Analysis of Prunus armeniaca volatiles and the electroantennogram responses induced by them in Lcolytus rugulosus

田间观察发现,伐倒木对杏树皱小蠹Lcolytus rugulosus Ratzeburg有很强的引诱作用.采用顶空吸附采样方法林间采集杏树不同部位的挥发性成分,经热脱附吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(TCT-GC-MS)分析、鉴定杏树挥发物的组成成分.发现杏树释放的挥发性成分主要由脂肪族的绿叶成分和醛类物质组成,且不同部位的挥发物种类含量有一定差异.从已分析出的化合物中选取10种于室内进行杏树皱小蠹的触角电位试验,试验中以玻璃电极配合Kassiling's电生理盐水作为导电电极,反-2-己烯-1-醛作为测定值的参照物,对试验结果进行处理得到相对反应值.研究表明,皱小蠹的触角对醛类化合物正庚醛、2-乙基丁醛、壬醛等有较强的触角电位反应,其中对正庚醛相对反应值最大,是对标样反应值的4.29倍;对挥发性绿叶成分2-乙基-1-己醇触角电位也有一定的反应;对单萜烯类化合物α-派烯的触角电位反应较弱.     

横坑切梢小蠹对植物挥发物的电生理和行为反应

为筛选出适宜配制横坑切梢小蠹(Tomicus minor Hartig)引诱剂的有效化合物,测定了横坑切梢小蠹雌、雄成虫对寄主云南松主要挥发性化合物的触角电位(EAG)和行为反应。结果表明:与对照相比,在10 g·L-1浓度刺激下所测试的9种植物挥发物都能引起横坑切梢小蠹雌、雄虫触角的EAG反应,且触角对不同挥发物的EAG反应差异显著(P0.05),其中雌、雄虫对(+)-α-蒎烯、(+)-柠檬烯、(+)-3-蒈烯、β-蒎烯和异松油烯的EAG反应较强;在剂量反应试验中,雌、雄虫的EAG反应都随着(+)-α-蒎烯、(+)-柠檬烯、(+)-3-蒈烯和β-蒎烯浓度的增加而增强,当浓度增加到10 g·L-1时,EAG反应最强;而雌、雄虫对异松油烯的EAG反应在1 g·L-1最强;除(+)-柠檬烯没有明显的定向作用外,(+)-α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、(+)-3-蒈烯和异松油烯对横坑切梢小蠹均表现出了明显的引诱作用;行为反应多重比较表明,(+)-α-蒎烯在10 g·L-1浓度下对雌雄虫的引诱作用最大。该研究结果可为开发横坑切梢小蠹林间引诱剂提供参考。     

马尾松不同部位挥发物对松墨天牛触角电位和行为反应的影响

【目的】探究马尾松健康植株不同位置挥发性物质,比较其不同部位的挥发物的种类差异及含量,分析松墨天牛成虫对健康马尾松各部位挥发物的触角电位反应和嗅觉反应,为开展松墨天牛的行为调控技术提供依据。【方法】采用静态顶空法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了马尾松松针、1 cm枝条、5 cm枝条、20 cm树干、30 cm树干、松油脂6个部位的挥发物,并对松墨天牛雌雄成虫进行触角电位测定和行为反应观测。【结果】6个部位的挥发物提取物中,共检测出36种挥发性物质,各部位挥发物种类相近,相对含量差异较大,但其主要挥发物均为萜烯类物质,主要包括月桂烯、蒎烯、左旋-beta-蒎烯、莰烯等。在触角电位试验中,5 cm枝条挥发物提取物的触角电位值最高,松油脂挥发物提取物的触角电位值最高;在行为反应试验中,各部位挥发物对松墨天牛成虫均有一定的引诱作用,其中雌成虫对5 cm枝条挥发物提取物的趋向性最高,雄成虫对30 cm树干和松油脂挥发物提取物的趋向性最高。【结论】健康状态下,马尾松5 cm枝条及30 cm树干和松油脂中萜烯类挥发物制成的植物源引诱剂对松墨天牛两性成虫具有更好的引诱作用,这将为提高现有的诱捕剂效果提供参考,同时为松墨天牛虫害防治提供科学依据。     

