非致病微生物在植物—病原菌协同进化中的作用

非致病微生物在植物－病原菌协同进化中的作用单卫星（西北农业大学植保系,陕西杨陵７１２１００）ＴｈｅＲｏｌｅｏｆＮｏｎ－ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃＭｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｉｎＰｌａｎｔ－ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎＣｏｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ￥ＳｈａｎＷｅｉｘｉｎｇ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔ－ｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ,ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｙａｎｇｌｉｎｇ,Ｓｈａａｎｘｉ７１２１００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）,５４－５９．Ｉｎｖｉｅｗｏｆｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｐｌａｎｔｄｉｓｅａｓｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ,ｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｗｉｔｈｒｅｃｅｎｔａｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎｂｉｏｌｏｇ－ｉｃａｌｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｐｌａｎｔｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓａｎｄｐｌａｎｔ－ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓ,ｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｐｏｉｎｔｅｄｏｕｔｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｏｆｎｏｎ－ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｉｎｈａｂｉｔｉｎｇｐｌａｎｔｓｕｒｆａｃｅｓｉｎｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｌａｎｔ－ｐａｔｈｏｇｅ     

植物种群的繁殖对策

植物种群的繁殖对策钟章成（西南师范大学,重庆６３０７１５）ＲｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅＳｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ．￥ＺｈｏｎｇＺｈａｎｇｃｈｅｎｇ（ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＣｈｉｎａＴｅａｃｈｅｒｓＵ－ｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｃｈｏｎ...     

植物化学生态研究促进生态农业建设

植物化学生态研究促进生态农业建设祝心如（中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京１０００８５）ＰｈｖｔｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＥｃｏｌｏｇｌｃａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄＥｃｏ－ＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＣｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ￥．ＺｈｕＸｉｎｒｕ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ｅｎｕｉｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ．ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８５）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（４）：３６一４０。Ｐｈｙｔｏａｌｌｅｌｏｐａｔｈｙａｆｆｅｃｔｓｔｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆａｇｒｏ－ｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ａｎｄｐｈｙｔｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｅ－ｓｅａｒｃｈｗｉｌｌｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｃｏ－ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ,ｗｈｉｃｈｄｉｓｐｌａｙｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｍａｉｎａｓｐｅｃｔｓ：ｗｅｅｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ,ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｏｆｒｅａｓｏｎａｌｃｒｏｐｐｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｒｏｐｇｅｎｉｃｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ,ｒｅ－ｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆａｐ     

空气污染对植物病虫害的影响

空气污染对植物病虫害的影响吴亚,金翠霞（江苏省农科院植物保护研究所,南京２１００１４）ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｂｅｒｉｃＰｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｎＰｌａｎｔＤｉｓｅａｓｅｓａｎｄＰｅｓｔｓ￥ＷｕＹａ;ＪｉｎＣｕｉｘｉａ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔＰｒｏ－ｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ,ＪｉａｎｇｓｕＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ２１００１４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：４９－５３．Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｓｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｍａｉｎａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓＯ＿３,ＳＯ＿２,ｆｌｕｏｒｉｄｅｓ,ａｃｉｄｒａｉｎｅｔｃ．ｏｎｐｌａｎｔｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｃｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓ;ｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅｏｃｃｕｒａｎｃｅａｎｄｉｎｆｅｓｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｈｙｔｏｐｈａｇｕｓｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｓｏｆｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＣＯ＿２ｏｎｔｈｅｏｕｔｂｒｅａｋｏｆｐｅｓｔｓ。Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉ     

昆虫胁迫下的植物应激反应模式

昆虫胁迫下的植物应激反应模式王海波（复旦大学生命科学学院,上海２００４３３）ＴｈｅＳｔｒｅｓｓＲｅａｃｔｉｏｎＭｏｄｅｌｏｆＰｌａｕｔｔｏＩｎｓｅｃｔ’ｓＰｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ￥ＷａｎｇＨａｉｂｏ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ＦｕｄａｎＵ－ｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ２００４３３）;ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：４６－４８．Ｏｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ,ａｎｅｗｓｅｔｏｆｍｏｄｅｌｓａｂｏｕｔｐｌａｎｔ’ｓｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｖｅｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｕｎｄｅｒｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ’ｐｒｅｓ－ｓｕｒｅｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄＴｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｓｃａｎｂｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｗｏｐａｒｔｓ：ｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｉｎｇｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｓｔｒｅｓｓｒｅａｃ－ｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅｌ．ＴｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｐａｒｔｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｓｔｈａｔｐｌａｎｔｈａｓｏｎｅｋｉｎｄｏｆｃｏｎｖｅｒｇｅｎｔｐｈｙｓｉｏＩｏｇｉｃａｌｓｔｒｅｓｓｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｉｎａｄｖｅｒｓｅｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ,ｎｏｓｐｅｃｉａｌｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｉｎｇａ     

