樟树新害虫——窃达刺蛾的研究

窃达刺蛾是樟树新害虫,在福建一年发生3代,以幼虫在叶背越冬。翌年3月上旬化蛹,4月上旬成虫出现并产卵,4月中旬幼虫孵出,5月中旬陆续化蛹．6月上旬成虫羽化,6月中旬第二代幼虫开始出现,8月下旬第三代幼虫出现。在幼虫三龄前,喷洒5％辛硫磷,40％氯化乐果乳剂或80%敌敌畏乳剂1000倍液,均可收到良好效果。     

柿绒粉蚧的发生规律及防治

柿绒粉蚧(柿绵蚧)Eriococcus kaki Kuwana在广西灌阳县1年发生6代,以若虫和成虫在树干裂皮缝、缝隙,1、2年生枝条轮痕、芽基、芽鳞片及干柿蒂上越冬,次年柿树萌芽期开始活动。第1代～第6代低龄若虫高峰期分别为3月下旬～4月上旬初、5月下旬末～6月上旬初、6月下旬末～7月上旬初、8月上旬～中旬初、9月上旬初～中旬初及10月中旬初～11月上旬初。卵期7～18d,若虫期22～136d,成虫期6～140d。柿芽萌动前用99.1%机油乳剂180倍液(敌死虫)或20%松脂酸钠(融杀蚧螨)150倍液清园喷杀,防治效果分别达88%、79.8%。第1代低龄若虫高峰期用40%毒死蜱乳油1000倍液加25%噻嗪酮(扑虱灵)可湿性粉剂1500倍液喷雾,防治效果99.6%,80%敌敌畏乳油800倍液加10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂2000倍液防治效果达99.1%,3%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂(3%金世纪)2500倍液防治效果99.5%。     

宽索鳃金龟的研究

宽索鳃金龟是为言猕猴挑的重要食叶害虫．该虫在福建建宁县一年发生一代,以成虫在土中越冬,翌年4月上旬开始出土为害,4月下旬至5月下旬为害盛期,成虫可整夜取食猕猴桃叶片和花器,成虫出土及人土的时间较为整齐．5月上旬雌虫开始在土中产卵,5月下旬开始孵化．幼虫3龄,在土中1-20cm处活动,以8-10cm处占绝大多数,幼虫取食土壤中腐植质和根皮,截根．9月上旬开始化蛹,10月中旬成虫开始羽化。但当年不出土,逗留在土中。并越冬．采用50％辛硫磷1000—2000倍液防治幼虫：80％敌敌畏乳油1000倍．帅％乐果800-1000倍、25％溴氰菊酯5000倍等药液毒杀成虫均有良好效果,亦可人工捕杀和灯光诱杀成虫．     

黄檀丑舟蛾生物学特性及防治的研究

黄檀丑舟蛾是南岭黄檀的重要食叶害虫,该虫在福建南平一年发生6代,以蛹在疏松土壤中越冬,翌年5月初成虫开始羽化。雌虫产卵于嫩叶上,成块。每雌产卵82-306粒。幼虫5龄,各代幼虫的危害盛期;第一代5月下旬至6旬上旬。第二代6月下旬,第三代7月下旬,第四代8月中旬,第五代9月下旬,第六代11月上旬至中旬。试验表明,20%杀灭菊酯4000倍液或80%敌敌畏2000倍液对幼虫均有良好的毒杀效果。     

金绿宽盾蝽的生物学特性

金绿宽盾蝽Poecilocoris lewisi Distant在北京1年1代,以5龄若虫在侧柏(Platycladus orientalis Franco)附近的落叶和石块下越冬,翌年4月上中旬陆续从越冬处爬出,取食侧柏嫩叶。5月中旬5龄若虫开始羽化,6月初为羽化高峰期,6月中下旬羽化期结束,5月到8月为成虫期,7月底到8月中旬交配产卵,8、9月份若虫由1龄发育至5龄,9月中下旬为5龄若虫高峰期,11月5龄若虫开始转移越冬。     

白翅叶蝉的生物学特性和防治适期

白翅叶蝉(Thaia subrufa Motschulsky)在浙江省东阳县,一年大部发生二代。第一、二代成虫分别于6月下旬至7月上、中旬和8月下旬至9月中旬盛发于早稻和双季晚稻,第二代成虫大部分越冬,少数早发的才能发生第三代。第一、二和三代卵历期分别为17—19、11—12和15一19天,若虫历期分别为19、16和24天。成虫4℃开始活动,10℃开始取食,15℃开始羽化和产卵。卵开始发育温度在20℃左右。成虫无孤雌生殖现象,产卵前期在第一、二代分别为23和17天,越冬成虫则长达6—8月之久。每雌产卵量以越冬代最高,以后各代急剧下降。越冬后成虫在4月下旬几乎全部集中于早、中稻秧田,产卵盛期在5月即早稻本田分蘗期。繁殖寄主仅限于水稻。 因白翅叶蝉具有这些生物学特性,所以防治适期为早季秧田。1964—1965年在东阳县早季秧田大面积防治结果,可减低早、中稻本田虫口90%以上,且能压低双季晚稻田的虫口密度。     

糖槭蚧的初步研究

糖槭蚧Parthcnolecanium corni (Bouche)近年来在新疆为害葡萄、苹果、桃、杏、核桃、酸梅、巴旦、械、白蜡、杨、柳等多种植物,并猖獗漫延。 此蚧虫一年发生1-2代,通常以2—3龄若虫在嫩枝或树皮裂缝处越冬。翌年4月下旬或5月上旬为雄虫羽化期,5月中旬雌成虫产卵,卵于5月底或6月初孵化,孵化盛期为6月中旬,6月下旬孵化     

卫矛矢尖盾蚧及其防治

卫矛矢尖盾蚧在沈阳地区主要为害卫矛,一年2代,少数3代,以受精雌成虫在枝干上越冬。化学防冶的最适时机是越冬代初孵若虫期(5月中旬～7月上旬),可喷洒菊乐台剂2000～2500倍液,或40％氧化乐果乳油1500倍液,每隔10～12天喷洒1次,连续2～3次。     

杜松皑粉蚧的生物学特性及其防治

杜松皑粉蚧是杜松的重要害虫。该虫在内蒙古包头1年发生2代,以2龄若虫越冬。5月中下旬和7月中下旬是若虫危害的两个高峰期。在越冬代若虫活动盛期（5月中旬）喷洒2．5％溴氰菊酯＋40％氧乐果（1：3）1500～2000倍混合稀释液或40％氧乐果＋80％敌敌畏乳油1000倍混合稀释液2～3次,杀虫效果可达95％。     

柿长绵粉蚧的生物学特性及药剂防效

柿长绵粉蚧Phenacoccus pergandei Cockrell是近年来严重危害柿树的重要害虫。该虫在河南省郑州地区1年发生1代,以3龄若虫在枝条上和树皮缝中越冬。每年3月上旬越冬若虫开始为害,4月中旬雌成虫继续为害。4月下旬开始产卵,卵期约20d。5月上旬卵开始孵化,5月中旬为卵孵化盛期。幼虫有3个龄期,以3龄若虫于10月下旬开始越冬。7种药剂对柿长绵粉蚧的田间药效试验结果表明,40%杀扑磷乳油1000倍液、3%高渗苯氧威乳油1000倍液、25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂2000倍液对柿长绵粉蚧具有良好的防效,药后7d和药后15d的防效均达90%以上。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).