多西他赛联合卡铂治疗复发性卵巢癌的疗效观察

目的:分析多西他赛联合卡铂用于治疗复发性卵巢癌的临床疗效及用药安全性。方法:对28例复发性卵巢癌患者采用多西他赛联合卡铂方案治疗。结果:全组2例CR(7.14%),11例PR(39.28%),6例SD(21.42%),9例PD(32.14%),RR为46.42%。不良反应主要为血液系统毒性、胃肠道反应和神经系统毒性,但均未影响继续治疗,总体疗效满意。结论:多西他赛联合卡铂治疗复发性卵巢癌疗效较好,且使用过程简单,耐受性好。     

增强剂量的CTOP方案联合放疗治疗非何杰金氏淋巴瘤的疗效观察

目的:分析增强剂量CTOP方案联合放疗治疗非何杰金氏淋巴瘤的疗效.方法:我院从2005年5月至2008年5月期间初治43例非何杰金氏淋巴瘤患者,随机分成对照组和观察组,分别采用常规剂量(THP40mg/m2)和增强剂量(THP60mg/m2)CTOP方案治疗6-8个疗程,第4-6个疗程后放疗一次,观察疗效及不良反应.结果:对照组总有效率(CR+PR)为81.82%,观察组的总有效率(CR+PR)为85.71%,疗效有所提高.两组毒副作用差异无显著性.结论:增强剂量CTOP方案结合放疗治疗非何杰金氏淋巴瘤有较好的疗效,与常规剂量CTOP方案相比毒副作用相仿.     

多西紫杉醇与紫杉醇联合顺铂同步放化疗治疗晚期宫颈癌的疗效比较

目的:比较多西紫杉醇与紫杉醇联合顺铂同步放化疗治疗晚期宫颈癌的疗效。方法:选择2006年6月至2012年6月我院收治的宫颈癌晚期患者180例作为研究对象,依据随机数字表将患者分为紫杉醇组(n=90)和多西紫杉醇组(n=90),两组患者在放疗基础上分别接受紫杉醇135 mg/m~2,每周1次,多西紫杉醇25 mg/m~2,每周1次,4周一疗程,维持两个疗程,比较两组患者的近期疗效、生存时间和毒副作用发生情况。结果:紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇组近期治疗的总有效率分别为81.11%和87.78%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.217);且均未出现进展期的病例。紫杉醇组3年生存率为58.89%,明显低于多西紫杉醇组的75.56%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.017);紫杉醇组骨髓抑制和消化道反应的发生率分别为35.56%和37.78%,明显高于多西紫杉醇组的22.22%和26.67%,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:多西紫杉醇联合顺铂同步放化疗治疗晚期宫颈癌能显著提高患者3年生存率,降低毒副作用发生率,且用药量更少,相对安全、合理,患者可耐受,值得进一步临床研究。     

顺铂联合多西他赛、培美曲塞及吉西他滨治疗晚期肺腺癌的临床效果比较

目的:比较吉西他滨、培美曲塞、多西他赛联合顺铂三种化疗方案治疗晚期肺腺癌患者的近期疗效与安全性。方法:选择2014年7月至2015年8月在本院肿瘤科住院的经病理或细胞学证实为ⅢB~Ⅳ期肺腺癌的患者共140例,随机分为三组,分别采用多西他赛+顺铂(多西他赛组,n=38)、培美曲塞+顺铂(培美曲塞组,n=56)、吉西他滨+顺铂(吉西他滨组,n=46)三种化疗方案。对三组患者的近期疗效和Ⅲ、Ⅳ度毒性反应的发生情况进行比较。结果:吉西他滨组无完全缓解(CR)患者,部分缓解(PR)患者20例,稳定(SD)患者16例,进展(PD)患者10例,总有效率(RR)43.5%,疾病控制率(DCR)为78.3%;多西他赛组无CR患者,PR患者16例,SD患者12例,PD患者10例,RR42.1%,DCR73.7%;培美曲塞组无CR患者,PR患者28例,SD患者20例,PD患者8例,RR50.0%,DCR为85.7%。三组患者RR及DCR相比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。三组化疗方案的主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制,无Ⅲ~Ⅳ度皮疹和末梢神经炎等毒性反应发生。其中,培美曲塞组的严重骨髓抑制即Ⅲ度+Ⅳ度白细胞减少、中性粒细胞减少及血小板减少的发生率明显低于吉西他滨组和多西他赛组(P0.05)。三组化疗方案Ⅲ度+Ⅳ度血红蛋白下降、胃肠道反应、脱发、肝肾功能异常等毒性反应的发生率相比较差异均无显著性(P0.05)。结论:培美曲赛、多西他赛、吉西他滨联合顺铂方案治疗晚期肺腺癌的疗效相当,但培美曲塞组安全性更高。     

