二氢卟吩e6在艾氏荷瘤小鼠体内的分布

目的研究二氢卟吩e6(Ce6)在移植瘤小鼠体内吸收、分布及代谢的动态变化,以期为声动力疗法处理不同部位肿瘤的时间点提供科学依据。方法艾氏移植瘤小鼠尾静脉注射Ce6后,利用荧光分光光度法和小动物活体成像技术测定Ce6在小鼠不同组织的富集分布变化规律。结果小鼠尾静脉给药后,Ce6迅速分布于全身各组织,在2 h内,各组织药物浓度均达到峰值,其中以肝含量最高。随后各组织中药物浓度均开始下降,以肝中清除速度最快。肿瘤组织中的Ce6含量在注射后不断上升,2 h时达到最高,随后开始下降,2～10 h代谢比较缓慢,24 h时浓度降至最低,但仍高于其他组织。结论 Ce6在艾氏移植瘤中具有肿瘤组织选择性好、潴留时间长并可迅速从体内排出等优点,有着很好的临床应用前景,同时提出了不同组织类型不同部位的肿瘤应根据各自适当的时间点进行处理。     

叶黄素酯对四氧嘧啶所致小鼠氧化损伤的保护性研究

目的研究万寿菊花中提取的叶黄素酯体内对四氧嘧啶所致的小鼠氧化损伤的影响。方法采用分光光度法测定模型组肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷脱甘肽（GSH）、血清中天门冬氨酶氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、肝糖原,脑、心脏、股四头肌SOD、MDA的活性。结果叶黄素酯可抑制由于氧化损伤所致的小鼠肝SOD、MDA、CAT、GSH和血清中AST、AIJT的异常升高;降低脑、心脏、股四头肌SOD、MDA水平;降低血糖,提高肝糖元水平。结论叶黄素可通过影响组织、血清中相关酶活性而对四氧嘧啶所致的小鼠氧化损伤有一定的保护作用。     

原儿茶酸对帕金森模型鼠脑组织抗氧化能力的影响

目的：观察原儿茶酸对鱼藤酮诱导的帕金森模型小鼠脑组织中相关抗氧化酶活性的影响,为原儿茶酸治疗帕金森病提供理论依据。方法：选用昆明小鼠为实验动物,连续5周腹腔注射鱼藤酮（1mg／kg．d）建立帕金森模型,之后2周分别注射原儿荼酸（5mg／kg．d）和阳性药物关多芭（125mg／kg．d）。应用生物化学方法,观察原儿茶酸对帕金森模型小鼠中脑和纹状体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活力以及脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果：实验数据显示原儿茶酸可提高帕金森模型小鼠中脑和纹状体SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活力,降低MDA含量。同时病理切片染色显示原儿茶酸可减轻鱼藤酮诱导的脑组织损伤。结论：原儿茶酸具有神经保护作用,保护机制可能是提高脑组织内源性抗氧化酶活力,减少体内自由基的产生。进而减轻了脑组织的病理损伤。     

骆驼蓬提取物浸种对小麦幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以不同浓度骆驼蓬提取液浸种处理小麦。研究对幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,骆驼蓬提取液浸种后小麦幼苗的根长、株高和干重增加,根冠比增大;幼苗根系活力增强,根系超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性提高,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性先升后降,过氧化物酶（POD）活性下降,过氧化物酶同工酶表达受抑;叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量增加,叶片SOD、POD活性提高,过氧化物酶同工酶表达增强,CAT活性降低。根系和叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量下降。     

阿特拉津和毒死蜱对东北小鲵蝌蚪氧化应激的影响

为了研究阿特拉津和毒死蜱单一及联合暴露对东北小鲵(Hynobius leechii)蝌蚪抗氧化酶活性的影响,实验选择不同浓度、不同时间点阿特拉津和毒死蜱单一及联合暴露对东北小鲵蝌蚪超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)及丙二醛(MDA)的影响。结果表明,随着暴露时间的增加及各处理组浓度的升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性明显降低,丙二醛(MDA)水平明显上升,从而说明阿特拉津和毒死蜱单一及联合暴露会对东北小鲵蝌蚪的抗氧化酶系活性产生影响,进而产生毒理效应。当暴露21 d后,通过恢复实验,发现恢复末期与暴露末期相比,低浓度组和中浓度组上述3种酶活性变化不显著,而高浓度组上述3酶活性均有明显改善。     

