新生霉素抑制拓扑异构酶Ⅱ对多瘤病毒DNA合成的影响

本文报告了Ⅱ型拓扑异构酶抑制剂——新生霉素对多瘤病毒DNA合成的抑制作用,发现新生霉素对细胞和病毒DNA的体外合成具有不同的抑制曲线。新生霉素在复制过程中抑制复制中间物转变成成熟的病毒DNA分子的过程,同时影响病毒DNA分子的负超螺旋密度。本文结果提示Ⅱ型拓扑异构酶是病毒DNA复制末期所必须的酶。     

核多角体病毒(NPV)感染的家蚕中肠DNA多聚酶的研究

家蚕核多角体病毒(NPV)感染的中肠组织中的DNA多聚酶,经过磷酸纤维素柱层析纯化,正常家蚕中肠与NPV感染的家蚕中肠NPV多聚酶都表现了前和后两个活力峰,感染NPV的家蚕中肠DNA多聚酶前、后峰的比活力比正常家蚕中肠DNA多聚酶前,后峰的比活力分别提高10～15倍,总活力回收为56～60％。研究了DNA多聚酶的性质,讨论了与NPV复制的关系。     

拓扑异构酶Ⅱ的结构、功能及作用机制研究进展北大核心CSCD

拓扑异构酶是存在于细胞核内的一类酶,它们能够催化DNA链的断裂和结合,从而调控DNA的拓扑状态,在基因复制、转录、重组、修复和染色体重塑过程中参与了DNA超螺旋结构模板的调节。拓扑异构酶通过催化切断DNA链的磷酸二酯键,产生DNA缺口而发挥作用,这种缺口可以改变DNA分子的拓扑结构,从而解决DNA缠结状态这一问题。在哺乳动物中,主要存在I型和II型两种拓扑异构酶。拓扑异构酶I(type I topoisomerase,Top1)催化产生DNA分子上的单链缺口,而拓扑异构酶II(type II topoisomerase,Top2)则催化产生DNA分子上的双链缺口。Top2在哺乳动物中又分为α亚型和β亚型。其中,Top2α的功能主要与细胞的增殖和多潜能性相关,而Top2β在神经发育中具有重要作用。本文就Top2的结构、功能和作用机制的相关研究进展作一综述。     

拓扑异构酶Ⅱ的结构、功能及作用机制研究进展

拓扑异构酶是存在于细胞核内的一类酶,它们能够催化DNA链的断裂和结合,从而调控DNA的拓扑状态,在基因复制、转录、重组、修复和染色体重塑过程中参与了DNA超螺旋结构模板的调节。拓扑异构酶通过催化切断DNA链的磷酸二酯键,产生DNA缺口而发挥作用,这种缺口可以改变DNA分子的拓扑结构,从而解决DNA缠结状态这一问题。在哺乳动物中,主要存在I型和II型两种拓扑异构酶。拓扑异构酶I(type I topoisomerase,Top1)催化产生DNA分子上的单链缺口,而拓扑异构酶II(type II topoisomerase,Top2)则催化产生DNA分子上的双链缺口。Top2在哺乳动物中又分为α亚型和β亚型。其中,Top2α的功能主要与细胞的增殖和多潜能性相关,而Top2β在神经发育中具有重要作用。本文就Top2的结构、功能和作用机制的相关研究进展作一综述。     

Nature揭示染色体复制新机制

在染色体的复制过程中，复制叉前端区域的亲代DNA分子常常会形成正超螺旋。尽管过去的研究证实为了确保复制又向前推进，常通过拓扑异构酶使DNA发生短暂的断裂从而释放出超螺旋产生的应力。还有一些科研团体则认为前进的复制又是沿着DNA螺旋发生旋转进而减少超螺旋的。然而一直以来科学家们对于在真核生物中线性染色体复制诱导的超螺旋应力的释放机制仍了解得不是很清楚。     

大肠杆菌topA-菌株中质粒pBR322的超凝集结构

超凝集DNA是质粒DNA的一种特殊拓扑结构形式,最初在大肠杆菌SD108(topA gyrB225)细胞中被发现.现在大肠杆菌DM800(topA-gyrB225)细胞中也发现了这种结构,这说明超凝集DNA的形成与细胞内旋转酶活性降低有直接关系,而与拓扑异构酶Ⅰ的存在与否无关.体外实验的结果显示,具有很强的正超螺旋松弛活性的拓扑异构酶Ⅳ可以将超凝集DNA完全松弛,这也证明质粒DNA的超凝集结构与超螺旋结构在细胞内是可以互变的.使用原子力显微镜对分离到的pBR322DNA超凝集结构进行分析,并与普通超螺旋进行比较,结果表明,超凝集DNA分子的结构发生了巨大的变化,其分子长度比正常超螺旋分子缩短了约30%,宽度和高度则增加了60%,结构更接近于A型DNA.另外,原子力显微镜研究结果表明,氯喹的嵌入并非改变了超凝集DNA的超螺旋状态,而是使其打结并最终压缩成一团.     