奈达铂、替加氟联合紫杉醇治疗晚期食管癌的近期疗效观察

目的：观察奈达铂（NDP）、替加氟（rt-207）联合紫杉醇（PTx）治疗晚期食管癌的近期疗效及安全性。方法：选择2008年3月至2010年6月在我院治疗的65例晚期食管癌患者,应用NDP20mg／m2,静脉滴注,第1～3天;Ft--207500mg／m2,静脉滴注射,第1～5天;PTx135～175mg／m2,静脉滴注,第1天;21天为1个周期,至少2个周期后评价疗效和毒副反应的发生情况。结果：除1例因奈达铂过敏反应停药外,共64例患者完成化疗并可评价疗效。该方案总体有效率（RR）为56．3％,其中完全缓解（CR）3例（占4．7％）,部分缓解（PR）33例（占51．6％）,病情稳定（SD）17例（占26．6％）,另有11例（占17．2％）出现不同程度的疾病进展（PD）。仅1例出现可控制的Ⅳ度骨髓抑制。结论：NDP、Ft-207联合PTx对晚期食管癌近期疗效肯定,安全性好,值得临床推广应用。     

多西紫杉醇联合适形放疗治疗老年贲门癌患者的疗效观察

目的:探讨周剂量多西紫杉醇联合三维适形放疗(3DCRT)治疗进展期贲门癌患者的疗效。方法:2007年10月到2009年5月38例不能手术的贲门癌患者行3DCRT,处方剂量62Gy,1.8Gy/次,5次/周;同时联合多西紫杉醇75mg/m2,每周1次,连续6周。用Kaplan-Meier法分析患者的中位无进展生存时间。结果:完全缓解12例,部分缓解18例,30名患者缓解(78.9%),中位无进展生存时间16.4个月。治疗过程中的毒副作用轻,患者可以耐受。结论:周剂量多西紫杉醇化疗联合适形放疗对进展期贲门癌患者是安全、有效的。     

奥沙利铂联合替吉奥胶囊治疗晚期大肠癌患者的临床疗效

目的:探讨奥沙利铂联合替吉奥胶囊治疗晚期大肠癌患者的临床疗效。方法:非盲法随机对照方法将患者分成试验组和对照组,各27例。试验组患者使用奥沙利铂联合替吉奥胶囊治疗,对照组患者使用奥沙利铂治疗,均为4个周期。评价两组治疗后的临床疗效和不良反应。结果:试验组:CR 1例,PR 11例,SD 10例,PD 5例。(CR+PR)RR 44.4%。中位疾病进展时间(TTP)9.5个月,中位生存期(MST)19.1个月。对照组:CR 0例,PR 5例,SD 8例,PD 15例。(CR+PR)RR 18.5%。中位疾病进展时间(TTP)8.6个月,中位生存期(MST)16.9个月。主要不良反应为血液毒性、胃肠道反应、外周神经炎及肝功能异常。试验组白细胞下降15例,对照组12例,试验组贫血发生为13例,对照组的为21例,试验组恶心、呕吐发生为18例,对照组为24例,试验组便秘发生为8例,对照组为15例,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:奥沙利铂联合替吉奥胶囊治疗晚期大肠癌患者相比单独使用奥沙利铂更加有效,更具优越性,不良反应更少,患者的生存质量得以改善,值得临床上推广应用。     

