西藏簇角缨象天牛对核桃树七种挥发物的EAG和行为反应

【目的】为研究西藏簇角缨象天牛Cacia cretifera thibetana雌雄成虫对寄主核桃树释放的7种挥发性化合物的电生理反应和嗅觉行为反应。【方法】选取寄主三台核桃Juglans sigillata var Santai树释放的7种挥发性成分分别对西藏簇角缨象天牛进行触角电位EAG和"Y"型嗅觉仪行为反应测定。【结果】EAG测试结果表明,7种化合物在测试浓度范围内均能引起西藏簇角缨象天牛雌雄成虫的EAG反应。当化合物的浓度为0.000 4 mol×L~(-1)时,天牛成虫的EAG反应最弱,当化合物浓度为0.4 mol×L~(-1)时,天牛的EAG反应最强,其中对壬醛的EAG反应相对值最大,分别为1.84和1.74。"Y"型嗅觉行为反应测试表明,在测试浓度范围内,α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、1-石竹烯、壬醛、桉叶油醇和反式-2-己烯醛6种化合物对天牛雌雄成虫具有引诱作用,正己醛对天牛雌雄成虫具有趋避作用;当浓度为2 mol×L~(-1)时,壬醛对雌性天牛成虫、β-蒎烯对雄性天牛成虫的引诱率最高,分别为95%和87%,正己醛对天牛雌雄成虫的趋避率最高为87%和78%。【结论】核桃树释放的7种化合物均能引起西藏簇角缨象天牛雌、雄成虫的EAG反应,且α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、1-石竹烯、壬醛、桉叶油醇和反式-2-己烯醛对天牛雌雄成虫具有引诱作用,正己醛有趋避作用。该研究结果可为西藏簇角缨象天牛林间引诱剂的研发提供一定的理论依据。     

槐绿虎天牛对葡萄和杏11种挥发物的EAG及行为反应

【目的】为了研究槐绿虎天牛Chlorophorus diadema(Motschulsky)成虫对寄主植物葡萄6种挥发物和非寄主杏5种挥发物的引诱活性。【方法】通过触角电位(EAG)和嗅觉行为测定,分析槐绿虎天牛对11种挥发物单组分和其19种组合配方的EAG和行为反应。【结果】结果显示对槐绿虎天牛具引诱活性有10种单组分和12种组合配方,EAG反应结果中,各组分反应强弱依次为:N(非寄主配方)、M(非寄主配方)、B(寄主配方)、O(非寄主配方)、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、K(非寄主配方)、反-2-己烯醛、亚油酸甲酯、A(寄主配方)、D(寄主配方)、J(非寄主配方)、丁酸丁酯、1-戊烯-3-醇、R-柠檬烯、S-柠檬烯、3-蒈烯、异戊醇、4-甲基-1-戊醇、E(寄主配方)、F(寄主配方);行为测定结果中,相对选择率在30%以上的组分是:J(非寄主配方)、F(寄主配方)、A(寄主配方)、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、反-2-己烯醛、R-柠檬烯、D(寄主配方)、N(非寄主配方)、E(寄主配方)、B(寄主配方),其它组分1-戊烯-3-醇、异戊醇、4-甲基-1-戊醇、K(非寄主配方)、亚油酸甲酯、3-蒈烯、M(非寄主配方)、丁酸丁酯、S-柠檬烯则次之。因此引诱性好的组分依次为:N(非寄主配方)、A(寄主配方)、D(寄主配方)、J(非寄主配方)、F(寄主配方)、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、反-2-己烯醛、R-柠檬烯。【结论】(1)寄主植物挥发物引诱活性不都是绝对地高于非寄主植物挥发物;(2)含有某种化合物成分的组合配方的引诱活性有时低于单一组分;(3)总体来看组合配方引诱活性高于单一组分。本研究为槐绿虎天牛植物源引诱剂的研发提供了重要的理论依据。     