华山松大小蠹对几种寄主挥发物组分的EAG和行为反应

为筛选适宜配制华山松大小蠹(Dendroctonus armandi)引诱剂的有效化学成分,用触角电位仪和Y型嗅觉仪测定了华山松大小蠹雌、雄虫对华山松挥发物主要成分的触角电生理(EAG)和行为反应.结果表明:在0.01、0.1、1、10、100 μg 5种刺激剂量下,7种化合物在特定浓度下均有明确的EAG反应;雌、雄虫对月桂烯、(+)-3-蒈烯、β-石竹烯3种化合物及雄虫对(+)-α-蒎烯、柠檬烯的EAG相对电位的最大值均出现在10μg刺激条件下;在10 μg刺激剂量条件下,雌虫对(+)-α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和(+)-3-蒈烯有明显的正趋向反应,正趋向率均高于72%且显著高于雄成虫对3种挥发物的正趋向率;在1 μg刺激下,只有雄虫对(+)-3-蒈烯有一定正趋向反应;而在100μg条件下,(-)-α-蒎烯对雌、雄虫均有一定驱避作用.该研究结果可为开发华山松大小蠹林间引诱剂提供借鉴.     

被害马尾松（Pinus massoniana）针叶挥发性物质的提取、鉴定及蚕饰腹寄蝇（Blepharipa zebina）的电生理活性

试验使用动态顶空吸附的方法,提取了被害马尾松(Pinus massoniana)针叶挥发物,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)及标准样品进行鉴定。结果表明,被害马尾松针叶挥发性物质主要包括绿叶挥发物、单萜、含氧单萜及倍半萜等四大类物质;挥发物中以单萜的含量最高,其它3类物质含量较低。通过触角电位图(EAG)技术,测定了23种挥发性物质标准样品的石蜡油溶液对蚕饰腹寄蝇(Blepharipa zebina)雌蝇的电生理活性。结果表明,蚕饰腹寄蝇雌蝇对α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、长叶烯、莰烯、乙酸冰片酯等的相对触角电位反应值与湿润空气对照相比并无显著差异;雌蝇对其它刺激物的相对触角电位反应值与湿润空气对照相比均存在显著差异。同时测定了雌蝇对8种标样,在5个浓度系列下的剂量-反应,并分析了反应阈值。结果表明,蚕饰腹寄蝇雌蝇对顺-3-己烯-1-醇和里哪醇的反应阈值为0.1μg/μl,对壬醛的反应阈值为1μg/μl,对柠檬烯、α-水芹烯、2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯、β-石竹烯4种物质的反应阈值为100μg/μl,而对α-蒎烯,在测试的剂量范围内不存在反应阈值。在确定对蚕饰腹寄蝇有生理活性的物质成分和分析反应阈值的基础上,对寄生蝇类定位寄主的机制进行了讨论。     

松毛虫狭颊寄蝇对被害马尾松针叶挥发物的触角电位反应

松毛虫狭颊寄蝇Carcelia matsukarehaeShima是我国松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus(Walke)的重要天敌。通过对被害马尾松(Pinus massonianaLamb.)针叶挥发性物质的提取、鉴定以及对松毛虫狭颊寄蝇的电生理测定,结果表明,大多数的挥发性物质,包括绿叶性挥发物以及松针特有的单萜、氧化单萜和倍半萜,对雌蝇均有明显的电生理活性,其中以顺-3-己烯-1-醇最高,长叶烯最低。雌蝇对4大类挥发性物质的平均相对触角电位反应值,以绿叶性挥发物为最高,其余依次为单萜、氧化单萜和倍半萜。     