质粒pUC18 DNA分子构象的多样性与线圈型超螺旋DNA

从大肠杆菌HB101细胞制备的质粒pUC18 DNA可被双向琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离成6组电泳行为不同的结构成分.超螺旋pUC18 DNA的两种结构形式:互缠型超螺旋与线圈型超螺旋构象同时存在于这种DNA样品中.在离子强度等环境条件改变时这两种DNA构象可以发生互变.DNA拓扑异构酶能改变线圈型DNA在样品中的含量.线圈型pUC18 DNA的电子显微镜表观为面包圈形,直径约45nm.实验事实表明线圈型超螺旋DNA是不依赖组蛋白而独立存在的一种结构实体.     

耻垢分枝杆菌宿主整合因子(IHF)对DNA拓扑结构的影响

结核分枝杆菌(Mycobaterium tuberculosis)是结核病的病原菌,每年导致数百万人死亡.对于分枝杆菌基本生物学特性的研究有助于新的药物及治疗手段的研发.耻垢分枝杆菌(M.smegmatis)是分枝杆菌属中的一种非致病菌,与结核分枝杆菌亲缘关系较近,是实验室常用的研究分枝杆菌的模式菌种.分枝杆菌主要编码三种染色质蛋白,类组蛋白HU、Lsr2和宿主整合因子IHF.为研究IHF在染色体包装中的作用,我们在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化了耻垢分枝杆菌IHF蛋白(MsIHF),并对其影响DNA拓扑结构的性质进行了系统分析.体外研究的结果表明,MsIHF以同二聚体的形式存在,其对负超螺旋DNA具有一定的结合偏好性,同时,该蛋白可以有效地固定DNA负超螺旋.进一步的研究表明,MsIHF可以调控拓扑异构酶的活性.MsIHF的结合明显地抑制拓扑异构酶Ⅰ的松弛活性,而与此相反,该蛋白可以轻微地促进旋转酶引入DNA负超螺旋的能力.以上结果提示,MsIHF可能通过调控拓扑异构酶的活性影响染色体DNA的结构,进而调控其包装.     

大肠杆菌topA－菌株中质粒pBR322的超凝集结构

超凝集DNA是质粒DNA的一种特殊拓扑结构形式，最初在大肠杆菌SD108 (topA⁺ gyrB225)细胞中被发现. 现在大肠杆菌DM800(topA^－ gyrB225)细胞中也发现了这种结构，这说明超凝集DNA的形成与细胞内旋转酶活性降低有直接关系，而与拓扑异构酶Ⅰ的存在与否无关. 体外实验的结果显示，具有很强的正超螺旋松弛活性的拓扑异构酶Ⅳ可以将超凝集DNA完全松弛，这也证明质粒DNA的超凝集结构与超螺旋结构在细胞内是可以互变的. 使用原子力显微镜对分离到的pBR322 DNA超凝集结构进行分析，并与普通超螺旋进行比较，结果表明，超凝集DNA分子的结构发生了巨大的变化，其分子长度比正常超螺旋分子缩短了约30%，宽度和高度则增加了60%，结构更接近于A型DNA. 另外，原子力显微镜研究结果表明，氯喹的嵌入并非改变了超凝集DNA的超螺旋状态，而是使其打结并最终压缩成一团.     

DNA拓扑异构酶的分型

ＤＮＡ拓扑异构酶的分型郑晓飞孙志贤（军事医学科学院放射医学研究所,北京１００８５０）关键词ＤＮＡ拓扑异构酶ＤＮＡ拓扑异构酶是真核细胞和原核细胞中的基本酶。ＤＮＡ拓扑异构酶在细胞生命过程中起着重要作用,如在ＤＮＡ复制、修复、转录、重组中解开在复制和重组...     