星天牛不同为害状态下山核桃挥发物成分的GC-EAD和行为反应

【目的】为了挖掘对星天牛Anoplophora chinensis有行为反应的山核桃Juglans mandshurica挥发物。【方法】采用动态顶空套袋吸附法收集不同为害状态[健康(CK)、天牛取食、产卵和钻蛀后]山核桃释放的挥发物,并运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)、气相色谱-触角电位测量系统(GC-EAD)及"Y"型嗅觉仪技术分析鉴定出对星天牛产生电生理及行为反应的挥发物。【结果】GC-EAD反应结果表明:星天牛成虫对不同为害状态下山核桃释放的挥发物中的蒎烯、罗勒烯、对二乙苯、萜品烯、壬醛、α-萜品醇、五甲基苯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、2,6-二甲基萘以及正十六烷10种挥发物产生显著的触角电位反应,对其他挥发物无反应,其中蒎烯和罗勒烯的反应较强。嗅觉反应结果表明:蒎烯仅对星天牛雄虫产生显著的引诱作用(P≤0.05),罗勒烯对星天牛雌雄虫产生极显著的引诱作用(P≤0.01);丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯对星天牛雌虫产生显著的驱避作用(P≤0.05),对二乙苯仅对星天牛雄虫产生显极著的驱避作用(P≤0.01),壬醛对星天牛雄虫产生显著的驱避作用(P≤0.05)。【结论】本研究结果表明,罗勒烯对星天牛雌成虫产生较强的引诱作用,而丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯对其雌成虫产生较好的驱避作用;蒎烯和罗勒烯对星天牛雄成虫产生较强的引诱作用,而对二乙苯和壬醛则对其雄成虫产生较好的驱避作用。     

甘薯蚁象对不同甘薯品种植物挥发物的EAG和嗅觉反应

【目的】为筛选对甘薯蚁象Cylas formicarius(Fabricius)有引诱作用的植物挥发性物质。【方法】采用顶空气体采样法收集5个甘薯品种的植物挥发物,通过气相-质谱联用系统(GC-MS)进行物质鉴定及定量分析,测定甘薯蚁象成虫对候选挥发物的触角电位(EAG)反应和嗅觉趋向选择行为。利用Y型嗅觉仪测定甘薯蚁象成虫对5个甘薯品种茎叶的嗅觉反应。【结果】5种甘薯品种的植物挥发物种类和含量有所差异。7种候选挥发物(罗勒烯、柠檬烯、壬醛、β-石竹烯、葎草烯、法尼烯和乙酸-顺-3-己烯酯)均引起甘薯蚁象雌、雄成虫的EAG反应。其中,雌虫对柠檬烯、壬醛和β-石竹烯的反应相对值较大;而引起雄虫反应相对值较大的挥发物为罗勒烯、柠檬烯、葎草烯。在趋向行为反应中,柠檬烯和壬醛对甘薯蚁象雄虫的吸引作用高于对照,而雌虫对葎草烯、柠檬烯有极显著的趋向选择。甘薯蚁象成虫对5种茎叶的反应率为40.90%~65.21%,且5个甘薯品种的茎叶挥发物均没有显著的引诱作用(P0.05)。【结论】甘薯蚁象雌、雄成虫对甘薯植物挥发物具有不同的EAG及趋向行为反应,气味化合物柠檬烯与甘薯蚁象偏爱选择密切相关。     

红缘天牛成虫对杏树挥发物的生理和行为反应

为了研究红缘天牛成虫对寄主植物杏树衰弱树及木段挥发物的生理及行为反应,本文用6种挥发物,分别以不同浓度的单一组份对红缘天牛进行了电生理和行为测试;又在这6种单组份化合物对天牛行为选择表现为引诱活性的浓度范围内选择EAG值最高的浓度,以4-6种化合物等体积制成7种组合配方进行EAG和行为测试。结果表明:单一组份R-柠檬烯、反-2-己烯醛、丁酸丁酯、S-柠檬烯、异戊醇和3-蒈烯等6种单一化合物在预设的8个浓度梯度范围内,都能引起红缘天牛产生一定的生理反应,但行为选择实验的结果没有统计学意义。7种组合配方中,R4对红缘天牛成虫引诱活性最强(P0.01),引诱率达到76.67%,R1次之(P0.05),R4与R1的区别在于增加了丁酸丁酯;即丁酸丁酯在R4配方中具有明显的增效作用。     