圆柏大痣小蜂对祁连圆柏挥发物的触角电位和行为反应

圆柏大痣小蜂(Megastigmus sabinae Xu et He)是我国甘肃、青海和西藏等地祁连圆柏(Sabina przewalskii)球果的重要害虫,其危害严重影响了祁连圆柏的种子生产和育苗。为了筛选和鉴定圆柏大痣小蜂寄主定位相关的化学活性物质,利用动态顶空采集法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS,Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer)分析了祁连圆柏不同状态的球果和枝叶共5类挥发物样品成分,采用气相色谱-触角电位联用技术(GC-EAD,Gas Chromatography-Electroantennagram Detection)测定圆柏大痣小蜂对寄主挥发物的触角电位反应,利用Y型嗅觉仪测定圆柏大痣小蜂成虫对几种化学活性物质的行为反应。研究结果表明：5类挥发物中共鉴定到117种化合物,每类样品都含特有的植物挥发性成分,但其主要成分基本相似;有15种化合物能引起圆柏大痣小蜂的触角电位反应;圆柏大痣小蜂对其中的12种挥发物具有明显的趋向行为反应。3种共有成分月桂烯、桧烯和右旋萜二烯均对圆柏大痣小蜂具有吸引作用,一年生未产卵球果挥发物特有成分α...     

柑橘凤蝶成虫虫体挥发物成分及触角电位反应研究

[目的]蝴蝶虫体的气味是识别同类和异性的重要信息来源.本研究通过分析柑橘凤蝶Papilio xuthus雌雄蝶羽化后挥发物的变化规律,并比较了未交配雌雄蝶对挥发物的触角电位(EAG)反应,为下一步探讨柑橘凤蝶求偶时嗅觉的利用提供依据.[方法]使用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)提取柑橘凤蝶挥发物,并通过气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析SPME提取物中的主要成分,采用触角电位仪(EAG)测定柑橘凤蝶Papilio xuthus对挥发物的触角电位反应.[结果]雌雄蝶羽化后共检测到14类挥发物,主要包括醇类和酯类,其中酯类、萜类在羽化后均有出现.交配时雌雄蝶均共有且含量较高的挥发物有2种(2-乙基己醇、2-乙基己基乙酸酯),交配时雄蝶特有挥发物仅1种(α-法呢烯),未检测到雌蝶特有的挥发物.柑橘凤蝶雌雄蝶从交配前到交配后,其体内的2-乙基己醇、2-乙基己基乙酸酯和α-法呢烯的含量都变化明显.在交配前及交配时2-乙基己醇和α-法呢烯含量增加,而2-乙基己基乙酸酯的含量减少,表明在交配时,可能有大量的2-乙基己醇、2-乙基己基乙酸酯和c-法呢烯释放到体外.并且未交配雌雄蝶对2-乙基己醇、2-乙基己基乙酸酯和c-法呢烯EAG反应均明显高于对照.[结论]根据雌雄蝶羽化后挥发物变化规律及触角电位试验初步检验,推测2-乙基己醇、2-乙基己基乙酸酯在柑橘凤蝶同种识别及同性识别中起作用,特有的挥发物α-法呢烯在柑橘凤蝶同种异性的识别中起作用.     

绿豆象成虫对绿豆豆荚挥发物的触角电位和行为反应

【目的】探究对绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensi有引诱作用的植物挥发性物质。【方法】采用触角电位(EAG)仪和Y型嗅觉仪分别测定了绿豆象成虫对绿豆Vigna radiata豆荚挥发物的触角电位和选择行为反应。【结果】EAG测定结果表明,已交配的绿豆象雌虫对23种绿豆豆荚挥发物的EAG反应值存在显著差异,对苯甲醛、2-己烯醛、己醛、辛醛和水杨醛5种醛类化合物的EAG反应值相对较高,其中对2-己烯醛的反应值最大,达20.68;且绿豆象成虫EAG反应值在1~100μg/μL浓度下,均随挥发物浓度的提高而增强,但已交配和未交配绿豆象雌雄成虫的EAG反应值无显著差异。行为试验发现,当5种醛类物质浓度达100μg/μL时,已交配绿豆象雌、雄成虫均对苯甲醛和2-己烯醛有显著正趋性,对己醛有显著负趋性,对辛醛和水杨醛无显著趋性。【结论】绿豆豆荚挥发物中2-己烯醛和苯甲醛与绿豆象偏爱选择密切相关。     