培美曲塞单药或联合铂类治疗晚期复治非小细胞肺癌54例临床观察

目的:培美曲塞是一种多靶点抗叶酸化疗药,目前已成为晚期非小细胞肺癌二线治疗的标准药物.本研究回顾分析培美曲塞单药或联合铂类治疗晚期复治非小细胞肺癌的疗效及不良反应.方法:对既往至少接受过1个标准含铂方案化疗的54例晚期非小细胞肺癌怠者,分为单药治疗组21例,联合铂类治疗组33例.单药治疗组给予培美曲塞单药治疗,培美曲塞500mg/m2,第1天,21天为1个周期;联合铂类治疗组给予培美曲塞联合顺铂或卡铂,培美曲塞500mg/m2,第1天,顺铂75 mg/m2或卡铂AUC=5,第1天,21天为1个周期.评价疗效及不良反应.结果:54例患者均可评价疗效.单药治疗组PR 1例,RR4.8%,SD10例,疾病控制率(DCR)52.4%,PD10例(47.6%).中位无进展生存期3.8个月;联合治疗组PR4例,RR12.1%,SD20例,疾病控制率(DCR)72.7%,PD9例(27.3%).中位无进展生存期4.8个月.与药物相关的不良反应主要为:Ⅰ/Ⅱ度骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应.结论:培美曲塞或与铂类联合治疗晚期复治非小细胞肺癌有效,不良反应轻微、可耐受.     

CVTP联合化疗方案对初治和复治难治恶性淋巴瘤的临床疗效研究

目的:比较环磷酰胺-西艾克-吡柔比星-泼尼松(Cyclophosphamidum-Vindesine-Tetrahydropyranyl-Prednisone,CVTP)联合化疗方案对初治和复治、难治恶性淋巴瘤的临床疗效。方法:按照化疗史将102例恶性淋巴瘤患者分为初治组59例和复治难治组43例,两组患者均给予CVTP联合化疗方案治疗,比较两组化疗效果、外周血淋巴细胞亚群、毒副反应差别。结果:初治组患者部分缓解(partial remission,PR)率和总有效率(overall response rate,ORR)均显著高于对复治难治组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);初治组患者治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~++、NK细胞含量均显著高于复治难治组,CD8~+水平显著低于复治难治组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);初治组患者化疗期间白细胞下降、血红蛋白下降、血小板减少、恶心呕吐发生率均显著低于复治难治组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CVTP联合化疗方案治疗初治恶性淋巴瘤近期疗效优于复治难治患者。     

吉西他滨与吉非替尼联合顺铂治疗西北区非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效分析

目的:比较吉西他滨与吉非替尼联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床有效性及安全性。方法:80例非小细胞肺癌患者根据入院顺序平分为治疗组与对照组各40例,治疗组采用吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗,对照组采用吉非替尼联合顺铂治疗,对比观察两组治疗效果及存活时间。结果:经过治疗后,治疗组无完全缓解患(CR)病例,部分缓解(PR)16例,有效率(RR)40.0%;对照组无完全缓解(CR)病例,部分缓解(PR)8例,有效率(RR)20.0%。治疗组的治疗有效率明显高于对照组,两组差异有显着性意义(P<0.05)。治疗组1年生存率为50.0%(20/40),对照组1年生存率为45.0%(18/40),两组1年生存率比较无统计学差异(P>005)。治疗组在治疗中有20例患者出现不同程度的不良反应,治疗组出现23例不同程度的不良反应。两组不良反应主要为皮疹、腹泻、转氨酶升高、皮肤水泡等。两组总的不良反应发生率与各个单项不良反应发生率相比无显着性差异,具有可比性(P>0.05)。结论:吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床有能取得更好的近期治疗效果,同时无明显不良反应,但不会提高1年生存率,值得推广应用。     

Effectiveness of Gemzar-Cisplatin therapy in stage IIIA-N2, IIIB and IV non-small cell lung cancer