星天牛对青皮垂柳挥发物的电生理及行为反应

【目的】考察星天牛Anoplophora chinensis对不同生理状态青皮垂柳Salix ohsidare挥发物的选择偏好性,深入探究星天牛对虫害青皮垂柳与健康青皮垂柳行为选择差异的原因。【方法】利用动态顶空吸附法,分别收集虫害和健康两种生理状态下的青皮垂柳枝条挥发物,通过气相色谱 质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对收集的挥发物样品进行鉴定与分析,采用触角电位仪(EAG)和Y型嗅觉仪分别分析星天牛对挥发物样品中鉴定的主要化合物的标准化合物的电生理以及行为反应,通过大笼行为实验和林间诱捕试验分析单一挥发性化合物及其双组分和三组分配方对星天牛成虫的诱捕效果。【结果】健康青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中共鉴定出3种主要化合物,包括α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和樟脑,而虫害青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中鉴定出5种主要化合物包括α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、β-罗勒烯和樟脑。另外虫害青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中的樟脑含量显著高于健康青皮垂柳枝条中的,3-蒈烯在两种挥发物中含量差异不显著,而健康青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中的α-蒎烯含量显著高于虫害青皮垂柳枝条中的。EAG实验表明,星天牛成虫对α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和β-罗勒烯3种化合物的EAG反应相对值较高,并且随这3个化合物浓度的升高而逐渐增大;星天牛成虫对β-蒎烯和樟脑的EAG反应相对值差异不大,且这2个化合物浓度变化对EAG反应相对值无明显影响。Y型嗅觉仪实验表明,在1 mg/mL浓度下,α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和β-罗勒烯吸引星天牛雄成虫数量均显著高于对照组（石蜡油）,β-罗勒烯吸引的星天牛雌成虫数量显著高于对照组;在10 mg/mL浓度下,3-蒈烯吸引的星天牛雄成虫数量显著高于对照组。大笼行为实验表明,三组分虫害配方D(α-蒎烯∶3-蒈烯∶β-罗勒烯=42∶30∶103)、α-蒎烯和β-罗勒烯吸引的星天牛成虫数量最多,显著高于双组分健康配方H(α-蒎烯∶3-蒈烯=105∶38)和3-蒈烯吸引的成虫数量。林间诱捕试验表明,α-蒎烯和虫害配方D对星天牛成虫的诱捕效果最好,诱捕的成虫数显著高于β-罗勒烯和健康配方H诱捕的成虫数,而3-蒈烯和空白对照组没有诱捕到星天牛成虫。【结论】虫害和健康青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中共有的α-蒎烯和虫害青皮垂柳枝条挥发物中特有的β-罗勒烯是对星天牛成虫具有引诱作用的两种重要寄主植物挥发性化合物,而3-蒈烯抑制了α-蒎烯对星天牛成虫的引诱作用。我们推测,虫害青皮垂柳挥发物中特有的β 罗勒烯是造成虫害青皮垂柳比健康青皮垂柳更容易受到星天牛危害的原因之一。     

桑天牛虫体提取物的成分及其在两性通讯中的作用

为明确桑天牛成虫释放的化学信息素成分及其在两性通讯中的作用,利用气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析了桑天牛整体及其腹末组织提取物的化学成分,采用Y型嗅觉仪测定雌雄成虫对5种主要提取物标准品的嗅觉反应,以及雌雄虫对涂抹标准品的洗脱同性与异性成虫的接触反应。结果表明: 桑天牛雌雄成虫整体及其腹末组织提取物化学成分主要为10个碳以上的烷烃和烯烃,其中顺-9-二十三碳烯含量最高,其次为二十七烷、二十九烷、十九碳烯、二十八烷和9-己基-十七烷等,以及少量醛类和酯类物质。嗅觉行为反应结果显示,二十九烷对雌雄虫的引诱作用显著,二十七烷仅对雌虫有显著的引诱作用,而十九碳烯则对雌成虫产生显著的驱避作用,1-二十二碳烯和顺-9-二十三碳烯对桑天牛雌雄虫作用不明显。接触反应结果显示,雄虫对涂抹1-二十二碳烯、二十七烷和二十九烷的洗脱成虫表现出明显的求偶行为,而雌虫仅对涂抹二十九烷的洗脱成虫表现出明显的求偶行为。综合分析发现,1-二十二碳烯、二十七烷和二十九烷是桑天牛性信息素的重要组分,在两性通讯中起重要作用。     