7种松树挥发物分析及其主要萜烯类物质对红脂大小蠹行为选择的影响

入侵种红脂大小蠹在我国逐渐向北扩散至内蒙古和辽宁等地.同时在林间发现,相对于油松Pinus tabuliformis,其更偏好危害樟子松Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica.本文主要分析我国7种松树挥发性物质以及新发生地红脂大小蠹对其中主要物质的行为选择.本研究采用动态顶空采样法和气相色谱——质谱联用技术(GC-MS),对7种松树树干木段挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)进行采集和分析,包括油松、樟子松、华山松Pinus armandii、白皮松Pinus bungeana、马尾松 Pinus massoniana、红松 Pinus koraiensis和落叶松 Larix gmelinii.在此基础上参考以往研究中与红脂大小蠹行为相关的化合物,选择树种挥发物中7种主要烯烃类化合物:(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯、(+)-3-蒈烯、(-)-β-蒎烯、月桂烯、(S)-(-)-柠檬烯,萜品油烯和莰烯,通过自制十通道行为仪器进行嗅觉反应试验,分析红脂大小蠹在不同浓度的化合物刺激下的行为选择反应.GC-MS结果表明,7种松树树干释放化合物中共包含烯烃类、醇类、酮类、醛类、酯类、酸类、烷烃和芳香烃8类化合物在内的54种化合物,其中烯烃类化合物相对含量最高.主成分分析及聚类分析结果表明,红脂大小蠹以往偏好寄主油松与新偏好寄主樟子松的挥发物相似度最高,(+)-3-蒈烯为其特有的挥发性物质,莰烯含量高于其他树种;4种受害寄主树种(油松、樟子松、白皮松和华山松)挥发性物质相似,均含有高比例的α-蒎烯,同时有β-蒎烯、柠檬烯、萜品油烯.选择上述6种化合物及月桂烯(华山松、白皮松中共有的萜烯类化合物)进行行为选择反应.结果显示,受害寄主树种中含有β-蒎烯以及油松、樟子松中的特征性挥发物质(+)-3-蒈烯对雌虫具有明显的吸引作用,低浓度(-)-柠檬烯(10-4mg/mL)对雄虫具有吸引作用;低浓度(10-4mg/mL)月桂烯对雌虫以及中浓度(10-2mg/mL)莰烯对雌雄成虫具有刺激性.综上所述,本研究证明了红脂大小蠹的寄主选择行为趋性与寄主树干挥发物的组成和含量有关.本试验结果将有助于理解植物挥发物对红脂大小蠹偏好寄主选择的影响,并进一步开发红脂大小蠹的引诱剂和趋避剂以应用于其防治.     

Host plant volatiles induce oriented flight behaviour in male European grapevine moths, Lobesia botrana

The European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana relies on a female produced sex pheromone for long-distance mate finding. Grapevine moth males compete heavily during limited time windows for females. The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of host plant volatiles by grapevine moth males and whether such compounds elicit upwind oriented flights. We compared five host plant headspace extracts by means of gas chromatography linked electroantennogram (EAG) recording. We identified 12 common host plant volatiles (aliphatic esters, aldehydes, and alcohols, aromatic compounds and terpenes) that elicit EAG responses from grapevine moth males and that occur in at least three of the host plant volatile headspace extracts tested. Subsequently the behavioural response of grapevine moth males to four these compounds presented singly and in mixtures (1-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (E)-β-caryophyllene) was recorded in a wind tunnel. Grapevine moth males engaged in upwind flights to all of four compounds when released singly at 10,000 pg/min and to all, except 1-octen-3-ol, when released at 100 pg/min. A blend of the four host plant volatiles released at 10,000 pg/min and mixed at a ratio based on the analysis of Vitis vinifera cv. Solaris volatile emissions attracted significantly more males than any single compound. Grapevine moth males perceive and respond to host plant volatiles at biologically relevant levels indicating that host plant volatiles figure as olfactory cues and that L. botrana males can discern places where the likelihood of encountering females is higher.     