青春型双歧杆菌生态制品对小鼠肝癌抑制作用的初步研究

本文观察了青春型双歧杆菌(Bif.a)对小鼠肝癌移植瘤的抑制作用。结果发现,青春型双歧杆菌在瘤细胞移植前或移植后应用均显示了抑制肿瘤生长的作用。将青春型双歧杆菌注入肤腔可激活肤腔巨噬细胞,提高其吞噬功能和非特异性酯酶活性,而加入体外培养的小鼠肝癌细胞未显示有杀伤瘤细胞作用。认为青春型双歧杆菌的抑瘤作用可能是该菌刺激了宿主的免疫活性细胞杀伤了瘤细胞,而非直接杀伤作用。     

油橄榄叶提取物对铅中毒小鼠视网膜组织结构及抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨油橄榄叶提取物(OLE)对铅中毒小鼠视网膜组织结构及抗氧化能力的影响。方法选健康小鼠,每日灌胃醋酸铅溶液的同时灌胃不同剂量的OLE进行治疗,连续用药30d,观察小鼠视网膜结构的变化,检测视网膜铅含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果与模型对照组相比,小鼠灌胃OLE后视网膜总厚度、外核层厚度及其细胞数量、内核层厚度及其细胞数量增加,视网膜铅含量下降,SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性升高,MDA含量降低。结论 OLE对铅中毒小鼠有一定的疗效,能影响视网膜结构及抗氧化能力,阻止铅对视网膜的毒性。     

地鳖多肽提取物的抗氧化衰老机制

目的探讨地鳖多肽（ESW polypeptide）提取物抗氧化衰老机制的研究。方法小鼠连续腹腔注射D-半乳糖20 d,建立衰老模型,同时小鼠灌服不同剂量地鳖多肽提取物每日（0、40、80、160 mg/kg）,观察小鼠的正常活动、运动和耐应激能力。分别采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法、分光光度法检测小鼠血液和不同组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活力,以及丙二醛（MDA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量;免疫荧光法检测细胞核转录因子2（Nrf2）在Caco-2细胞的表达。结果与对照和多肽组比较,衰老组小鼠体重增重缓慢、组织脏器系数降低、运动时间缩短、抗应激能力降低、组织中抗氧化酶活力降低。随着地鳖多肽剂量增加,多肽组小鼠体重增加明显,肝脏、脾脏和肾脏指数增加显著,小鼠静力和动力运动时间明显延长,小鼠耐缺氧、耐高温和运动时间延长并接近对照组,血液和不同组织中的SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活力及GSH含量显著提高,但MDA含量降低。与对照组比较,地鳖多肽组Caco-2细胞核内Nrf2表达量明显增加,接近阳性对照组。结论地鳖多肽可能通过启动Nrf2-ARE抗氧化信号通路,提高D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠抗应激和抗氧化能力,从而延缓小鼠氧化衰老。     

冷锻炼对低温胁迫下夏威夷椰子膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响

在－5℃低温胁迫下,夏威夷椰子（Pritchardia gaudichaudii H.Wendl.)幼苗叶片的丙二醛（MDA）含量逐渐增加,表明膜脂过氧化作用逐渐增强;含水量不断下降;细胞保护酶中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD) 过氧化氢酶（CAT）酶活性均先升高,然后下降。冷锻炼处理可以减缓夏威夷椰子膜脂过氧化作用的增强,促进SOD酶活性的提高,同时抑制POD和CAT酶活性的变化,因而使夏威夷椰子幼苗的抗寒性得以提高,在－5℃低温胁迫下的半致死时间从1.6d延长到2.2d。     

双歧啤酒对延缓衰老作用的研究

目的研究双歧啤酒的延缓衰老作用。方法将老龄小鼠和黑腹果蝇随机分成纯净水对照组、市售啤酒对照组和双歧啤酒低、中、高三个剂量组,进行果蝇生存实验,检测小鼠血液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）的活性和丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果与对照组比较,双歧啤酒高、中剂量组能显著延长果蝇的半数死亡时间、平均寿命和平均最高寿命,提高老龄小鼠血液中SOD、GSH-PX的活性,降低老龄小鼠血液中MDA的含量。结论双歧啤酒具有延缓衰老的作用。     

Chromosome aberrations induced in the lymphocytes of rabbits by ultrasounds of 1MHz alone or followed by treatment with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine

Rabbit lymphocytes were treated in Go with therapeutical ultrasound waves (1 W/cm2; 1 MHz; continuous wave mode) alone or followed by an additional exposure to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Doses in the Fresnel zone ranged from 120 to 960 J/cm2; no refrigeration was provided, and temperature increased from 37 degrees C to 45 degrees C. In the Fraunhofer zone, only an ultrasound dose of 960 J/cm2 was used, and the temperature of the insonated blood sample was maintained at 37 degrees C. For the sequential treatment, BrdU (10 micrograms/ml medium) was added immediately after the ultrasound treatment and was left in contact with the lymphocytes for 48 hours. Ultrasound alone did not induce chromosome aberrations, but ultrasound followed by the BrdU exposure resulted in an increased number of abnormal cells.     

