无翅茶蚜对茶树挥发物的触角电生理和行为反应

分别使用昆虫触角电位仪(EAG)和四臂嗅觉仪,测定了无翅茶蚜Toxopteraaurantii Boyer对14种茶树挥发性化合物、14种挥发物中"绿叶气味"组成的混合物(GLV)、14种挥发物的混合物(ACB)、以及新鲜嫩叶、芽、嫩茎、成叶和茶蚜为害嫩叶(ADYL)的EAG反应和行为反应。ACB引出最大的EAG反应值,茶树挥发物主要组分Z-3-己烯-1-醇、E-2-己烯醛、n-己醇、水杨酸甲酯和苯甲醇也引起较大的EAG反应值。4种正常茶梢的器官也引出较大的EAG反应,以嫩叶最强、依次为芽、嫩茎和成叶。有趣的是ADYL引出弱的负的EAG值。用嗅觉仪进行的生物测定表明,嫩叶以及主要的茶梢挥发性成分乙酸-Z-3-己烯酯、水杨酸甲酯、E-2-己烯-1-醇和Z-3-己烯-1-醇等也具有较强引诱活性。研究显示无翅茶蚜可能利用茶梢挥发物作为利它素而寻觅适宜的取食场所,如茶树嫩梢。     

茶尺蠖绒茧蜂对茶梢挥发物的EAG和行为反应

为筛选有效诱集茶尺蠖绒茧蜂Apanteles sp. 的信息化合物及其组合, 选用了源于健康和虫害茶梢的27种典型挥发物的10-2 g / mL石蜡溶液、混合物1（含等量反-2-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯-1-醇和芳樟醇石蜡溶液）和混合物2（含等量反-2-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯-1-醇、2-戊烯-1-醇、反-2-戊烯醛、顺-3-己烯乙酸酯、正戊醇、正己醇和1-戊烯-3-醇石蜡溶液）, 用1~2日龄雌蜂为试虫, 测试其EAG反应, 并采用Y形嗅觉仪测定其行为反应; 另外, 选择5个茶园进行了野外生测试验。 EAG结果表明: 各味源的EAG值之间差异显著; 脂肪酸衍生物引起较强EAG反应, 其次为芳香化合物和异硫氰酸酯, 再次为倍半萜类和单萜类; 单组分中, 顺-3-己烯乙酸酯、反-2-己烯醛、水杨酸甲酯、反-2-戊烯醛、苯乙酮、苯乙醇、苯甲醇、苯甲醛和茉莉酸甲酯引起的EAG值较大, 1-戊烯-3-醇、2-戊烯-1-醇、顺-3-己烯-1-醇、香叶醇、罗勒烯、α-萜品烯、(+)-雪松醇、(+)-3-蒈烯、α-忽布烯和β-紫罗酮引起的值较小, Z-茉莉酮引起的最小; 混合物1引起的EAG值最大, 混合物2引起的较小. 使用EAG值较大的水杨酸甲酯、反-2-戊烯醛和混合物1等8种味源, 以Y形嗅觉仪进行的行为测定结果与EAG反应基本一致. 以正己烷为溶剂的10^-3, 10^-2和10^-1 g / mL水杨酸甲酯、10^-2 g / mL水杨酸甲酯和反-2-己烯醛混合溶液分别制成诱集剂, 载于橡皮头诱芯, 在浙滇闽粤茶园强烈地诱集茶尺蠖绒茧蜂、单白绵绒茧蜂和其他茧蜂, 并表现梯度效应。据此认为虫害诱发的茶梢互利素引起该蜂强烈EAG反应和趋向性, 互利素与互利素或普通植物挥发物的恰当组合可于茶园中有效诱集该蜂。     

Composition of the volatiles from intact and tea aphid-damaged tea shoots and their allurement to several natural enemies of the tea aphid