云斑天牛对10种植物挥发物的EAG和行为反应

【目的】为了探明对云斑天牛Batocera lineolata Chevrolat成虫具有行为导向的寄主植物挥发物对成虫行为反应的影响。【方法】采用触角电位(EAG)和"Y"型嗅觉仪技术,测定云斑天牛成虫(未交配雌虫、未交配雄虫、已交配雌虫)对10种寄主植物挥发物的电生理和行为反应。【结果】所选化合物在特定浓度下,均能引起云斑天牛成虫较为明显的EAG反应,浓度为100μg/μL时,云斑天牛成虫对所测试的植物挥发物的EAG反应最强,其中未交配雌、雄及已交配雌虫对(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇的EAG反应相对值均为最大,分别达2.35、2.31和2.22。行为反应生测中,(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇对未交配雌、雄虫可产生明显的引诱作用,芳樟醇则对两者具有明显的趋避作用,而已交配雌虫对所有化合物均无明显趋性。【结论】试验结果可为开发对其有效的林间引诱剂提供一定的理论依据。     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对植物挥发物和寄主性信息素腺体化合物的EAG反应

测试了棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae Uchida对58种植物挥发物和5种寄主性信息素腺体化合物的EAG反应。在100 μg的刺激剂量下,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对C₅～C₇脂肪醇的EAG反应最强,碳链延长或缩短都将导致反应的降低;对脂肪醛、酮、酸和酯都有一定的反应。棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对萜烯的EAG反应很低,对氧化萜的反应普遍升高。3种芳香化合物均可激起棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂较强的EAG反应。剂量反应曲线表明,具有EAG活性的化合物激起的反应强度与化合物的剂量呈正相关,而2种萜烯——α-蒎烯和反式石竹烯,在测定的剂量范围内EAG活性都很低。棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对寄主性信息素腺体化合物也有EAG反应,用100 μg和1 000 μg的寄主性信息素刺激,雄蜂的反应可比雌蜂的反应高出1倍。对植物挥发物在棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂寻找寄主中的作用进行了讨论。     

Comparison of the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric steppe grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to plant volatile compounds

Two Oedipodinae grasshopper species Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Angaracris baraben-sis Pall. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are important pests on the natural grasslands in Inner Mongolia and often require insecticide treatment during outbreaks[1]. They both prefer overgrazed steppes and xerophytous habi-tats, and have thus been suggested as indicator species for steppe deterioration in typical steppe zones of In-ner Mongolia[2]. The two species have a sympatric distribution and sync…     

Electroantennogram responses of the carrot fly, Psila rosae, to volatile plant components

ABSTRACT. Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female carrot flies, Psila rosae F. (Diptera: Psilidae), were recorded to thirty-six volatile plant constituents. The most distinct EAG responses were obtained to: (1) the general green leaf volatiles 1-hexanol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol and cis-3-hexen-1-ol, their isomers cis-2-hexen-1-ol and trans-3-hexen-1-ol, the alcohol 1-heptanol, the ester cis-3-hexenyl acetate and the leaf aldehydes hexanal and trans-2-hexenal, and (2) from four compounds associated with the umbelliferous host plants of this insect, namely trans-methyl-iso-eugenol, β-caryophyllene, linalool and trans-2-nonenal. Higher responses were elicited by the leaf aldehydes than by the corresponding alcohols. Although the absolute amplitude of the female response was over twice that of the male, there were no differences between the relative responses to the compounds tested in both sexes, with the exception of a much higher response to the leaf aldehydes in the male. The shape of the EAG evoked by the various compounds was consistently different, with the slowest recovery being recorded for trans-methyl-iso-eugenol. While the antennal olfactory receptors of the carrot fly are sensitive to the closely related general green leaf volatiles, they are most specifically tuned to the aldehyde component of this green odour complex. In addition, the ability of this insect to discriminate between different plants may be augmented by the perception of a group of more host specific volatiles. The conformity of the responses of males and females to the compounds tested may indicate that host plant volatiles plays an additional role as an aggregation cue for both sexes.     

Volatile attractants for the common bluebottle, Graphium sarpedon nipponum, from the host, Cinnamomum camphora

Floral scent has been shown to elicit behavioral responses by butterflies which forage for flowers after receiving appropriate signals. In comparison with investigations about the role of floral scent, those of foliar odor are, however, very few. In this study, the foliar volatiles of Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae), which had been collected by air entrainment, exhibited activities toward Graphium sarpedon nipponum (Papilionidae) in both electrophysiological and behavioral tests. The volatiles were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with electro-antennographic detection (GC-EAD). Two electrophysiological active compounds were found which were determined as nonanal and decanal by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Female butterflies generally tend to show a greater EAG response than males to the headspace volatiles and EAG-active aldehydes. Two EAG-active aldehydes were found in attractant tests to be attractive to both sexes of the butterfly when treated individually. Although the difference between the sexes was not significant, the female butterflies' preference tended to be more active than that of the males.     