Aromatase inhibition depresses ultrasound production and copulation in male hamsters

Rates of ultrasound production and copulatory behavior were observed in castrated male hamsters maintained on 100 micrograms/day of injected testosterone propionate (TP). Groups matched on their initial levels of behavior received either continued treatment with TP alone, or TP together with 6 mg/day injections of the aromatase inhibitor 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD). Testing at 11-15 days after the start of these treatments revealed deficits in the sexual behaviors of the subjects in the latter group. Specifically, these males showed lower rates of ultrasound production and intromission during, as opposed to before, treatment with ATD. These results support previous work suggesting that aromatization plays significant roles in the mediation of androgenic effects on both the courtship and copulatory behaviors of male hamsters.     

自噬在声动力疗法抑制C6胶质瘤细胞增殖中的作用

目的:探讨自噬在血卟啉单甲醚(Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether,HMME)介导的声动力疗法(Sonodynamic therapy,SDT)抑制C6胶质瘤细胞增殖中的作用。方法:选取对数期生长的C6胶质瘤细胞并随机分为四组:对照组(未予处理)、超声组(单独超声照射)、HMME组(单独加入HMME)、SDT组(超声照射+HMME)。透射电镜观察SDT处理的C6胶质瘤细胞中自噬体数量的改变。应用qRT-PCR和免疫印迹分析SDT处理对C6胶质瘤细胞中的LC3、Beclin1、Bcl-2 m RNA及蛋白表达水平的影响。MTT检测C6胶质瘤细胞的活力变化。结果:透射电子显微镜显示SDT组自噬体数量较对照组明显增多。SDT组C6胶质瘤细胞中微管相关蛋白1轻链3 (Microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3, LC3)、Beclin1 m RNA和蛋白水平高于对照组,B细胞淋巴瘤-2(B cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2) m RNA和蛋白水平低于对照组。与对照组相比,SDT组C6胶质瘤细胞存活率从0 h至6 h逐渐下降,从12 h至72 h逐渐升高。3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-Methyladenine,3-MA)+SDT、氯喹(Chloroquine,CQ)+SDT处理后C6胶质瘤细胞存活率较SDT组明显降低。结论:SDT可能通过诱导自噬抑制C6胶质瘤细胞增殖。     

Assessment of genome damage in occupational exposure to ionising radiation and ultrasound

The mutagenic effects of low doses of radiation on occupationally exposed subjects were studied on lymphocyte culture using two methods: analysis of structural chromosome aberrations and micronucleus assay. The results obtained in subjects exposed to ionising radiation alone were compared to those exposed to both ionising radiation and ultrasound. A correlation between the total number of chromosome aberrations and distribution of micronuclei in the genome of somatic cells show higher deviation in the group exposed to X-ray and ultrasound than in the group exposed to X-rays alone. The degree of genome damage in occupational exposure to X-rays and ultrasound were discussed.     

急性缺血性卒中后阿司匹林联合缓释型双嘧达莫预防脑血管缺血事件的临床观察

目的：比较阿司匹林联合缓释型双嘧达莫和阿司匹林预防急性缺血性卒中后预防脑血管缺血事件的疗效。方法：60例发病48小时内急性缺血性卒患者随机分为联合组（n=30）和阿司匹林组（n=30）,分别采用联合应用阿司匹林和缓释型双嘧达莫（50mg,2次／d;双嘧达莫100mg,2次／d）和单独应用阿司匹林（50mg,2次／d）进行抗血小板治疗。随访6个月,比较2组脑血管缺血事件发生率和NIHSS评分降低值,并记录药物不良反应。结果：治疗组3例失访和1例终止实验,对照组5例失访,进入结果分析的例数为51例。联合组的患者6个月内脑血管缺血事件发生率明显低于单独应用阿司匹林组（11．5％VS．20．O％,P〈0．05）。而且,联合组NIHSS评分比单独应用阿司匹林降低更明显（4．52±1．8 vs．3．62±3.3,P〈0．05）。结论：联合应用阿司匹林和双嘧达莫在急性缺血性卒中后预防脑血管缺血事件的疗效明显优于单独应用阿司匹林。     

Bioeffect of ultrasound on endothelial cells in vitro

The effects of low-intensity ultrasound (US) on biological systems have been investigated extensively; however, the effects of ultrasound stimulation on endothelial cells were rarely studied. In this study, 1 MHz, pulsed 1:4, and four different spatial-average temporal-peak intensities (0.5, 1.0, 1.6, and 2W/cm2) of ultrasound were used to stimulate endothelial cells for 10 min per day. The results showed that ultrasound (intensity 1.6-2.0W/cm2) treatment after 6 days enhanced the nitric oxide (NO) and Ca2+ release from the endothelial cells but did not promote cell growth. In addition, ultrasound stimulation changed the cellular morphology and orientation, and increased extracellular matrix secretion from endothelial cells.     