Abstract: The comparison between the composition of the volatiles from intact tea shoots (ITS) and that from tea aphid-damaged tea shoots (TADTS) was accomplished, and the difference of both volatiles in attraction to natural enemies of the tea aphid, Toxoptera aurantii , i.e the ladybug, Leis axyridis (Pallas), the aphid parasite, Aphidius sp., and the lacewing, Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmeal, was investigated in the current paper. Volatile components from ITS, obtained by air entrainment, were identified by their mass spectra and retention times and comfirmed by comparison with authentic samples. They are E-2-hexenal, ocimene, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol, butanoic acid-3-hexenyl ester, linalool, 1-octanol, geraniol and indole. Volatiles from TADTS have been identified as E-2-hexenal, ocimene, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool, geraniol, indole, benzaldehyde and E-2-hexenoic acid. Z-3-hexen-1-ol is the main component in the two kinds of volatiles, whilst benzaldehyde is the another main component in TADTS volatiles. The air entrainment extracts of TADTS and benzaldehyde elicit the stronger electroantennogram (EAG) responses, and the stronger upwind flight and arresting behaviour from each natural enemy in wind tunnel. EAG responses from Leis axyridis and Chrysopa septempunctata were bigger than those from Aphidius sp., whereas Leis axyridis responds to these odours slightly less than Aphidius sp. and Chrysopa septempunctata in wind tunnel bioassay. So TADTS emits volatile synomones, in which the amount of benzaldehyde is ample and its allurement is the strongest.     

茶梢和茶花主要挥发物对门氏食蚜蝇和大草蛉引诱效应

用Y形嗅觉仪进行的生测表明茶二叉蚜和蚜害茶梢复合体挥发物显著引诱门氏食蚜蝇和大草蛉．剂量为10^-4g·ml^-1时,在味源和空气对照之间,食蚜蝇对源于复合体的香叶醇和水杨酸甲酯、源于完整茶梢的正辛醇、源于茶花的橙花醇有极显著趋性(P<0．01),对源于复合体的反-2-己烯-1-醇、反-2-己烯醛、罗勒烯和芳樟醇有显著趋性(P<0．05);大草蛉则显著趋向源于完整茶梢的正辛醇和己醛(P<0．05)．剂量为10^-2g·ml^-1时,食蚜蝇对己醛、橙花醇及源于复合体的苯甲醛有显著趋性,大草蛉显著趋向于苯甲醛、己醛、香叶醇和反-2-己烯-1-醇．结果表明,除了醛类和水杨酸甲酯外,香叶醇、正辛醇和反-2-己烯-1-醇等也有显著引诱效应。2种天敌对信息物的反应是有阈值的,两种剂量的己醛均显著引诱大草蛉,橙花醇是引导食蚜蝇朝茶花定向的信息物。     

Production of volatiles by degradation of lipids during manufacture of black tea

During manufacture of black tea, lipids are degraded to volatile constituents. Cis-3-hexenal was present in appreciable amounts in the various parts of fresh shoots and decreased in the second leaves during manufacture. There was a simultaneous increase in trans-2-hexenal. Linalol and methyl salicylate also increased appreciably during rolling and fermentation. Most of the volatiles were lost during the firing process. The above trend was borne out by the ‘potential’ of the leaves for the production of volatiles as indicated by the increased amounts of volatiles produced by homogenizing the tissue in water against controls homogenized in 0.1 N acid. The C₆-aldehydes present in the headspace of withered shoots increased significantly following mechanical damage. The major fatty acids of the lipids in the various parts of the shoots were linolenic, linoleic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acids. The ratio of linoleic to linolenic acid in the stems was much higher than that of the leaves or buds and this was reflected in its higher 'potential for formation of hexanal. During withering and rolling of the second leaves, the unsaturated fatty acids showed substantial losses compared with the saturated acids. It is suggested that the enzymic breakdown of membrane lipids initiate the formation of volatile carbonyl compounds which are partly responsible for the flavour of black tea.     