枣飞象对枣树七种挥发物EAG和嗅觉行为反应

【目的】枣飞象Scythropus yasumatsui Kono et Morimoto是枣树重要害虫之一。近年来,在陕北黄河沿岸枣区暴发成灾,造成了严重的经济和生态损失。为了明确枣树挥发物在枣飞象寄主定向过程中的作用,以便为开发植物源引诱剂奠定理论基础。【方法】采用触角电位仪和Y型嗅觉仪测定了枣飞象对枣树7种挥发物的触角电位和嗅觉行为反应。【结果】EAG试验结果表明:枣树的7种挥发物在一定的浓度下,都能引起枣飞象雌雄成虫明显触角电位反应,当刺激浓度为50μg/μL时,枣飞象对测定的7种挥发物的触角电位值达到最高,其中枣飞象雌雄虫对罗勒烯的EAG反应相对值均为最大,分别达2.87和2.53。嗅觉行为反应试验结果表明:罗勒烯、α-法呢烯均对枣飞象雌雄虫有明显的引诱作用,其中枣飞象雌雄成虫对罗勒烯趋向率高达70.8%、70.4%,而反-2-己烯醇仅对其雌虫表现引诱作用,对雄虫未表现出引诱作用。【结论】罗勒烯和α-法呢烯为吸引枣飞象雌雄成虫的活性物质,本反-2-己烯醇为吸引枣飞象雌虫的活性物质。     

不同危害状态下寄主山核桃挥发物成分的比较及桑天牛对其组分的GC-EAD和行为反应

【目的】挖掘能影响桑天牛Apriona germari行为反应的山核桃Juglans mandshurica挥发物,为筛选桑天牛的植物源引诱剂或驱避剂提供理论依据。【方法】采用动态顶空套袋法收集不同危害状态[健康(CK)以及桑天牛取食、产卵和钻蛀危害]下山核桃释放的挥发物,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)、气相色谱-触角电位测量系统(GC-EAD)及Y型嗅觉仪分析鉴定出桑天牛成虫对其产生电生理及行为反应的挥发物。【结果】不同危害状态下山核桃释放的挥发物皆以萜烯类和芳香族化合物居多,且有多种成分相对含量存在显著性差异,其中每种危害状态下山核桃释放的挥发物都有一种或几种特有的成分。桑天牛成虫仅对不同危害状态下山核桃释放的蒎烯、乙酸叶醇酯、壬醛、α-萜品醇、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯及正十六烷6种挥发物产生显著的电生理反应,对其他挥发物无反应,其中雌成虫对壬醛的电生理反应最强,而雄成虫对乙酸叶醇酯的电生理反应最强。嗅觉反应结果显示,丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯仅对桑天牛雌成虫有显著的引诱作用(P0.05),而乙酸叶醇酯则仅对雄成虫有极显著的引诱作用(P0.01);壬醛对桑天牛雌雄成虫均有显著的引诱作用(P0.05),而α-萜品醇则对其有显著的驱避作用(P0.05)。【结论】本研究结果表明,乙酸叶醇酯、壬醛和丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯对桑天牛成虫有较强的引诱作用,而α-萜品醇则对其有较好的驱避作用。     