120 chemotherapy naive patients were treated with gemcitabine 1250 mg/m2 iv. days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 iv. on day 1 between May 1999 and June 2001. The treatments were administered in 21 cycles. The median age of the patients was 53.1 years, the male/female ratio 65%-35%. Performance status was: WHO 0: 26%, WHO 1: 74%. The staging of patients were: IIIA-N2 23%, IIIB 37%, IV 40%. By histology the tumors were: 53.3% adenocarcinoma, 40% squamous cell carcinoma, 2.5% adenosquamous carcinoma, 0.8% macrocellular carcinoma and 3% non-small cell carcinoma (not categorised). We evaluated 413 cycles of chemotherapy. The median number of cycles was 3.44. The primary endpoint of the study was the median survival and time to progression, and the response rate. The results are the following: RR 40% (PR 37.5%, CR 2.5%), MR 13.3%, SD 25%, PD 22%. The time to progression (TTP) in the SD+MR group: 29.8 weeks, in the RR group: 34.1 weeks, mean of all patients: 28.1 weeks. The survival time was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. The median survival (MS) of all treated patients was: 54.9 weeks, in the PD group: 34.4 weeks, in the SD+MR group: 59.1 weeks, in the PR+CR group: 62.1 weeks. Conclusion: gemcitabine and cisplatin combination is a very well tolerated therapeutic regimen in the 1st line treatment of NSCLC. Furthermore, this treatment improves the RR and the survival of the patients as well.     

长春瑞滨联合顺铂治疗三阴性乳腺癌的临床观察

目的：观察长春瑞滨联合顺铂治疗三阴性乳腺癌临床疗效。方法：选择我院2007年5月～2011年8月期间收治经细胞学或病理学诊断并确诊TNBC患者85例,术后免疫学化疗证实ER、PR、HER-2均呈阴性,随机分组入试,长春瑞滨联合顺铂（NP组）45例,第1、8天予以静脉滴注长春瑞滨25 mg/m2,前3天辅以顺铂25 mg/m2滴注,21天为1个周期,治疗2个周期后观察临床疗效;紫杉醇联合顺铂（TP组）40例,第1天小剂量滴注紫杉醇135～175 mg/m2,,顺铂用量、用法及用药周期同上所示。对比观察病症缓释情况和毒副作用。结果：NP组总有效率（RR）48.89%,控制率（PD）为77.78%,TP组总有效率（RR）为37.50%,控制率（PD）55.56%,两组间有效率及控制率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组常见毒副反应为骨髓抑制、消化道和胃肠道反应。NP组消化道反应和骨髓抑制微重于TP组,两组间比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论：长春瑞滨联合顺铂（NP）新辅助化疗方案针对三阴性乳腺癌患者耐受性好、毒副反应较小、有效率高、不良反应可逆等优势,可作为临床推广药物。     

Large scale production of natural lymphokines with antitumor activity (OH-1) using transplantable human cell lines and its clinical use

OH-1, consisting of purified natural human TNF-alpha and natural human IFN-alpha induced from BALL-1 cells stimulated with HVJ, has been obtained in large scale using Hayashibara's hamster method and has synergistically enhanced antitumor activity against wider spectrum of tumor cells, in vitro and in vivo. One of the action mechanism of OH-1 is clarified to be a result of arrest in the S phase of the cell cycle. In phase I study of OH-1 by intravenous administration to 23 patients with different advanced and/or metastatic malignant tumors, OH-1 shows the similar side effects to that of IFN-alpha without serious ones. The maximum tolerant dose is assumed as over 2,000 x 10(4) U/body. The early phase II clinical study of OH-1 is now on going, in which OH-1 shows anti-tumor effect with intravenous administration of over 200 x 10(4) U/body/day. As a preliminary result, OH-1 in dose of over 200 x 10(4) U/body/day to 62 patients with disseminated or advanced solid tumor shows an efficacy rate of 21.0%; CR in one patient of breast cancer and PR in three patients each of breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and renal-cell carcinoma and PR in three other advanced cancer.     

Immunosuppressive treatment for nephrotic idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a meta-analysis based on chinese adults

Background

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is the most common pathological type for nephrotic syndrome in adults in western countries and China. The benefits and harms of immunosuppressive treatment in IMN remain controversial.