Electroantennogram responses of the carrot fly, Psila rosae, to volatile plant components

ABSTRACT. Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female carrot flies, Psila rosae F. (Diptera: Psilidae), were recorded to thirty-six volatile plant constituents. The most distinct EAG responses were obtained to: (1) the general green leaf volatiles 1-hexanol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol and cis-3-hexen-1-ol, their isomers cis-2-hexen-1-ol and trans-3-hexen-1-ol, the alcohol 1-heptanol, the ester cis-3-hexenyl acetate and the leaf aldehydes hexanal and trans-2-hexenal, and (2) from four compounds associated with the umbelliferous host plants of this insect, namely trans-methyl-iso-eugenol, β-caryophyllene, linalool and trans-2-nonenal. Higher responses were elicited by the leaf aldehydes than by the corresponding alcohols. Although the absolute amplitude of the female response was over twice that of the male, there were no differences between the relative responses to the compounds tested in both sexes, with the exception of a much higher response to the leaf aldehydes in the male. The shape of the EAG evoked by the various compounds was consistently different, with the slowest recovery being recorded for trans-methyl-iso-eugenol. While the antennal olfactory receptors of the carrot fly are sensitive to the closely related general green leaf volatiles, they are most specifically tuned to the aldehyde component of this green odour complex. In addition, the ability of this insect to discriminate between different plants may be augmented by the perception of a group of more host specific volatiles. The conformity of the responses of males and females to the compounds tested may indicate that host plant volatiles plays an additional role as an aggregation cue for both sexes.     

Comparison of the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric steppe grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to plant volatile compounds

Two Oedipodinae grasshopper species Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Angaracris baraben-sis Pall. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are important pests on the natural grasslands in Inner Mongolia and often require insecticide treatment during outbreaks[1]. They both prefer overgrazed steppes and xerophytous habi-tats, and have thus been suggested as indicator species for steppe deterioration in typical steppe zones of In-ner Mongolia[2]. The two species have a sympatric distribution and sync…     

Electroantennogram responses of Douglas-fir seed chalcids to plant volatiles

Douglas fir seed chalcids females oviposit specifically into Douglas cones which they locate using olfactory and visual cues. We have tested whether this specialization was correlated with a specialized sensitivity towards cone volatiles. Field collected adults were presented a series of pure volatile chemicals. Electroantennogram responses (EAG) were recorded to generally occurring terpenoids and straight chain alcohols and aldehydes found in flowers and plant leaves. Monoterpenes identified in Douglas cone headspaces (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, 3-thujene, alpha- and beta-phellandrene, gamma-terpinene and myrcene) elicited lower EAG responses than fatty acid derivatives corresponding to green odours. The EAG response profile of females differed significantly from that of males. Females were very sensitive to hexanol-1, heptanal, (Z)-3 hexenol-1, terpineol and terpinen-4-ol. Male responses were significantly higher to humid air, nerolidol, thujan-4-ol, hexanal, carvacrol, piperitone and farnesol. Several compounds (Z- verbenol, carvone, jasminol, geraniol, nerol and eugenol) elicited long lasting electrophysiological responses (over 5 s) in both sexes.     

Comparison of the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric steppe grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to plant volatile compounds

Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female Oedipodinae grasshoppers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Angaracris barabensis Pall to 37 plant volatile compounds were recorded. The two species have sympatric distribution and synchronous seasonal activity in Inner Mongolia Grasslands. They have different host plant preference with Oedaleus decorus asiaticus graminivorous and A. barabensis forbivorous. The EAG response profiles to 37 compounds of the two species and their both sexes were similar. Most of the green leaf volatiles elicited higher EAG responses in both species and sexes than terpenic compounds and some aromatic compounds. Strong EAG responses were elicited by 6-carbon alcohols (1-hexanol, Z-hexen-2-ol-1, E-2-hexen-1-ol, E-hexen-3-ol-1), aldehyde (E-2-hexen-1-al), ester (Z-hexen-3-yl acetate), and 7-carbon alcohols (1-heptanol) in both species and sexes. Monoterpenes with functional groups of alcohols and aldehydes were more stimulating than other monoterpenes tested. The sesquiterpenes tested elicited relatively low responses. Benzaldehyde elicited the highest responses for both species among aromatic components. Oedaleus decorus asiaticus showed higher EAG responses than A. barabensis to the green leaf volatiles, 1-decanol, 1-nonanol, 1-pentanol, hexanal, Z-hexen-3-yl acetate and to the sesquiterpenes (-)-trans-caryophyllene. Males have higher responses than females in Oedaleus decorus asiaticus. No sexual difference was observed in A. barabensis. Dose-dependent responses to six selected chemicals were observed from females. In both species, all the chemicals tested elicit EAG responses at concentration between 10^-3 mol/L and 10^-2 mol/L, except that the responses of A. barabensis to terpineol had a threshold concentration of 10-2 mol/L benzaldehyde and 1-hexanol had the highest slopes in dose curves, while 1-octen-3-ol showed the smallest slope in responses to the six chemicals tested. Comparative studies on the responses of two antennal sections and the whole antenna to six selected chemicals were carried out using females of both species. A significant EAG response was only recorded from the distal part of the antenna and not from the proximal seven segments.     

OLFACTORY RESPONSE OF THE GRASSHOPPER MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES TO PLANT ODOURS AND VOLATILE COMPOUNDS

Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs1 were recorded from male adults of Melanoplus sanguinipes to foliage odours from 5 plant species and 9 volatile compounds as well as their blends. Higher EAG responses were recorded for Louisianna sage and Alfalfa foliages, compared to other three gramineous plants. Among green odour chelricals, 6-carbon alcohols (e. g. E-2-hexen-1–01 and E-3-hexen-1–01] resulted in the highest EAG responszs. No significant differences among the pentenol, 3-pentanone and blank control were observed. In ternary and quaternary mixture tests of volatile compounds, the combinations with pentenol did not elicit greater amplitudes; thus pentenol and 3-pentanone were proved to be unimportant to the response of this generalist grasshopper. The EAG data are discussed with regard to the role of host plant volatiles in host plant orientation and selection by the grasshopper.     

HS-SPME-GC/MS analysis of the volatile compounds of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Achillea collina</Emphasis>: Evaluation of the emissions fingerprint induced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Myzus persicae</Emphasis> infestation

A Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) method combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed and optimized to extrat and analyze the volatile compounds of aerial parts of Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. and to investigate the effect of the phlem feeding aphid Myzus persicae Sulzer on the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted by the infested plants. The extraction of 1 g of powdered freeze dried plant samples for 120 min at 30°C using divinylbenzene-carbowax-polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber showed the highest area counts for the majority of the volatile compounds. Overall, 62 and 80 volatile compounds were detected in control and infested plant samples respectively. In A. collina infested plants, we observed a great increase in both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes fractions. Several changes among alcohols also occurred, particularly regarding Z-3-hexen-1-ol, E-3-hexen-1-ol and E-2-hexen-1-ol proposing these compounds as herbivore-induces plant volatiles (HIPVs). New perspective for agricultural practice may derive from the opportunity to identify novel herbivores-induced plant VOCs active as plant protection agents.     

蚜害茶树挥发物组分变化的聚类分析

舒茶早(Camellia sinensis cv. ‘shuchazao’)是皖西南产区一种茶树品种。为研究茶蚜取食为害诱导的茶树挥发物释放特征, 运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术, 比较了健康茶梢和蚜害茶梢的挥发物组成和相对含量。结果显示, 健康茶梢挥发物种类(16种)和相对含量较少, 而蚜害茶梢挥发物种类(24种)较为丰富且相对含量增大。对具有显著性差异的挥发物种类进行无监督式聚类分析, 结果表明, 健康茶梢和蚜害茶梢挥发物具有明显的聚类特征。基于差异显著挥发物建立了偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)模型。经实验验证, 此模型可较好地区分健康和蚜害茶梢(R²X=0.903, R²Y=0.875)。通过计算变量重要性投影, 结果表明, α-蒎烯、长叶烯-(V4)、苯甲醛、反-2-甲基-2-丁烯酸环丙烯酯、3-己烯醛、莰酮和癸醛这7种重要挥发物的相对含量整体变化对判别健康与蚜害茶梢具有重要作用。研究初步揭示了茶蚜为害茶树挥发物含量变化的特征, 可为制定茶蚜防控策略提供新的理论依据。     