云斑天牛对10种植物挥发物的EAG和行为反应

【目的】为了探明对云斑天牛Batocera lineolata Chevrolat成虫具有行为导向的寄主植物挥发物对成虫行为反应的影响。【方法】采用触角电位(EAG)和"Y"型嗅觉仪技术,测定云斑天牛成虫(未交配雌虫、未交配雄虫、已交配雌虫)对10种寄主植物挥发物的电生理和行为反应。【结果】所选化合物在特定浓度下,均能引起云斑天牛成虫较为明显的EAG反应,浓度为100μg/μL时,云斑天牛成虫对所测试的植物挥发物的EAG反应最强,其中未交配雌、雄及已交配雌虫对(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇的EAG反应相对值均为最大,分别达2.35、2.31和2.22。行为反应生测中,(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇对未交配雌、雄虫可产生明显的引诱作用,芳樟醇则对两者具有明显的趋避作用,而已交配雌虫对所有化合物均无明显趋性。【结论】试验结果可为开发对其有效的林间引诱剂提供一定的理论依据。     

EAG and behavioral responses of the wingless tea aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Homoptera: Aphididae) to tea plant volatiles

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the wingless tea aphid, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer), to 14 synthetic volatiles identified from tea shoots, their partial (GLV mixture) and full (ACB mixture) blends, and fresh young tea leaves, buds, tender stems, adult tea leaves and tea aphid-damaged young leaves (ADYL) were studied by using an electroantennography (EAG) and a four-arm olfactometer. ACB elicited the largest EAG responses. Major volatile components, Z-3-hexen-1-ol, E-2-hexenal, n-hexanol, methyl salicylate and benzylalcohol, from the tea shoots were strongly EAG active. All the 4 tested tea shoot tissues also elicited significant EAG responses, with the young tea leaves being the strongest, followed by buds, tender stems and adult tea leaves. Surprisingly, ADYL elicited a weakly negative EAG response. In the olfactory assays, the fresh and tender tea leaves, as well as the individual major volatile components, e.g. Z-3-hexenyl acetate, methyl salicylate, E-2-hexen-1-ol and Z-3-hexen-1-ol, from the tender shoots (EAG-active) were all attractive. This result might indicate that the wingless tea aphids may use tea shoot volatiles as kairomone to find their optimal feeding sites, e.g. fresh tender tea shoots.     

无翅茶蚜对茶树挥发物的触角电生理和行为反应

分别使用昆虫触角电位仪(EAG)和四臂嗅觉仪,测定了无翅茶蚜Toxopteraaurantii Boyer对14种茶树挥发性化合物、14种挥发物中"绿叶气味"组成的混合物(GLV)、14种挥发物的混合物(ACB)、以及新鲜嫩叶、芽、嫩茎、成叶和茶蚜为害嫩叶(ADYL)的EAG反应和行为反应。ACB引出最大的EAG反应值,茶树挥发物主要组分Z-3-己烯-1-醇、E-2-己烯醛、n-己醇、水杨酸甲酯和苯甲醇也引起较大的EAG反应值。4种正常茶梢的器官也引出较大的EAG反应,以嫩叶最强、依次为芽、嫩茎和成叶。有趣的是ADYL引出弱的负的EAG值。用嗅觉仪进行的生物测定表明,嫩叶以及主要的茶梢挥发性成分乙酸-Z-3-己烯酯、水杨酸甲酯、E-2-己烯-1-醇和Z-3-己烯-1-醇等也具有较强引诱活性。研究显示无翅茶蚜可能利用茶梢挥发物作为利它素而寻觅适宜的取食场所,如茶树嫩梢。     