浅述植物的耐盐生理

浅述植物的耐盐生理李景生,黄韵珠（中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所）（兰州大学生物系,兰州７３００００）ＰＨＹＳＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＦＰＬＡＮＴＳＡＬＴ—ＴＯＬＥＲＡＮＣＥＬｉＪｉｎｇ－ｓｈｅｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＤｅｓｅｒｔＲｅｓｅａｒ...     

秦岭南坡旬河流域及邻近地区森林与其生境关系的初步研究

秦岭南坡旬河流域及邻近地区森林与其生境关系的初步研究康慕谊（西北大学地理系,西安７１００６９）ＲｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＦｏｒｅｓｔＶｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＩｔｓＨａｂｉｔａｔｓｉｎＸｕｎｈｅＲｉｖｅｒＢａｓｉｎｏｆＱｉｎｌｉｎｇＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎａｎｄＩｔｓＡｄｊａｃｅｎｔＡｒｅａｓ￥ＫａｎｇＭｕｙｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｘｉａａｎ７１００６９）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：６２－６６．Ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓｏｆｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｅｃｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｍｕｌｔｉｖａｒｉａｔｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ（ＤｏｕｂｌｅＳｉｅｖｉｎｇＳｔｅｐＲｅｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ）ａｒｅａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｒｅｖｅａｌｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｆｏｒｅｓｔｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｔｓｈａｂｉｔａｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｕｐｐｅｒａｎｄｍｉｄ－ｄｌｅｒｅａｃｈｅｓｏｆＸｕｎｈｅＲｉｖｅｒｂａｓｉｎａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒａｄｊａｃｅｎｔａｒｅａｓ。Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｐｅ     

几种沙漠地区野生药用植物资源及其引种栽培

几种沙漠地区野生药用植物资源及其引种栽培尹林克（中国科学院吐鲁番沙漠植物园,新疆吐鲁番８３８００８）Ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｓｅｖｅｒａｌｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆｗｉｌｄｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌｐｌａｎｔｓｉｎｄｅｓｅｒｔｒｅｇｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｉｎｔｒｏｄｕ...     

植物对重金属的耐性机理

植物对重金属的耐性机理杨居荣,黄翌（北京师范大学环境科学研究所,１００８７５）ＭｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆＨｅａｖｙＭｅｔａｌＴｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅｏｆＰｌａｎｔｓ．￥ＹａｎｇＪｕｒｏｎｇ;ＨｕａｎｇＹｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎ－ｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃ...     

中国中亚热带地区引种玉米的气候生态适宜性分析

中国中亚热带地区引种玉米的气候生态适宜性分析翟玉顺,章熙谷（中国科学院南京土壤研究所生态室,２１０００８）（南京农业大学农学系,２１００１４）Ｅｃｏ－ｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃＳｕｉｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄＣｏｒｎｉｎＭｉｄＳｕｂ－ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌＲｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＣｂｉｎａ￥．ＺｈａｉＹｕｓｈｕｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｏｉｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａＮａｎｊｉｎｇ,２１０００８）,ＺｈａｎｇＸｉｇｕ（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｎａｎ－ｊｉｎｇ,２１００１４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３．１２（２）：７３－７５．Ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｎａｌｙｚｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｕｉｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｃｏｒｎｔｏｓｕｎｓｈｉｎｅ－ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ－ｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｔｓｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎｍｉｄｓｕｂ－ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＣｈｉｎａ,ｉｔｉｓｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔＡｐｒｉｌａｎｄｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔａｎｄｓｅｃｏｎｄｔｅｎ－ｄａｙｓｏｆＭ     

COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND NICHE CHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF DOMINANT SPECIES IN THE WIND-BREAKING AND SAND-FIXING FOREST, XINJIANG, CHINA