Objectives

To assess the efficacy and safety of different immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome caused by IMN.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and wanfang, weipu, qinghuatongfang, were searched for relevant studies published before December 2011. Reference lists of nephrology textbooks, review articles were checked. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the criteria was performed using Review Manager.

Main Results

17 studies were included, involving 696 patients. Calcineurin inhibitors had a better effect when compared to alkylating agents, on complete remission (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.13, to 2.30 P = 0.008), partial or complete remission (effective) (CR/PR, RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.52 P = 0.003), and fewer side effects. Among calcineurin inhibitors, tacrolimus (TAC) was shown statistical significance in inducing more remissions. When compared to cyclophosphamide (CTX), leflunomide (LET) showed no beneficial effect, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) showed significant beneficial on effectiveness (CR/PR, RR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.72 P = 0.0006) but not significant on complete remission (CR, RR: 1.38, 95% CI 0.89 to 2.13 P = 0.15).

Conclusions

This analysis based on Chinese adults and short duration RCTs suggested calcineurin inhibitors, especially TAC, were more effective in proteinuria reduction in IMN with acceptable side effects. Long duration RCTs were needed to confirm the long-term effects of those agents in nephrotic IMN.     

吉西他滨与吉非替尼联合顺铂治疗西北区非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效分析

目的：比较吉西他滨与吉非替尼联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床有效性及安全性。方法：80例非小细胞肺癌患者根据入院顺序平分为治疗组与对照组各40例,治疗组采用吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗,对照组采用吉非替尼联合顺铂治疗。对比观察两组治疗效果及存活时间。结果：经过治疗后,治疗组无完全缓解患（CR）病例,部分缓解（PR）16例,有效率（RR）40．0％;对照组无完全缓解（CR）病例,部分缓解（PR）8例,有效率（RR）20．0％。治疗组的治疗有效率明显高于对照组,两组差异有显着性意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组1年生存率为50．0％（20／40）,对照组1年生存率为45．0％（18／40）,两组1年生存率比较无统计学差异（P〉005）。治疗组在治疗中有20例患者出现不同程度的不良反应,治疗组出现23例不同程度的不良反应。两组不良反应主要为皮疹、腹泻、转氨酶升高、皮肤水泡等。两组总的不良反应发生率与各个单项不良反应发生率相比无显着性差异,具有可比性（P〉0．05）。结论：吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床有能取得更好的近期治疗效果,同时无明显不良反应,但不会提高1年生存率,值得推广应用。     

肿瘤旋磁治疗机的基本原理与临床初步应用

ZCX-Ⅱ型旋磁治疗机由上下两对磁头组成,下磁头由电动马达驱动,而上磁头则是在下磁头耦合力的作用下而发生同步旋转,以达到人体组织纤维与磁力线发生相对运动,从而产生磁生物学效应的目的,属国际首创。随机选择的32例临床放弃治疗的晚期恶性肿瘤患者,使用ZCX-Ⅱ型肿瘤旋磁治疗机,采用不同的治疗参数进行治疗。结果观察,症状完全缓解率达28.1%,部分缓解率达65.6%,总有效率为93.8%1,年生存率为28.1%。治疗后所有患者的临床症状和体征均可得到不同程度的改善和缓解,且无任何严重地毒副作用。文中介绍了该设备的基本原理、使用方法和临床疗效,并对其临床相关问题进行简要讨论。     

洛铂与紫杉醇联合治疗晚期卵巢癌的临床观察

目的：观察洛铂与紫杉醇联合化疗治疗晚期卵巢癌的近期疗效及不良反应。方法：50例晚期卵巢癌（Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期）患者,其中26例患者采用洛铂＋紫杉醇静脉化疗,其中洛铂30mg／m2,d1天,紫杉醇135～175mg／m。dl天。24例患者采用顺铂＋紫杉醇静脉化疗,其中顺铂25mg／m2,d1-3天,紫杉醇135～175mg／m。dl天,2～4个疗程观察疗效。结果：26例洛铂组患者中,完全缓解7例,部分缓解8例,稳定9例,进展2例,有效率为57．7％。24例顺铂组患者中,完全缓解5例,部分缓解8例,稳定6例,进展5例,有效率为54．2％。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制、骨骼酸痛、神经毒性和脱发。结论：洛铂联合紫杉醇治疗晚期卵巢癌疗效较好,毒副反应可以耐受。     

