温度胁迫对小金蝠蛾幼虫抗氧化酶活性的影响

小金蝠蛾Hepialus xiaojinensis Tu.是我国名贵中药材冬虫夏草的寄主昆虫之一,适宜在高海拔低温地区(8℃-12℃)生存。本文研究了小金蝠蛾在不同温度(4℃、12℃、16℃、20℃、24℃、28℃)条件下处理4 h和12 h后4龄幼虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)的活力变化,以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明,小金蝠蛾在正常生长发育情况下SOD具有较高活性;经温度胁迫后,SOD活力持续维持在较高活性,CAT、POD活性以及T-AOC活性显著性升高(P0.05);GSTs在24℃以上活性有降低趋势,MDA含量有上升趋势。     

温度和紫外辐射胁迫对西藏飞蝗抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨西藏飞蝗(Locusta migratoria tibetensis Chen)对环境的适应机制,报道了温度和紫外辐射胁迫对西藏飞蝗抗氧化系统影响。以西藏飞蝗成虫为试材,研究5—20℃低温、30—45℃高温胁迫和紫外线辐射对其抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。在5—20℃低温胁迫下,成虫体壁和消化道超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量分别随温度降低而升高;在30—35℃高温胁迫下,成虫SOD、POD和CAT活性分别随温度升高而升高,当温度超过35℃时,3种氧化酶活性均下降。长波紫外辐射(UV-A)和中波紫外辐射(UV-B)对处理后24h和72h成虫的SOD活性的影响大于可见光,在UV-A、UV-B和可见光3种光波长处理下,成虫的POD和CAT活性随光照时间的延长而增加,其中UV-B对两种酶活性影响大于UV-A和可见光,表现为UV-B处理组>UV-A处理组>可见光处理组;UV-A和UV-B处理能导致虫体体壁MDA含量明显升高,且对脂质过氧化的诱导存在时间效应;雌虫体壁、雌虫消化道、雄虫体壁和雄虫消化道的MDA含量分别在UV-B72h、UV-A72h、UV-A72h和UV-B72h达最大值0.72、0.88、0.66和0.94 nmol/g鲜重。在20—5℃低温胁迫下,西藏飞蝗成虫抗氧化酶活性升高,能较好的保护自身免遭活性氧自由基的伤害;西藏飞蝗对高温忍耐力差,在高于35℃高温胁迫下,成虫SOD、POD、CAT活性均下降;在长波和中波紫外辐射下,西藏飞蝗抗氧化酶活性显著升高,是西藏飞蝗对紫外线辐射强度大的青藏高原的一种重要适应。     

高温干旱复合胁迫对构树幼苗抗氧化酶活性和活性氧代谢的影响

近年来,全球气温不断升高,亚热带部分地区夏季高温和临时性干旱现象日益显著,高温与干旱严重威胁着植物的生存与生长。采用盆栽和人工气候室方式模拟不同的温度和土壤水分梯度,研究了高温与干旱复合胁迫对构树幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、活性氧代谢和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明:(1)高温或干旱单一胁迫下,构树幼苗SOD、POD、CAT活性增加,复合胁迫下,SOD和POD酶活性高于单一胁迫,且随着复合胁迫时间延长而升高。SOD活性受温度和土壤水分双因素影响极其显著,复合胁迫对SOD活性有一定程度的叠加效应;(2)复合胁迫下,活性氧代谢物与MDA含量均显著高于单一胁迫,表明复合胁迫加剧对植物的伤害。通过改变抗氧化酶活性以减轻膜脂过氧化的伤害作用是有限的。     