 以塔里木河下游绿洲外围大型防风固沙林为研究对象, 采用基于Simpson多样性指数的生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠测度公式, 在群落梯度上按重要值大小筛选出优势种群进行生态位分析, 探讨这些群落在4~7年的发育过程中生态位变化特点。结果表明: 1)经过4年的发育, 植物种组成简单的人工防风固沙林由于乡土植物种的侵入, 演变成为人工-天然植物群落, 不同地段群落中的优势种群发生了较大的变化, 优势种群共7个。芦苇(Phragmites communis)、花花柴(Karelinia caspica)和盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)这3个乡土植物种侵入后逐渐成为优势种群, 而原人工群落主要建群种宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum)种群逐渐消退; 7年后, 优势种群共6个。由于水分条件的变化, 多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)成为优势种群, 而芦苇降为亚优势种群, 盐生草种群发生消退; 2)人工-天然植物群落中优势种群以耐旱耐盐碱植物占主要优势向占绝对优势的方向发展, 其生态位宽度变化幅度为0.56~0.86, 生态位宽度排序为芦苇>花花柴>头状沙拐枣(Calligonum caput-medusae)>沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)>胡杨(Populus euphratica)>多枝柽柳>梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)>盐生草; 3)生态位重叠最大值发生在头状沙拐枣和胡杨种群之间; 4)在乡土植物种向人工群落侵入的过程中, 生态位宽度较大(或较小)的种群, 它们所构成的种对间生态位重叠既有较大的, 也有较小的, 可见生态位宽度与生态位重叠程度无相关性; 表明在现阶段群落演变中, 植物对环境资源存在着激烈的竞争和高的空间异质性。     

内蒙古高原荒漠区四种锦鸡儿属植物灌丛沙包形态和固沙能力比较

测定了内蒙古高原荒漠区4种锦鸡儿属优势植物(柠条锦鸡儿、狭叶锦鸡儿、荒漠锦鸡儿和垫状锦鸡儿)不同大小灌丛的灌丛形态参数、沙包形态参数和沙包体积,目的是掌握这些锦鸡儿属植物灌丛的沙包形态特征、沙包发育特征和固沙能力随着灌丛发育的变化,比较4种锦鸡儿属植物灌丛沙包的形态、发育特征和固沙能力的差异。研究发现:柠条锦鸡儿沙包形态呈球冠状,狭叶锦鸡儿沙包呈圆锥状,荒漠锦鸡儿沙包呈圆台状,垫状锦鸡儿沙包呈半球状。同种锦鸡儿属灌丛沙包的底面直径与地上枝条鲜重呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),沙包高度与地上枝条鲜重无显著相关性(P>0.05),沙包高度与植物株高呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),沙包坡角与地上枝条鲜重呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),沙包半径与沙包高度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。灌丛水平扩展快于垂向生长,灌丛沙包的水平发育也快于垂向发育。随着灌丛地上生物量的增加,4种锦鸡儿属植物不仅沙包体积增大,而且固沙效率也显著增加(P<0.01)。不同锦鸡儿属植物灌丛和沙包形态参数存在显著差异。柠条锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿的灌丛水平和垂直方向成比例扩展,而荒漠锦鸡儿和垫状锦鸡儿无论灌丛面积多大,高度基本不变。随着灌丛地上枝条鲜重的增加,4种锦鸡儿灌丛沙包底面积都在增大,其中荒漠锦鸡儿增长最快,垫状锦鸡儿次之,柠条锦鸡儿排位第三,狭叶锦鸡儿增长最慢。随着灌丛沙包水平方向的扩展,荒漠锦鸡儿沙包垂向扩展最慢,最终导致其沙包垂向尺度最小;柠条锦鸡儿、垫状锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿沙包两个方向发育较为均衡。4种锦鸡儿属植物的固定沙包体积和固沙效率都表现为:荒漠锦鸡儿>柠条锦鸡儿>狭叶锦鸡儿>垫状锦鸡儿。这些研究结果表明,灌丛地上生物量的不同决定了种内沙包的体积、形态和植物固沙能力的差异;灌丛形态和发育特征的不同决定了种间沙包形态、沙包发育和植物固沙能力的差异。     