Electroantennogram responses to plant volatiles in two species of Pieris butterflies

Electroantennogram (EAG) responses were recorded from females of two related butterfly species, Pieris brassicae L. and P. rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) to 23 volatiles of plant origin, 19 of which have been reported to occur in the headspace of their preferred host plants, Brassica and Sinapis species (Cruciferae). In both species, selective responses were observed and the most effective compounds were the 6-carbon fatty acid derivatives trans-hex-2-enal, hexan-1-ol and hexanal, which are common green leaf volatiles. Of the 6 isoprenoids tested, myrcene and geraniol were most effective. Of the 4 crucifer-specific compounds tested, phenylacetonitrile was a distinctly stronger stimulant than the three isothiocyanates in both species. The rank order of mean stimulating effectiveness of all compounds tested was strongly correlated between the two species. Statistical analysis of dose-response relationships for 6 compounds revealed significant differences between compounds. The rank order of effectiveness changed with dose. Exclusive exposure to Sinapis arvensis during larval life and young adulthood resulted in quantitative changes in EAG responses to several compounds in both species, although the overall rank order of effectiveness was strongly correlated between the groups reared on the two host plants.     

Comparison of the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric steppe grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to plant volatile compounds

Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female Oedipodinae grasshoppers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Angaracris barabensis Pall to 37 plant volatile compounds were recorded. The two species have sympatric distribution and synchronous seasonal activity in Inner Mongolia Grasslands. They have different host plant preference with Oedaleus decorus asiaticus graminivorous and A. barabensis forbivorous. The EAG response profiles to 37 compounds of the two species and their both sexes were similar. Most of the green leaf volatiles elicited higher EAG responses in both species and sexes than terpenic compounds and some aromatic compounds. Strong EAG responses were elicited by 6-carbon alcohols (1-hexanol, Z-hexen-2-ol-1, E-2-hexen-1-ol, E-hexen-3-ol-1), aldehyde (E-2-hexen-1-al), ester (Z-hexen-3-yl acetate), and 7-carbon alcohols (1-heptanol) in both species and sexes. Monoterpenes with functional groups of alcohols and aldehydes were more stimulating than other monoterpenes tested. The sesquiterpenes tested elicited relatively low responses. Benzaldehyde elicited the highest responses for both species among aromatic components. Oedaleus decorus asiaticus showed higher EAG responses than A. barabensis to the green leaf volatiles, 1-decanol, 1-nonanol, 1-pentanol, hexanal, Z-hexen-3-yl acetate and to the sesquiterpenes (-)-trans-caryophyllene. Males have higher responses than females in Oedaleus decorus asiaticus. No sexual difference was observed in A. barabensis. Dose-dependent responses to six selected chemicals were observed from females. In both species, all the chemicals tested elicit EAG responses at concentration between 10^-3 mol/L and 10^-2 mol/L, except that the responses of A. barabensis to terpineol had a threshold concentration of 10-2 mol/L benzaldehyde and 1-hexanol had the highest slopes in dose curves, while 1-octen-3-ol showed the smallest slope in responses to the six chemicals tested. Comparative studies on the responses of two antennal sections and the whole antenna to six selected chemicals were carried out using females of both species. A significant EAG response was only recorded from the distal part of the antenna and not from the proximal seven segments.     