UV-B照射对烟蚜抗氧化系统的影响

为明确UV-B照射能否对烟蚜Myzus persicae造成氧化胁迫以及烟蚜酶促抗氧化系统在UV照射下的应答反应,本研究采用比色法,测定了UV-B照射不同时间(0、15、30和45 min)后,烟蚜体内的总抗氧化能力、丙二醛(MDA)和蛋白质羰基含量,及其体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)的活性。与对照相比,UV-B照射时间为15和30 min时,烟蚜体内的总抗氧化能力、丙二醛和蛋白羰基含量显著升高,当照射时间延长至45 min时,均又恢复到对照水平。UV-B照射烟蚜15 min时,其体内CAT、POD和GST活性均显著升高;照射时间延长至30 min时,SOD活性、CAT和POD活性达到最大值,GST活性恢复到对照水平。当照射时间延长至45 min时,SOD、CAT、POD和GST的活性均恢复到对照水平。本研究表明UV-B照射对烟蚜造成氧化胁迫,使得烟蚜体内酶促抗氧化系统产生应激响应。     

温度胁迫对茶淡黄刺蛾四种保护酶活力和总抗氧化力的影响

【目的】温度适应性是决定昆虫分布和扩散的重要因素。为探索茶淡黄刺蛾Darna trima(Moore)对温度胁迫的耐受性,本研究测定了温度胁迫对4种抗氧化酶的活力和总抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】分别将茶淡黄刺蛾老熟幼虫置于﹣5、0、5、26(对照)、35、37.5、40℃下处理2、4、6 h,测定其体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的活力变化。【结果】茶淡黄刺蛾的4种抗氧化酶的活力和总抗氧化能力在不同温度和时间之间均存在显著变化,但不同指标对温度胁迫具有不同的响应模式。低温胁迫尤其是﹣5℃对各指标影响最为显著,而高温胁迫影响较小。【结论】SOD、CAT、POD、GST和T-AOC在茶淡黄刺蛾应对温度胁迫中具有重要作用,本研究可为判断茶淡黄刺蛾在茶区的分布范围提供一定的理论依据。     

井冈山杜鹃叶片抗氧化系统对高温胁迫的响应

以井冈山杜鹃(Rhododendron jinggangshanicum Tam)4年生实生苗为材料,通过人工气候箱盆栽实验,研究了不同高温处理下其叶片形态及生理生化指标的变化,以阐明高温胁迫下井冈山杜鹃抗氧化系统的防御机理.结果显示:(1)30℃和38℃处理6 d后,叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别比对照极显著(P<0.01)升高44.44%和127.16%、33.12%和129.35%、106.52%和188.64%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增幅较小,分别比对照增加3.77%和5.11%.(2)随着胁迫温度的升高,可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸(Pro)含量均明显上升,而抗坏血酸(AsA)含量却显著降低;除30℃处理与对照之间的可溶性蛋白质含量差异显著(P<0.05)外,其它处理间差异均达到极显著(P<0.01).(3)随着胁迫温度的升高,叶片过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量大量积累,各处理间差异达到极显著或显著;而形态上则表现为受害加重,植株出现轻度萎蔫、老叶褐化脱落、新叶坏死等现象.研究表明,井冈山杜鹃受到高温胁迫的氧化伤害可能与AsA含量显著下降和H2O2、MDA含量大幅增加有关,其植物体能诱导增加抗氧化保护酶活性及Pro含量以提高其抗氧化能力,从而减轻高温引发的活性氧毒害.     

肚倍蚜对高单宁环境的抗氧化反应研究

肚倍蚜Kaburagia rhusicola Takagi是我国的一种重要的资源昆虫,其瘿内生活环境较特殊(虫瘿单宁含量为70%)。为了解肚倍蚜适应高单宁环境生化机制,本研究以性母为对照,测定了瘿内不同时期肚倍蚜体内总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)的活性,分析了肚倍蚜体内的抗氧化系统对高单宁环境胁迫所作出的相关反应。研究表明,与对照相比,瘿内时期肚倍蚜体内的总抗氧化能力、CAT和POD活性均显著升高;SOD和GST活性除在有翅蚜阶段与对照无差异,在其他阶段的活性均显著高于对照。本研究验证了高单宁环境对肚倍蚜造成氧化胁迫作用,认为肚倍蚜体内的抗氧化能力和抗氧化酶活性提高是其对高单宁环境的一种适应。     