塔里木盆地塔里木沙拐枣群落特征

塔里木沙拐枣(Calligonum roborowskii)主产塔里木盆地,是该地区主要防风固沙先锋树种。以塔里木盆地5个天然塔里木沙拐枣群落为研究对象,通过样方调查,对物种组成,区系成分,群落结构,物种丰富度和多样性等要素进行了初步研究,结果表明:塔里木沙拐枣天然群落共出现种子植物11种,分属6科10属;该群落植物种类组成贫乏,区系成分简单。从属的地理成分分析来看,古地中海成分明显多于温带成分;群落生活型以高位芽植物占优势,1年生植物次之;群落的垂直结构简单,可分为灌木层、草本层;从多样性指数的数量特征来看,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的变化范围为0.808—1.175,Simpson多样性指数的变化范围为0.489—0.641。     

Water-use strategy of three central Asian desert shrubs and their responses to rain pulse events

Plant water-use strategy is considered to be a function of the complex interactions between species of different functional types and the prevailing environmental conditions. The functional type of a plant’s root system is fundamental in determining the water-use strategy of desert shrubs and the physiological responses of the plant to an occasional rainfall event, or rain pulse. In this current study of Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. Fl.Alt., Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge and Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim., three dominant shrub species in the Gurbantonggut Desert (Central Asia), plant root systems were excavated in their native habitat to investigate their functional types and water-use strategies. We monitored leaf water potential, photosynthesis and transpiration rate during a 39-day interval between successive precipitation events during which time the upper soil water changed markedly. Plant apparent hydraulic conductance and water-use efficiency were calculated for the varying soil water conditions. Our results show that: 1) The three species of shrub belong to two functional groups: phreatophyte and non-phreatophyte; 2) The photosynthetic capacity and leaf-specific apparent hydraulic conductance of the three species was stable during the time that the water condition in the upper soil changed; 3) Transpiration, leaf water potential and water-use efficiency in Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. Fl.Alt. were stable during the period of observation, but varied significantly for the other two species. Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. Fl.Alt., as a phreatophyte, relies mostly on groundwater for survival; its physiological activity is not inhibited in any way by the deficiency in upper soil water. Non-phreatophyte Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge and Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim. use precipitation-derived upper soil water for survival, and thus respond clearly to rain pulse events in terms of leaf water potential and transpiration. The observed similarity in leaf-specific photosynthesis capacity among all three species indicates that the two non-phreatophyte species are able to maintain normal photosynthesis within a wide range of plant water status. The observed stability in leaf-specific apparent hydraulic conductance indicates that the two non-phreatophyte species are able to maintain sufficient water supply to their foliage via, mostly likely, effective morphological adjustment at the scale of the individual plant.Section editor: H. Lambers     

内蒙古产柽柳和多枝柽柳α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

首次利用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型以96微孔板法,对内蒙古产2种柽柳属植物不同溶剂提取物进行活性评价,并与阳性对照Acarbose比较,发现6种提取物均有较好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,远远强于阳性对照Acarbose(IC50=1103.01μg·mL-1)的抑制活性。结果显示,同一植物不同溶剂提取物相比较,两者石油醚提取物α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性不及乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物;不同植物同一溶剂的提取物抑制活性也不同,6种提取物中,多枝柽柳的正丁醇和柽柳的乙酸乙酯提取物抑制活性最高(IC50=13.36和17.35μg·mL-1)。所有提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制效果均很好,且多枝柽柳抑制活性整体上较柽柳好,具有良好的潜在开发价值。     

中国柽柳属植物的分支分类研究

选取生长习性、植物形态、解剖结构、花粉特征以及种子微形态特征等共66个性状,采用简约法对国产柽柳属16种植物及外类群红砂Hololachne songarica进行分支分析,并用靴带检验法(Bootstrap)计算内部分支的支持率。分支图表明,国产柽柳属植物分为4个分支,分别属于Baum(1978)所划分的组Ⅰ及组Ⅱ中不同的系,从一个侧面说明基于经典分类所划分的组是比较自然的,同意Baum的属下分类系统。同时,基于分支分类结果并结合分子证据,对国产柽柳属属间亲缘关系及有争议种的分类学地位进行了探讨,认为甘蒙柽柳是独立于中国柽柳的种,多花柽柳是独立于多枝柽柳的种,盐地柽柳是刚毛柽柳的变种,而叶抱茎呈鞘状的沙生柽柳和莎车柽柳系统学关系很近,是较为原始的一类柽柳。     