Contribution of topoisomerase I to conversion of single-strand into double-strand DNA breaks

An in vitro system composed of nicked pBR322 DNA and purified topoisomerase I was employed to study the efficiency of the topoisomerase I-driven single-strand to double-strand DNA breaks conversion. At 1.4 × 10⁵ topoisomerase I activity units per mg DNA about 20% single-strand nicks were converted into double-strand breaks during 30 min due to topoisomerase I action. Camptothecin inhibited the conversion. The conversion was also inhibited when the relaxing activity of the used topoisomerase I was increased by phosphorylation of the enzyme with casein kinase 2. The presented data suggest that topoisomerase I may be involved in production of double-stranded breaks in irradiated cells and that this process positively depends on the amount of topoisomerase I but not on its phosphorylation state.     

Purification and characterization of a novel ATP-independent type I DNA topoisomerase from a marine methylotroph

DNA topoisomerase is involved in DNA repair and replication. In this study, a novel ATP-independent 30-kDa type I DNA topoisomerase was purified and characterized from a marine methylotroph, Methylophaga sp. strain 3. The purified enzyme composed of a single polypeptide was active over a broad range of temperature and pH. The enzyme was able to relax only negatively supercoiled DNA. Mg(2+) was required for its relaxation activity, while ATP gave no effect. The enzyme was clearly inhibited by camptothecin, ethidium bromide, and single-stranded DNA, but not by nalidixic acid and etoposide. Interestingly, the purified enzyme showed Mn(2+)-activated endonuclease activity on supercoiled DNA. The N-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme showed no homology with those of other type I enzymes. These results suggest that the purified enzyme is an ATP-independent type I DNA topoisomerase that has, for the first time, been characterized from a marine methylotroph.     

Topoisomerase activity is associated with purified SV40 T antigen.

Purified SV40 T antigen has been assayed for topoisomerase activity. The ability to relax negatively-supercoiled SV40 DNA was found in preparations of T antigen purified either from human 293 cells infected with Ad5-SVR111 virus or from insect Sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculovirus 941T. The T antigen-associated relaxing activity was stimulated by MgCl2 and was not dependent on ATP, suggesting that it is not due to cellular topoisomerase II. The topoisomerase activity was immunoprecipitated by a monoclonal antibody specific for T antigen, but not by a control monoclonal antibody. In addition, immunoblotting of purified T antigen from human 293 cells with antihuman topoisomerase I and anti-human topoisomerase II antibodies failed to detect cellular topoisomerases I or II. Sedimentation analysis of purified T antigen revealed that the topoisomerase activity co-sedimented with the hexameric form of T antigen at 23S. The topoisomerase activity is, therefore, either inherent to T antigen or due to a cellular topoisomerase I tightly bound to, and co-purifying with, T antigen.     

Pea DNA topoisomerase I is phosphorylated and stimulated by casein kinase 2 and protein kinase C

DNA topoisomerase I catalyzes the relaxation of superhelical DNA tension and is vital for DNA metabolism; therefore, it is essential for growth and development of plants. Here, we have studied the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of topoisomerase I from pea (Pisum sativum). The purified enzyme did not show autophosphorylation but was phosphorylated in an Mg(2+)-dependent manner by endogenous protein kinases present in pea nuclear extracts. This phosphorylation was abolished with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase and lambda phosphatase. It was also phosphorylated by exogenous casein kinase 2 (CK2), protein kinase C (PKC; from animal sources), and an endogenous pea protein, which was purified using a novel phorbol myristate acetate affinity chromatography method. All of these phosphorylations were inhibited by heparin (inhibitor of CK2) and calphostin (inhibitor of PKC), suggesting that pea topoisomerase I is a bona fide substrate for these kinases. Spermine and spermidine had no effect on the CK2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting that it is polyamine independent. Phospho-amino acid analysis showed that only serine residues were phosphorylated, which was further confirmed using antiphosphoserine antibody. The topoisomerase I activity increased after phosphorylation with exogenous CK2 and PKC. This study shows that these kinases may contribute to the physiological regulation of DNA topoisomerase I activity and overall DNA metabolism in plants.     

Identification of the gene encoding DNA topoisomerase I from Candida albicans

Abstract A gene encoding a type I topoisomerase (TOP1) was isolated from Candida albicans , sequenced, and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The TOP1 gene was identified from a C. albicans genomic library by hybridization with the product of a polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primer sets encoding regions conserved in other TOP1 genes. A clone containing an open reading frame of 2463 bp and predicted to encode a protein of 778 amino acids with sequence similarity to eukaryotic type I topoisomerases was identified. The C. albicans TOP1 gene restored camptothecin sensitivity and increased the topoisomerase activity in S. cerevisiae , indicating that the DNA fragment encodes a functional C. albicans topoisomerase I.