Electroantennographic bioassay as a screening tool for host plant volatiles

Plant volatiles play an important role in plant-insect interactions. Herbivorous insects use plant volatiles, known as kairomones, to locate their host plant. When a host plant is an important agronomic commodity feeding damage by insect pests can inflict serious economic losses to growers. Accordingly, kairomones can be used as attractants to lure or confuse these insects and, thus, offer an environmentally friendly alternative to pesticides for insect control. Unfortunately, plants can emit a vast number volatiles with varying compositions and ratios of emissions dependent upon the phenology of the commodity or the time of day. This makes identification of biologically active components or blends of volatile components an arduous process. To help identify the bioactive components of host plant volatile emissions we employ the laboratory-based screening bioassay electroantennography (EAG). EAG is an effective tool to evaluate and record electrophysiologically the olfactory responses of an insect via their antennal receptors. The EAG screening process can help reduce the number of volatiles tested to identify promising bioactive components. However, EAG bioassays only provide information about activation of receptors. It does not provide information about the type of insect behavior the compound elicits; which could be as an attractant, repellent or other type of behavioral response. Volatiles eliciting a significant response by EAG, relative to an appropriate positive control, are typically taken on to further testing of behavioral responses of the insect pest. The experimental design presented will detail the methodology employed to screen almond-based host plant volatiles by measurement of the electrophysiological antennal responses of an adult insect pest navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) to single components and simple blends of components via EAG bioassay. The method utilizes two excised antennae placed across a "fork" electrode holder. The protocol demonstrated here presents a rapid, high-throughput standardized method for screening volatiles. Each volatile is at a set, constant amount as to standardize the stimulus level and thus allow antennal responses to be indicative of the relative chemoreceptivity. The negative control helps eliminate the electrophysiological response to both residual solvent and mechanical force of the puff. The positive control (in this instance acetophenone) is a single compound that has elicited a consistent response from male and female navel orangeworm (NOW) moth. An additional semiochemical standard that provides consistent response and is used for bioassay studies with the male NOW moth is (Z,Z)-11,13-hexdecadienal, an aldehyde component from the female-produced sex pheromone.     

Comparison of the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric steppe grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to plant volatile compounds

Two Oedipodinae grasshopper species Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Angaracris baraben-sis Pall. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are important pests on the natural grasslands in Inner Mongolia and often require insecticide treatment during outbreaks[1]. They both prefer overgrazed steppes and xerophytous habi-tats, and have thus been suggested as indicator species for steppe deterioration in typical steppe zones of In-ner Mongolia[2]. The two species have a sympatric distribution and sync…     

人尿及汗液中几种化合物对黄脊竹蝗的引诱活性

黄脊竹蝗Ceracris kiangsu Tsai成虫对发酵人尿及汗液有明显的趋向行为。利用昆虫触角EAG反应和林间诱蝗试验对氯化钠、碳酸氢氨及乙醇3种主要的人尿、汗液化合物的诱蝗活性进行测定。结果表明:3种物质均能明显激发黄脊竹蝗雌、雄成虫的触角电位反应,激发活性的强弱次序为乙醇>碳酸氢氨>氯化钠。3种化合物对雌蝗触角的刺激作用强于雄蝗。在林间,氯化钠、碳酸氢氨及乙醇及其混合物对竹蝗的引诱效果不明显,化合物浓度及药剂种类是影响竹蝗引诱量的因子之一。     

笋秀夜蛾雄蛾对性信息素化合物的电生理和行为反应

利用气质联用仪对笋秀夜蛾雌蛾性腺体粗提物成分进行了分析比对,通过触角电位(EAG)试验研究了笋秀夜蛾雄成虫对性信息素组分的电生理反应,以Y形嗅觉仪进行了室内和林间的行为生测.结果表明： 雌蛾性腺体粗提物中顺11-十六碳乙酸酯(Z11-16:Ac)和顺11-十六碳烯醇(Z11-16:OH)为笋秀夜蛾性信息素活性组分,性腺粗提物、两种化合物及其混合物均能激发雄蛾明显的EAG反应,且EAG反应值随性信息素组分浓度增加而增加.Z11-16:Ac和Z11-16:OH按57∶43配置成的二元混合物所激发的EAG反应强于同等剂量下的单一组分.室内的行为生测和林间诱捕试验结果与EAG反应基本一致,Z11-16:Ac+Z11-16:OH(57∶43)混合物对雄蛾引诱力最强,在林间单诱捕器(诱芯浓度为10⁴ng·μL^-1)的平均诱捕量达到(48.5±6.7)头.     