柽柳科柽柳属的植物地理研究

柽柳属是典型的旧世界温带分布属。对柽柳属3组68种的分布进行了分析,发现本属3个频度分布中心依次为伊朗—吐兰区的西亚亚区(30种／3组,其中特有种13种),中亚亚区(20种／2组,其中特有种6种)和地中海区(12种／3组,其中特有种6种)。由于伊朗—吐兰地区的西亚亚区存在本属最多的组与种、特有种多且可以见到柽柳属系统发育系列,因而认为该亚区是现存本属植物的现代分布中心和分化中心。地中海地区包含的组、种数仅次于伊朗—吐兰区,并且特有种为6种,带有新特有种的性质,全是系统发育上相对年轻、进步的类型,被认为是本属的一个次级分布中心,另一个次级分布中心在中亚亚区,尤其是中国西北干旱地区。根据柽柳属植物的现代地理分布、化石资料及地质历史资料,推测柽柳属起源于古地中海热带成分盛行的早第三纪始新世,具有起源古老的性质,并且随着晚第三纪古地中海的退缩、气候逐渐干旱而得到进一步发展,产生许多新的以温带成分为主适应旱生环境的现代柽柳属种类。柽柳属起源之后,首先繁衍、散布到以伊朗为中心的现代分布中心,其后以伊朗为廊道向西、向东扩散,在地中海沿岸、东非、阿拉伯半岛、非洲西南部及亚洲中部的荒漠地区得到发展。     

Geographical location determines the population structure in phyllosphere microbial communities of a salt-excreting desert tree

The leaf surfaces of Tamarix, a salt-secreting desert tree, harbor a diverse community of microbial epiphytes. This ecosystem presents a unique combination of ecological characteristics and imposes a set of extreme stress conditions. The composition of the microbial community along ecological gradients was studied from analyses of microbial richness and diversity in the phyllosphere of three Tamarix species in the Mediterranean and Dead Sea regions in Israel and in two locations in the United States. Over 200,000 sequences of the 16S V6 and 18S V9 hypervariable regions revealed a diverse community, with 788 bacterial and 64 eukaryotic genera but only one archaeal genus. Both geographic location and tree species were determinants of microbial community structures, with the former being more dominant. Tree leaves of all three species in the Mediterranean region were dominated by Halomonas and Halobacteria, whereas trees from the Dead Sea area were dominated by Actinomycetales and Bacillales. Our findings demonstrate that microbial phyllosphere communities on different Tamarix species are highly similar in the same locale, whereas trees of the same species that grow in different climatic regions host distinct microbial communities.     

几种人工固沙林多种群多尺度格局及种间关联

以乌兰布和沙漠东北缘黄灌区绿洲边缘早期营造的人工固沙花棒林、沙拐枣林和梭梭林为主要研究对象,并以附近天然植被为对照,采用连续小样方组成的样带法调查,分析了已进入衰老期的3种人工固沙林的多种群多尺度格局特点及种间关联.结果表明：对照区的天然植被中, 74.29%以油蒿单种群格局出现,24.99%以白刺单种群格局出现;人工固沙林逐渐演替成为近天然植被.与对照区天然植被相比,人工固沙林格局强度较高,在防风固沙,促进天然固沙植物恢复、演替方面发挥了重要作用.但随着演替进程,人工种植灌木将衰退减少,天然植物种逐渐成为林分的优势种.在环境条件差异较小情况下,植被的格局尺度受斑块内优势植物种特征及其相互关系的影响较大.种间关联与斑块的大小、植物种组成及不同植物种对斑块的贡献率有关.     

Changing Perceptions of Change: The Role of Scientists in Tamarix and River Management

Initially introduced to western United States to provide ecosystem services such as erosion control, Tamarix by the mid-1900s had became vilified as a profligate waster of water. This large shrub continues, today, to be indicted for various presumed environmental and economic costs, and millions of dollars are expended on its eradication. In this review, we examine the role of scientists in driving changes in perceptions of Tamarix from valuable import to vilified invader and (in some instances) back to a productive member of riparian plant communities. Scientists over the years have sustained a negative perception of Tamarix by, among other things, (1) citing outmoded sources; (2) inferring causation from correlative studies; (3) applying conclusions beyond the scope (domain) of the studies; and (4) emphasizing findings that present the species as an extreme or unnatural agent of change. Recent research is challenging the prevailing dogma regarding Tamarix 's role in ecosystem function and habitat degradation and many scientists now recommend management shifts from "pest plant" eradication to systemic, process-based restoration. However, prejudice against this and other non-native species persists. To further close the gap between science and management, it is important for scientists to strive to (1) cite sources appropriately; (2) avoid reflexive antiexotic bias; (3) avoid war-based and pestilence-based terminology; (4) heed the levels of certainty and the environmental domain of studies; (5) maintain up-to-date information on educational Web sites; and (6) prior to undertaking restoration or management actions, conduct a thorough and critical review of the literature.