猪瘟病毒E2蛋白A/D抗原区基因在酵母中的分泌表达与鉴定

基于猪瘟病毒主要保护性抗原E2囊膜糖蛋白有两个相对独立的抗原结构单位-B/C抗原区和A/D抗原区,设计一对特异性的引物扩增猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的A/D抗原区基因,并将PCR产物克隆入含有强启动子PAox1和α-MF信号肽序列的巴斯德毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαC中,构建成重组质粒pPICZα-AD,酶切线性化后电穿孔导入巴斯德毕赤酵母X33菌中,经ZeocinTM筛选得到5株高拷贝转化子,甲醇诱导表达.SDS-PAGE和Westernblot试验表明酵母培养上清液中含有具有良好反应原性的E2蛋白,蛋白表达量达175.8μg/mL.N-糖基化分析显示该表达蛋白在分泌过程中发生糖基化.该研究为研制防治猪瘟的亚单位疫苗与诊断试剂盒奠定基础.     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白B/C抗原区基因在毕赤酵母中的表达与鉴定

基于猪瘟病毒主要保护性抗原---E2囊膜糖蛋白有两个相对独立的抗原结构单位---B/C抗原区和A/D抗原区 ,设计引物扩增编码猪瘟病毒E2蛋白B/C抗原区的基因 ,将大小为261bp的PCR产物插入含有强启动子P_AOX1和α-MF信号肽序列的巴斯德毕赤酵母 (Pichiapastoris)表达载体pPICZαC中 ,构建成重组质粒pPICZα-BC ,酶切线性化后电穿孔导入巴斯德毕赤酵母菌X₃₃ 中 ,经Zeocin^TM 筛选得到 3株高拷贝转化子 ,甲醇诱导表达 ,SDS-PAGE和Westernblot及ELISA试验表明 ,酵母培养上清液中含有具有良好反应原性的E2蛋白。为研究亚单位疫苗或诊断抗原打下坚实基础。     

猪生产激素基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达及产物的N—糖基化分析

利用含有强启动子PAOX1和α-MF信号肽序列的巴斯德毕赤酵母载体质粒pPICZαA构建出含PST基因的重复组质粒pPICZαA－pST。通过电击将经SacI酶后线化的pPICZαA－pST质粒转化到巴斯德毕赤酵母X－33菌中,并筛选Mut^ 表型的重型的生组菌。表达产物的SDS－PAGE和Western blot结果表明,分泌于胞外的PST蛋白分子量比天然PST分子量稍大,而胞内的PST蛋白分子量与天然PST大小相同,将经SacI酶切后线性化的pPICZαA－pST再次转化重组酵母细胞X－33／pPICZαA－pST(Mut^ ）,所得表达产物的SDS－PAGE和Western blot结果显示,PST基因的表达水平明显提高,且表达产生的蛋白均可发生正确的抗原－抗体结合反应,表达量达956mg/L。将发酵液上清进行N－糖基化分析,显示rPST无N－糖基化加工修饰。     

猪生长激素基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达及产物的N-糖基化分析

利用含有强启动子P_AOX1 和α-MF信号肽序列的巴斯德毕赤酵母载体质粒pPICZαA构建出含PST基因的重组质粒pPICZαA pST。通过电击将经SacⅠ酶切后线性化的pPICZαA pST质粒转化到巴斯德毕赤酵母X 33菌中 ,并筛选Mut+ 表型的重组菌。表达产物的SDS PAGE和Westernblot结果表明 ,分泌于胞外的PST蛋白分子量比天然PST分子量稍大 ,而胞内的PST蛋白分子量与天然PST大小相同。将经SacⅠ酶切后线性化的pPICZαA pST再次转化重组酵母细胞X 33 pPICZαA pST(Mut⁺) ,所得表达产物的SDS PAGE和Westernblot结果显示 ,PST基因的表达水平明显提高 ,且表达产生的蛋白均可发生正确的抗原 抗体结合反应 ,表达量达 95 6mg L。将发酵液上清进行N 糖基化分析 ,显示rPST无N 糖基化加工修饰     

乙型肝炎病毒X基因真核表达载体的构建及其在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

目的：在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）X蛋白,为探讨HBVX蛋白与慢性乙型肝炎及肝细胞癌发生的关系奠定基础。方法：用PCR方法扩增X基因序列,并分别在上下游引入XhoⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切位点,插入pPICZαA载体,转化大肠杆菌TOP10,筛选阳性克隆,对其进行PCR和双酶切及测序鉴定,构建HBVX蛋白毕赤酵母表达质粒pPICZαA-HBx;电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,对阳性克隆进行诱导表达后经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定目的蛋白。结果：双酶切pPICZαA-HBx后,琼脂糖电泳可分别见到大小约为3.1kb和465bp的片段,表明目的片段已插入载体中,序列测定表明其含有完整的X基因片段,Western blotting结果显示含有pPICZαA-HBx的毕赤酵母GS115能分泌表达X蛋白。结论：构建了毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA-HBx,并能在毕赤酵母GS115中分泌表达X蛋白。     