温度胁迫对腐食酪螨抗氧化能力的影响

【目的】以储藏物主要害螨腐食酪螨Tyrophagusputrescentiae(Schrank)为研究对象,采用温度胁迫处理,探讨其体内抗氧化系统对不同温度胁迫的响应机制。【方法】采用低温(0、5、10、15、20℃)、常温(25℃)、高温(30、33、36、39、42和45℃)胁迫处理1、2、3h后,测定腐食酪螨超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)3种酶的活力以及总抗氧化(T-AOC)能力和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。【结果】腐食酪螨3种抗氧化酶的活力、总抗氧化能力和MDA含量变化都与胁迫温度和时间密切相关;无论低温还是高温胁迫,SOD酶和GSTs酶活性较对照组均显著增加,说明它们在清除活性氧(ROS)过程中发挥着重要作用。【结论】温度胁迫对腐食酪螨有重要作用,可提高其抗氧化酶活力。     

哒螨灵和高温胁迫下截形叶螨的应激反应

[目的]测定截形叶螨Tetranychus truncatus敏感品系(SS)、抗哒螨灵品系(Py-R)体内的自由基和保护酶的变化,探究截形叶螨在药剂和高温的双重胁迫下的应激反应,为叶螨的综合治理提供一定的理论基础.[方法]经哒螨灵和38 ℃高温处理后,测定截形叶螨不同品系体内的可溶性蛋白含量、超氧自由基(·O2-)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并分析自由基和3种保护酶的变化与药剂和高温双重胁迫的相关性.[结果]截形叶螨敏感品系和抗性品系经哒螨灵和高温处理后体内·O2-含量分别是对照的5.5192倍和1.3462倍,SOD活性分别是对照的5.3447倍和7.1052倍,CAT和POD活性也均高于对照.[结论]截形叶螨体内的·O2-、SOD、CAT和POD与哒螨灵药物和高温胁迫有关,Py-R在长期哒螨灵胁迫作用下对保护酶活性的诱导能力加强.     

多蒴灰藓（苔藓植物门：藓纲）对短期极端温度的生理响应

近年来,藓类植物作为一类模式植物,在分子生物学、抗性生理学研究中受到重视,因此,开展逆境条件下藓类植物渗透调节物质和膜保护系统相关指标变化的研究,将为了解藓类植物对逆境条件适应的生理机制提供基础资料。多蒴灰藓（Hypnum fertile Senden.）分布广泛,生境多样,本文研究了低温(5℃)和高温(40℃和60℃)在不同胁迫时间(0、1、2、4、6、8h)下多蒴灰藓体内可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛（MDA）含量和过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的变化,以期了解多蒴灰藓对不同温度条件的适应能力和响应的生理机制。结果表明：在5℃低温处理下,随处理时间延长,多蒴灰藓的可溶性糖含量逐渐增加,在高温处理下,呈现先升高后降低的趋势;游离脯氨酸、MDA在低温和高温胁迫下随处理时间延长都逐渐升高。CAT在5℃低温处理下活性逐渐升高,在40℃高温处理下先升高后降低,在60℃高温处理下则迅速降低,6 h后酶完全丧失活性。SOD的活性在5℃低温处理下随处理时间延长逐渐降低,在高温处理下则表现出先升高后降低趋势,40℃高温胁迫下6 h达到最大值,60℃胁迫下0.5 h达到最大值。POD在5℃和40℃处理下活性随处理时间延长逐渐升高,在60℃高温处理下则先升高后降低。这些结果表明,多蒴灰藓适生于20℃左右的温度条件下,60℃高温对多蒴灰藓的伤害明显,与高温相比,多蒴灰藓更适合生长于低温环境;多蒴灰藓通过增加游离脯氨酸以提高对温度逆境的适应;POD和CAT在多蒴灰藓抵御低温胁迫时可能起着主要作用,而SOD则在其抵御高温胁迫时起一定的作用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.