Comparison of the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric steppe grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to plant volatile compounds

Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female Oedipodinae grasshoppers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Angaracris barabensis Pall to 37 plant volatile compounds were recorded. The two species have sympatric distribution and synchronous seasonal activity in Inner Mongolia Grasslands. They have different host plant preference with Oedaleus decorus asiaticus graminivorous and A. barabensis forbivorous. The EAG response profiles to 37 compounds of the two species and their both sexes were similar. Most of the green leaf volatiles elicited higher EAG responses in both species and sexes than terpenic compounds and some aromatic compounds. Strong EAG responses were elicited by 6-carbon alcohols (1-hexanol, Z-hexen-2-ol-1, E-2-hexen-1-ol, E-hexen-3-ol-1), aldehyde (E-2-hexen-1-al), ester (Z-hexen-3-yl acetate), and 7-carbon alcohols (1-heptanol) in both species and sexes. Monoterpenes with functional groups of alcohols and aldehydes were more stimulating than other monoterpenes tested. The sesquiterpenes tested elicited relatively low responses. Benzaldehyde elicited the highest responses for both species among aromatic components. Oedaleus decorus asiaticus showed higher EAG responses than A. barabensis to the green leaf volatiles, 1-decanol, 1-nonanol, 1-pentanol, hexanal, Z-hexen-3-yl acetate and to the sesquiterpenes (-)-trans-caryophyllene. Males have higher responses than females in Oedaleus decorus asiaticus. No sexual difference was observed in A. barabensis. Dose-dependent responses to six selected chemicals were observed from females. In both species, all the chemicals tested elicit EAG responses at concentration between 10^-3 mol/L and 10^-2 mol/L, except that the responses of A. barabensis to terpineol had a threshold concentration of 10-2 mol/L benzaldehyde and 1-hexanol had the highest slopes in dose curves, while 1-octen-3-ol showed the smallest slope in responses to the six chemicals tested. Comparative studies on the responses of two antennal sections and the whole antenna to six selected chemicals were carried out using females of both species. A significant EAG response was only recorded from the distal part of the antenna and not from the proximal seven segments.     

Antennal and behavioral responses of Cis boleti to fungal odor of Trametes gibbosa

Cis boleti (Coleoptera: Ciidae) preferentially colonizes fungi from the genus Trametes that are known as important wood decomposers. The aim of our research was to investigate if C. boleti uses the chemical volatile composition of its fungal host, Trametes gibbosa, as a key attraction factor. Therefore, the T. gibbosa fruiting body volatiles were analysed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with parallel electroantennographic detection (GC-MS/EAD) using adults of C. boleti. Furthermore, we examined the behavioral responses of C. boleti to the T. gibbosa volatile compounds. The dominant component of the T. gibbosa fruiting body bouquet was 1-octen-3-ol. Other volatiles, like the aldehydes hexanal, nonanal, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal and the terpene alpha-bisabolol, were present in minor quantities. 1-Octen-3-ol was released with a ratio of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of 93:7, respectively. Electroantennography (EAG) employing C. boleti antennae yielded consistently dominant responses to 1-octen-3-ol. GC-EAD and EAG responses to pure standard compounds showed that C. boleti also perceived other host fungal volatiles. A highly significant attraction to 1-octen-3-ol was observed in behavioral tests. Female beetles were significantly attracted to the (S)-(+)- enantiomer at 10 times lower doses than male beetles. Our finding is the first direct proof that ciid beetles use 1-octen-3-ol as a key cue for host finding.     

美洲大蠊对多种化合物的触角嗅觉电位反应

用多种化合物的气味制激美洲大蠊(Periplaneza americana)触角,诱导、记录触角电位(EAG)反应.试验了各类化合物154种,其中53%能诱发出明显的EAG反应.绝大多数EAG反应是负相慢波,波幅多数为0.5—2mV,时程1.5—3秒.苯等少数化合物能诱发正相EAG反应.剂量-反应曲线大致呈“S”形,还可见适应现象.萜类化合物和挥发性植物油类诱发EAG反应的作用最强,其次是酮、醇、酯、胺类化合物.化合物的含氧功能基团和空间构型与EAG反应的诱发有一定的关系.可能是同一种化合物对不同种的感受器都可能诱发EAG反应.一般性化合物诱发雌、雄、成、幼虫EAG反应的差异不大,但雌虫类提取物仅对雄性成虫触角诱发较强的EAG反应.一些已知的驱、诱、杀虫剂也能诱发EAG反应,但仅表现为对一般化合物的反应特征.