枣飞象对枣树植物挥发物的EAG和行为反应

【目的】枣飞象Scythropus yasumatsui是枣树Zizyphus jujuba主要害虫。近年来,在陕西和山西枣区暴发成灾,造成了严重的经济和生态损失。本研究旨在明确枣树挥发性物质在枣飞象成虫化学通讯中的作用,为该虫植物源引诱剂开发和研制提供基础资料。【方法】利用顶空吸附法收集5个枣树品种(木枣、狗头枣、赞皇枣、骏枣和酸枣)的枣芽挥发物,采用气质联用(GC-MS)进行化学指纹谱的鉴定和分析;随后分别利用触角电位(electroantennogram, EAG)仪和Y型嗅觉仪测定枣飞象成虫对17种枣树挥发性物质的EAG和行为反应。【结果】5个品种枣树的枣芽中共鉴定出挥发性物质6类26种,包括9种萜烯类、6种酯类、4种醇类、4种烷类、2种醛类和1种酚类;不同品种枣芽挥发性物质种类和含量具有差异。EAG试验结果表明,枣飞象成虫对测试的17种枣树挥发性物质的EAG反应相对值有明显差异。枣飞象成虫对D-柠檬烯、正十三烷、正十四烷、正十五烷、壬醛、棕榈酸甲酯、油酸甲酯7种挥发性物质的EAG反应较强。当挥发性物质浓度为0.1~100 μg/μL时,随着浓度增加,枣飞象成虫的EAG反应相对值先增加后下降,刺激浓度为50 μg/μL时EAG反应相对值达到最大。50 μg/μL浓度下,枣飞象雌成虫对棕榈酸甲酯和壬醛EAG反应相对值分别为3.84和3.67,雄成虫对棕榈酸甲酯和壬醛EAG反应相对值分别为3.47和3.21,极显著高于对其他挥发性物质的EAG反应相对值。行为反应结果表明,枣飞象雌雄成虫对棕榈酸甲酯和壬醛有明显趋向性, 选择率均大于65%,雄成虫对十五烷有明显趋向性,雌雄成虫对其他供试的物质无明显趋向性。【结论】棕榈酸甲酯和壬醛对枣飞象雌雄成虫均有明显吸引作用,十五烷对雄成虫有明显吸引作用。结果提示棕榈酸甲酯和壬醛可能与枣飞象对不同品种枣树偏好性选择密切相关。     

粉蝶盘绒茧蜂中国和荷兰种群学习行为及EAG反应的比较

昆虫的取食危害可导致植物释放的挥发物发生质和量的变化,天敌利用植物在受到植食性昆虫的危害后释放的挥发性物质来寻找寄主,这种植物挥发物在寄生蜂寻找寄主过程中扮演者重要的角色。粉蝶盘绒茧蜂(Cotesia glomerata)是菜粉蝶(pieris rapae)主要的内寄生蜂,是优良的蜂种,在生物防治上具有广阔的应用前景。分别以中国种群和荷兰种群的粉蝶盘绒茧蜂为研究对象,利用Y型嗅觉仪和触角电位(Electroantennogram,EAG)技术,比较了不同地理种群粉蝶盘绒茧蜂雌蜂的学习行为和触角电生理反应差异。旨在明确虫害植株释放的挥发物在两个地理种群中的作用。Y型嗅觉仪试验结果表明,雌蜂不同的学习经历会影响其对寄主植株的趋性行为。没有学习经历的中国种群雌蜂对虫害甘蓝挥发物较虫害紫甘蓝和虫害羽衣甘蓝挥发物表现出更强地趋性行为,无学习经历荷兰种群对虫害甘蓝挥发物同样表现出更强地趋性行为,中国种群3次间隔产卵和3次间隔气味学习使其对经历过的寄主植物挥发物趋性明显提高。荷兰种群3次间隔气味学习也会提高该蜂对经历寄主挥发物的趋性。EAG试验结果显示,两个地理种群雌蜂对所测定三类挥发物(体积比10-1)的反应强弱依次为:C6化合物>脂肪族化合物>萜类化合物;且在所测定的6种化合物剂量范围内,两个地理种群雌蜂均与trans-2--己醛和乙酸己酯(体积比10-4—10-1),壬醛、月桂烯和里那醇(体积比10-4—10-2)化合物的活性成正相关。结果表明,中国和荷兰种群雌蜂均表现出较为一致的学习能力和电生理反应。研究显示粉蝶盘绒茧蜂雌蜂可能利用甘蓝挥发物作为利它素而寻觅适宜的寄主,学习经历会明显提高该蜂对经历的寄主挥发物的趋性的行为。实验结果为菜粉蝶的生物防治提供理论基础。