松毛虫狭颊寄蝇对被害马尾松针叶挥发物的触角电位反应

松毛虫狭颊寄蝇Carcelia matsukarehaeShima是我国松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus(Walke)的重要天敌。通过对被害马尾松(Pinus massonianaLamb.)针叶挥发性物质的提取、鉴定以及对松毛虫狭颊寄蝇的电生理测定,结果表明,大多数的挥发性物质,包括绿叶性挥发物以及松针特有的单萜、氧化单萜和倍半萜,对雌蝇均有明显的电生理活性,其中以顺-3-己烯-1-醇最高,长叶烯最低。雌蝇对4大类挥发性物质的平均相对触角电位反应值,以绿叶性挥发物为最高,其余依次为单萜、氧化单萜和倍半萜。     

华北大黑鳃金龟对桃树挥发物的电生理反应

【目的】华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita是一种分布范围广,寄主种类多的农业害虫。本研究鉴定了桃树顶空挥发物中对华北大黑鳃金龟雌虫具有触角电生理活性的化合物,并探索桃树挥发物活性成分的剂量对华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄虫触角电生理反应的影响。【方法】采用顶空吸附法收集桃树枝叶挥发物,用气相色谱 触角电位联用技术(GC-EAD)和气相色谱 质谱联用技术(GC-MS)鉴定有电生理活性的桃树挥发物成分,最后用触角电位(electroantennograph, EAG)技术测试这些挥发物在0.01,0.1, 1, 10和100 μg剂量下引起的华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄成虫EAG反应。【结果】桃树挥发物中能引起华北大黑鳃金龟雌成虫触角电生理反应的成分有7种,包括Z-β-罗勒烯、顺-3-己烯乙酸酯、顺-3-己烯醇、壬醛、水杨酸甲酯以及2种未知化合物。所测试的对华北大黑鳃金龟雌成虫触角具有电生理活性的5种桃树挥发物成分在各剂量下都能引起雌、雄成虫明显的EAG反应。雌、雄虫对同种物质的EAG反应随着剂量的增加而有增大的趋势,并且雌虫的EAG反应显著高于雄虫。【结论】桃树挥发物中,罗勒烯、顺-3-己烯乙酸酯、顺-3-己烯醇、壬醛、水杨酸甲酯均能引起华北大黑鳃金龟雌、雄成虫的剂量依赖性的触角电生理反应,而且存在显著的性别差异。可利用这些化合物开展行为反应和田间诱集试验,进一步验证其对华北大黑鳃金龟的引诱活性。     

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of a parasitic wasp to plant volatiles induced by two leaf miner species

In the present study, Y-tube olfactometric assays demonstrated that headspace volatile extracts collected from leaf miner-damaged, or artificially damaged, bean plants were more attractive to naive females of the parasitoid insect Opius dissitus than those collected from healthy plants. Headspace extracts from both Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza sativae second-instar larvae-damaged beans were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). Of nine EAD-active volatiles identified, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, (3Z)-hexenyl acetate, (syn)-2-methylpropanal oxime, and (syn)-2-methylbutanal oxime were the most abundant compounds that evoked significant electroantennogram (EAG) responses. Compounds (3Z)-hexen-1-ol, (anti)-2-methylbutanal oxime, linalool, beta-caryophyllene, and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene also elicited clear EAG responses but were present in smaller amounts. Choice experiments in a Y-tube olfactometer indicated that synthetic versions of (3Z)-hexen-1-ol, 2-methylpropanal oxime, 2-methylbutanal oxime, 3-methylbutanal oxime, linalool, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene were attractive individually, while (3Z)-hexenyl acetate and (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene were unattractive at concentrations similar to those obtained from the headspace collection. Moreover, a blend of nine EAD-active volatiles was significantly more attractive relative to hexane (solvent). A mixture of oximes, tereponids, and green leaf volatiles may facilitate host location by female O. dissitus.     

