构。已有的实验事实表明这三种蛋白质的生化行为明显异于核糖体失活蛋白,因而很可能不属于这一蛋白质家族。     

菠菜乙醇酸氧化酶同工酶的亚基组成

我们首次报告 ,菠菜有ＧＯⅠ (ｐＩ≈ 7.4 )、ＧＯⅡ(ｐＩ≈ 9.4 )和ＧＯⅢ (ｐＩ≈ 8.3 ) 3种乙醇酸氧化酶(ＧＯ)同工酶 ;ＧＯⅠ只含 4 0± 2ｋＤ一种亚基 ,而ＧＯⅡ和ＧＯⅢ的亚基组成未被研究 ;3种同工酶之间均有免疫同源性[1-4 ] .水稻也存在 3种ＧＯ同工酶 ,其中ＧＯⅡ (ｐＩ >8.3 )能被乙醇酸所诱导 用柱层析法纯化可获得经ＳＤＳ ＰＡＧＥ后为 4 3± 2ｋＤ单带的水稻ＧＯⅠ[5～ 7] .以上初步解释了前人报告ＧＯ电荷不均一的原因[5] .最近从菠菜分离得到含ＧＯⅡ的蛋白和含ＧＯⅢ的蛋白 ,其ＳＤＳ ＰＡＧＥ分别为 67± 2ｋＤ和 4 0±…     

苦荞种子胰蛋白酶抑制剂的分离纯化及部分性质研究

采用凝胶层析及离子交换层析等方法,从苦荞种子中分离出一组胰蛋白酶抑制剂（ＴＢＴＩ－Ⅰ、Ⅱ）．对其性质研究表明：两个组分均对胰蛋白酶有较强的抑制作用,对胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制作用较弱,其中ＴＢＴＩ－Ⅱ的抑制作用大于ＴＢＴＩ－Ⅰ,两者对胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶及枯草杆菌蛋白酶均无抑制作用．用ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００凝胶层析分别对纯化产物进行分析得出ＴＢＴＩ－Ⅰ和ＴＢＴＩ－Ⅱ的近似分子量分别为１５．０ｋＤ和１８．０ｋＤ．ＴＢＴＩ－Ⅰ、Ⅱ都具有较高的热稳定性,在１００℃处理１０ｍｉｎ后可保留８６％左右的抑制活性．ＴＢＴＩ在酸性环境下较为稳定,在ｐＨ２．０条件下保温１ｈ,仍保留７５％的抑制活性．用Ｌｉｎｅｖｅａｅｒ－Ｂｕｒｋ作图法得知,该抑制剂属竞争性抑制类型,ＴＢＴＩ－Ⅱ的Ｋｉ值为３．５９×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（以ＢＡＰＮＡ为底物）,对胰蛋白酶的摩尔抑制比为１∶１．４．     

The Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes Resolved from Ultrasonically Broken Thylakoid Memb-ranes of Blue-Green Algae

When the thylakoid membranes of blue-green algae were broken by ultrasonic vibrations and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 4℃, six green zones were resolved. They were designated as CPIa, CPlb, CPI; CPal, CPa2, and FC. The absorption spectrum of CPI had a red maximum at 674 nm and a peak in the blue at 435 nm. It was identified as PS chlorophyll a-protein Complex, but was contaminated with minor PSⅡ which was implied by the appearance of fluorescence emission peak at 680 nm besides the main one at 725 nm at 77 K. The spectral properties of CPIa and CPlb were similar to that of CPl. The absorption spectra of CPa1 and CPa2 were similar, both having red maxima at 667 nm and peaks in the blue at 431.5 nm. Their fluorescence emission had the same peaks at 684 nm at 77 K indicating that they belonged to PSⅡ. It was recognized that CPal of 47 kD is the reaction center complex of photosystem Ⅱ and CPa2 of 40 kD is the internal antenna complex of photosystem Ⅱ. The spectral characteristics of the chlorophyll-protein complexes resolved by ultrasonic method were similar to those of the same complexes resolved by SDS solubilization, except the absorbance positions of CPa1 and CPa2 in the blue peak and the red one which shifted to blue about 3–5 nm. It was calculated that in thylakoid membranes of blue-green algae 40.93% chlorophyll was in PSⅠ, while 38.78% of chlorophyll in PSⅡ. The difference of chlorophyll contents between PSⅠ and PSⅡ was only 2.15%. Concerning the fact that minor PSⅡ compound remained in the part of PSⅠ zones, it might be concluded that the distribution of chlorophyll between PSⅠ and PSⅡ in blue-green algae was equal. This result was in agreement with the hypothesis that PSⅠ and PSⅡ operates in series in photosynthetic electron transport.     

培养料配方对姬松茸子实体产量和氨基酸、有害物含量的影响

采用3种培养料配方,研究其对姬松茸(N2)产量和氨基酸含量有害物含量的影响。结果表明:姬松茸子实体中镉含量比培养料中高184～215倍,姬松茸有富集镉的特性。配方1、配方2、配方3子实体镉含量分别为13,10,9.6mg/kg,产量分别为9.5,9.4,8.8kg/m2,氨基酸总量分别为27.59%,25.80%,20.58%。配方2子实体中镉含量显著低于配方1,其产量、氨基酸总量与配方1相近;配方3的产量、氨基酸总量最低,与配方1、配方2差异显著,表明采用KH2PO4代换过磷酸钙,可以降低子实体镉含量,而不宜用化学氮代换牛粪;配方1子实体砷含量最高,与配方2、配方3差异显著。3种配方子实体中六六六、滴滴涕、敌敌畏、四环素等有害物含量基本相同。     

One and Two- dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoretic Analysis of Seed Polypeptide Composition of Peanut Cultivars

Seed polypeptides from 46 cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ) were compared by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional pelyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Arachin, the major seed storage protein of peanut, showed polymorphism. There were four types of arachin pelypeptide pattems. Type Ⅰ consisted of only four major subunits:41 kD,38.5 kD and two of the 18 kD subunits. Type Ⅱ had six major subunits:41 kD,38.5 kD,37.5 kD and three of the 18 kD subunits. Type Ⅲ consisted of 41 kD, 38.5 kD,36.5 kD and three of the 18 kD subunits. And Type Ⅳ consisted of seven major subunits:41 kD,38.5 kD,37.5 kD,36.5 kD and three of the 18 kD subunits. The compositions of conarachin in different cultivars were similar. Amino acid composition analysis of seed protein in 8 peanut cuhivars showed that Type Ⅰ was rich in methionine and cystine.