Chemotherapy in patients with progressive, undifferentiated neuroendocrine tumors: a single-center experience

Treatment of patients with undifferentiated and histologically confirmed neuroendocrine tumors (NET) usually includes chemotherapeutic intervention. This retrospective study evaluated the outcome of 2 such chemotherapies. 18 patients (11 males; age 56.2 ± 2.5) with proven progressive disease were enrolled (mean Ki-67 34 ± 5%). Patients were treated from 2005 to 2007 with regimen A (carboplatin, etoposide, paclitaxel), and from 2007 to 2009 with regimen B (cisplatin, etoposide). This change was due to low tolerability of regimen A. The standard imaging procedure was computed tomography. 8 patients underwent treatment with regimen A (mean 3.3 ± 0.7 courses). Due to severe side effects, 3 patients had their therapy prematurely discontinued. The treatment responses of 6 patients who received more than 1 course were: 0% complete response (CR), 17% partial response (PR), 50% stable disease (SD), and 33% progressive disease (PD). The median progression free survival (PFS) was 6.7 months (range 3.2-10.0). In contrast, 12 patients received regimen B (mean 3.8 ± 0.4 courses), and none of them dropped out because of side effects. The overall responses were: 0% CR, 17% PR, 42% SD, and 42% PD. The median PFS was 6.3 months (range 2.8-26.4). The response rates of both regimes were not statistically different. Patients who were treated with regimen B demonstrated comparable PFS and less severe side effects than patients who received regimen A. However, patients need to be aware of the relatively short PFS time. In order to improve therapeutic outcome of patients with progressive undifferentiated NET, new therapeutic approaches and larger multi-center studies are needed.     

Safety and efficacy of toremifene in breast cancer patients. A phase II study

46 postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer entered a phase II study with a novel antiestrogen, toremifene. Patients had either recurrent or primarily inoperable advanced disease. No prior or concurrent cytostatic or hormonal treatment was allowed. Eight patients (17%) achieved complete response (CR), 17 (37%) partial response (PR) and 13 (28%) had stabilization of their disease at least for three months. The mean durations of responses were 52 +, 53 + and 27 + weeks, respectively, with 5 patients in CR, 6 in PR and 1 with no change (NC) still continuing the treatment. No significant differences could be seen in response rates according to the concentration of estrogen receptors or presence of progesteron receptors in this group of patients. Toxicity was not a problem, in general, the treatment was well tolerated. Two side effects (sweating and vertigo) were classified as severe and one patient after achieving PR interrupted the treatment because of tremor.     

Inhibitory effect of combined treatment with the aromatase inhibitor exemestane and tamoxifen on DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rats

The antitumor effect of exemestane (FCE 24304), an irreversible aromatase inhibitor, given alone or in combination with tamoxifen, was investigated in rats with 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors. The compounds were given once daily, 6 days a week for 4 weeks. Exemestane, given at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day s.c., induced 26% complete (CR) and 18% partial (PR) tumor regressions, compared to 0% CR and 6% PR observed in controls. Tamoxifen, given at 1 mg/kg/day p.o., induced 16% CR and 13% PR. The combined treatment caused 41% CR and 16% PR, thus resulting in a higher antitumor effect than either single treatment. The apperance of new tumors was reduced by each single treatment and almost totally prevented by the combined treatment. Serum prolactin (PRL) levels, assayed 4 h after the last dose, were unchanged in the group treated with the combination, whereas tamoxifen alone caused a slight increase of serum PRL. These results indicate that estrogen deprivation through aromatase inhibition and estrogen receptor antagonism causes a better inhibition of DMBA-induced mammary tumors than either treatment modality alone.