Response of female Cydia molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to plant derived volatiles

Peach shoot volatiles were attractive to mated female oriental fruit moth, Cydia molesta (Busck), in a dual choice arena. No preference was observed between leaf odours from the principle host plant, peach, and the secondary host plant, apple. Twenty-two compounds were identified in headspace volatiles of peach shoots using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Green leaf volatiles accounted for more than 50% of the total emitted volatiles. A bioassay-assisted fractionation using different sorbent polymers indicated an attractant effect of compounds with a chain length of 6-8 carbon atoms. The major compounds of this fraction were tested either singly or in combinations for behavioural response of females. Significant bioactivity was found for a three-component mixture of (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and benzaldehyde in a 4:1:1 ratio. This synthetic mixture elicited a similar attractant effect as the full natural blend from peach shoots as well as the bioactive fraction.     

Role of plant volatiles in host plant location of the leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Abstract The role of plant volatiles in host plant location of the leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard was studied. Four types of antennal sensilla were identified on the funiculus by scanning electron microscopy: trichoid, basiconic, clavate and grooved sensilla. An olfactory pit, containing groups of sensilla, was present on the ventral side of the funiculus. No sexual difference was detected in sensilla diversity and distribution. In behavioural assays, both males and females were attracted by the odour of the bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. They had distinct EAG responses to the bean odour. No significant sexual difference was found in behaviour or EAG responses.
Electroantennograms were recorded from female L. sativae to 14 plant volatile compounds. The most distinct EAG responses were obtained for: (1) the general green leaf volatiles 1-hexanol (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-3-hexen-1-ol and its isomers, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, the acetate (E)-3-hexenylacetate and the aldehyde hexanal; and (2) limonene, a compound associated with tomato, which is a key host plant of this insect. Other volatile compounds associated with host plants, such as α-pinene, myrcene, β-caryophyllene, and eugenol did not elicit responses. The ability of this insect to locate a host plant appears to be augmented by the perception of a combination of host-specific and general green leaf volatiles. A modification of the EAG recording method of Dipteran species was provided.     

芒果不同部位挥发物及横线尾夜蛾对其触角电位反应

【背景】芒果横线尾夜蛾是严重危害芒果花序和嫩梢的重要害虫,其发生面积不断扩大,给我国南方芒果造成了巨大损失。【方法】通过气质联用仪（GC-MS）对芒果花、梢和成熟果实的挥发性物质及其相对含量进行分析;采用触角电生理方法,测定不同性别和交配状态的芒果横线尾夜蛾对12种芒果挥发物的触角电位反应。【结果】芒果3个部位的挥发性物质多为萜烯类化合物,主要物质（相对含量在O．06％以上）的数量分别为芒果花中22种、梢11种和成熟芒果13种。芒果花中含量较高的为d．水芹烯（43．64％）和异松油烯（29．33％）;芒果梢中α-古芸烯（23．63％）含量最高;成熟芒果中8-石竹烯含量最高,为29．47％。仅异松油烯和β-荜澄茄油烯在芒果3个部位中均被检测到,但其含量差异较大;异松油烯在花、梢、果实中的含量分别为29．33％、19．99％、0．59％,而β-荜澄茄油烯分别为3．51％、2．18％、6．05％。芒果横线尾夜蛾未交配雌、雄蛾和已交配雌、雄蛾对同一种化合物的触角电位相对值之间均无显著差异。4种成蛾对反-2-已烯醛的触角电位反应值与其他化合物相比均有显著差异。交配后雌、雄蛾的触角电位反应值均有所降低,但与交配前相比无显著差异。【结论与意义】筛选出的反-2-己烯醛可作为横线尾夜蛾信息素的增效物质,对性引诱剂的研制具有重要意义。本研究可为从化学信号角度阐明横线尾夜蛾寄主定向和雌、雄交配机理,以及其致害机理提供依据。     

Do Strigolactones Regulate Bud Winter Dormancy and Charactrisitc Secondary Metabolism in Tea?

Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze.) is an important cash crop, which mainly uses tender shoots and young leaves for manufacturing. Due to the marketing characteristic that earlier made tea has higher price, the time of the breaking of winter dormancy buds in spring is extremely important in tea industry. Strigolactones are a group of carotenoids-derived metabolites which regulates bud outgrowth, shoot branching, tiller angle and environmental stress responses. The role of strigolactones in tea plant was briefly summarized in the current review, with an emphasis of the association of strigolactones on bud ecodormancy and shoot branching. The involvement of strigolactones on the biosynthesis of the tea characteristic metabolites flavonoids, caffeine and theanine were also discussed. Moreover, recent advances on the biosynthesis of strigolactones and its regulation by microRNAs and environmental stresses were also presented. This review provides a basis for future investigations underlying the mechanisms of strigolactones on bud winter dormancy and tea secondary metabolism.     

苹褐带卷蛾成虫对主要寄主植物挥发物的触角电位反应和行为反应

【目的】苹褐带卷蛾Adoxophyes orana是危害苹果、桃、梨、枣等果树的一种重要昆虫。近年来在陕西苹果和红枣产区发生面积逐年扩大,危害日趋严重。本研究旨在明确寄主植物挥发物在苹褐带卷蛾成虫嗅觉通讯中的作用,为开发植物源引诱剂提供基础数据。【方法】利用触角电位(electroantennogram, EAG)仪测定苹褐带卷蛾2日龄未交配雌、雄成虫对51种寄主植物挥发性化合物的EAG反应;利用本实验室开发的小型蛾类昆虫嗅觉行为测试装置测定苹褐带卷蛾成虫对15种具有显著EAG反应的挥发性化合物的行为反应。【结果】EAG测试结果表明,苹褐带卷蛾成虫对不同挥发性化合物的EAG反应相对值有显著差异,雌、雄成虫对顺 3 己烯 1 醇、反 2 己烯 1 醇、1 己醇、1 庚醇、己醛、反 2 己烯醛、庚醛、辛醛、壬醛、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异戊酯和乙酸 顺 3 己烯酯的EAG反应较强。此外,雄成虫对3 甲基 1 丁醇、1 戊烯 3 醇、苯甲醛、丁酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、三甲基巴豆酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、丙酸丁酯、异戊酸 顺 3 己烯酯、苯甲腈和柠檬腈的反应较强。在待测的51种挥发性化合物中,苹褐带卷蛾成虫对29种化合物的EAG反应具有明显性别差异,除雌虫对(-)-α-水芹烯和莰烯的EAG反应显著高于雄虫外,雌虫对其他27种挥发性化合物的EAG反应显著低于雄虫。当测试的挥发性化合物剂量在0.02~20 μg时,随剂量的增大成虫的EAG反应变化不明显;当挥发物剂量在20~200 μg时,成虫的EAG反应随剂量的增大显著升高。嗅觉行为选择试验结果表明,雌成虫对己醛、庚醛、辛醛和乙酸 顺 3 己烯酯有明显的趋性,选择率均高于58%;雄成虫对1 己醇、庚醛、乙酸异戊酯和苯甲腈有明显的趋性。【结论】苹褐带卷蛾未交配雄成虫对寄主植物挥发性化合物的EAG反应较未交配雌成虫灵敏,1 己醇、己醛、庚醛、辛醛、乙酸 顺 3 己烯酯、乙酸异戊酯和苯甲腈对苹褐带卷蛾雌蛾或雄蛾具有明显的吸引作用,可以用于开发该害虫的植物源引诱剂。