声化学诱导艾氏腹水瘤细胞凋亡机制初探

本研究采用频率1.43MHz,声强3W/cm2的高频聚焦超声处理艾氏腹水肿瘤细胞,研究超声激活血卟啉诱导艾氏腹水肿瘤细胞凋亡的途径及其与癌细胞内的氧自由基之间的关系。通过细胞免疫组织化学方法检测与癌细胞凋亡相关的Bax,细胞色素c和caspase-3蛋白的动态表达,黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测超氧化物歧化酶活性变化,硫代巴比妥酸法检测膜脂质过氧化物的含量。结果发现超声加血卟啉处理1h,癌细胞胞浆中的三种促凋亡蛋白表达增多,3h时表现为高表达;处理1h的癌细胞,超氧化物歧化酶活性下降,膜脂质过氧化物增多。研究结果表明超声激活血卟啉诱导艾氏腹水肿瘤细胞凋亡可能通过线粒体途径,且与癌细胞受损后产生的氧自由基有关。     

Effects of alpha-MSH on kainic acid induced changes in core temperature in rats

The effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of kainic acid (KA) and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) alone or in combination, on core temperature of freely moving rats were examined. KA or saline was administered once (10 mg/kg) and alpha-MSH or saline was given repeatedly i.e. 10 min before and 10, 30 and 60 min after the administration of saline or KA. Two doses of alpha-MSH were used: 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg. KA alone produced a biphasic effect on core temperature, i.e. an initial short-lasting hypothermia followed by hyperthermia that lasted about 6 h. The higher dose of alpha-MSH had a potentiating effect on KA-induced hypothermia, while the lower dose of alpha-MSH increased the hyperthermia produced by KA. alpha-MSH administered alone produced a late (3 h), dose-dependent increase in core temperature. It is conceivable that repeated administration of alpha-MSH in the doses used in our study may cause a cumulative effect in raising body temperature for a limited period of time.The previously described interactions between KA and alpha-MSH, respectively, with dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems may account for the effects on core temperature in rats observed in our study.     

Effect of ultrasound on the production of IL-8, basic FGF and VEGF.

Therapeutic angiogenesis is the controlled induction or stimulation of new blood vessel formation to reduce unfavourable tissue effects caused by local hypoxia and to enhance tissue repair. The effects of ultrasound on wound healing, chronic ulcers, fracture healing and osteoradionecrosis may be explained by the enhancement of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify which cytokines and angiogenesis factors are induced by ultrasound in vitro.Two ultrasound machines were evaluated, a "traditional" (1 MHz, pulsed 1:4, tested at four intensities), and a "long wave" machine (45 kHz, continuous, also tested at four intensities). The ultrasound was applied to human mandibular osteoblasts, gingival fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (monocytes). The following cytokines and angiogenesis factors were assayed by ELISA techniques: interleukin-1beta(IL-1beta), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-8, fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).A slight stimulation of IL-1beta was noted in all cell types. There was no difference in the IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels. The angiogenesis-related cytokines, IL-8 and bFGF, were significantly stimulated in osteoblasts, and VEGF was significantly stimulated in all cell types. Both ultrasound machines produced similar results, and the optimum intensities were 0.1 and 0. 4 W/cm2 (SATA) with 1 MHz ultrasound, and 15 and 30 mW/cm2 (SATA) with 45 kHz ultrasound.The results show that therapeutic ultrasound stimulates the production of angiogenic factors such as IL-8, bFGF and VEGF. This may be one of the mechanisms through which therapeutic ultrasound induces angiogenesis and healing.     

Biological effects of ultrasound

When ultrasound is absorbed by tissue, heat is produced which may be destructive or, if controlled, can be therapeutic. In addition, ultrasound produces biological effects which cannot be explained on the basis of heating alone. Under certain exposure conditions production of ultrasonic lesions in brain tissue can be explained on a purely thermal basis. Examples of nonthermal effects of ultrasound include changes in growth, mitotic index and the production of chromosomal aberrations in plant roots.