猪IFNα基因在毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达

巴斯德毕赤酵母载体质粒pPICZαA含有强启动子PAOX1和α-MF信号肽序列,构建猪IFNα基因的重组质粒pPICZαA-IFNα,并转入E.coli JM109中,得到转猪IFNα基因工程菌,经酶切鉴定克隆到载体pPICZαA上的外源基因即为猪IFNα基因。通过电击将经SacⅠ酶切后线性化的pPICZαA-IFNα质粒转化到巴斯德毕赤酵母KM71中。SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定表达产物的结果表明,分泌于胞外的猪IFNα蛋白分子量比猪IFNα理论值分子量稍大,估计是糖基化的原因。表达的蛋白可发生正确的抗原-抗体反应,表达量为 0.45 mg/mL。将蛋白表达上清经细胞毒性实验检测表达产物的抗病毒活性为2.1×104 IU/mL。Abstract: The porcine alpha interferon gene was inserted into the Pichia pastoris expression vector of pPICZαA which contains AOXⅠpromoter and α-factor signal sequence.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into host cell E.coli JM109 and then was extracted for analysis of restriction enzymes.It was confirmed that heterogeneous gene spliced into vector pPICZαA was IFNα gene. The recombinant plasmid of pPICZαA-IFNα was linearnized by SacⅠand transformed into KM71 by electroporation. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that IFNα product was observed in the supernants with a little larger molecular weight size than the natural IFNα.The rIFN gene has the same antigenicity as natural one.The expressed rIFN accumulated up to about 0.45mg/mL.The cytokine activity of the supernants was vertified by WISH/VSV system,which is about 2.1×104IU/mL.     

犬细小病毒VP2基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的表达犬细小病毒VP2蛋白（CPVVP2）,用于犬细小病毒病的诊断、疫苗研制和VP2蛋白功能研究。方法采用PCR方法对CPVVP2基因进行扩增,将CPVVP2基因克隆到毕赤酵母（Pichiapastoris）分泌表达载体pPICZαA中,构建真核重组表达载体pPICZαA—VP2,将该重组质粒线性化后,转化毕赤酵母菌GS115中,在甲醇诱导下表达CPVVP2,SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定表达蛋白。结果成功扩增了CPVVP2基因,构建了真核重组表达载体pPICZαA-VP2在毕赤酵母菌中表达出约64．35kD蛋白。Western blotting鉴定表明,表达VP2蛋白与犬细小病毒阳性血清有反应性。结论在毕赤酵母中成功地表达了CPVVP2蛋白,能被犬细小病毒阳性血清识别。     

伪狂犬病病毒闽A株gE基因去信号肽片段在Pichia pastoris中的表达

伪狂犬病病毒囊膜糖蛋白E是一种在伪狂犬病根除计划中具有重要作用的糖蛋白.将伪狂犬病病毒闽A株gE基因去信号肽片段克隆到巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达载体pPICZαA中,获得的重组表达载体pPICZαA-FL电击转化野生型酵母菌SMD1168后,得到多株酵母工程菌SMD1168/pPICZαA-FL.经高浓度ZeocinTM筛选、表型鉴定、工程菌的诱导表达及表达产物的鉴定,最后得到高效表达gE基因去信号肽片段的酵母工程菌SMD1168/pPICZαA-FL-7.工程菌72 h培养上清的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳与蛋白质印迹结果显示,gE基因去信号肽片段表达产物大小约为80 ku,比预期的63.8 ku大.凝胶薄层扫描结合Bradford蛋白质总含量测定结果表明,表达产物占工程菌培养上清总蛋白的13.49%,表达量可达11.7 mg/L.间接ELISA结果表明重组表达产物具有良好的抗原性,能够有效地区分伪狂犬病病毒gE标准阳性与阴性血清.     

玫瑰微球菌中treZ基因在毕赤酵母中的表达研究

首次将玫瑰微球菌中麦芽寡糖基海藻糖水解酶(MTHase)treZ基因序列连接到表达载体pPICZαA中,通过电转化法将构建好的表达载体分别转入巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115和KM71菌株中.利用含有Zeocin的YPD平板筛选到阳性转化子,并经PCR、SDS-PAGE电泳以及Western blot最终验证海藻糖水解酶基因treZ已经整合到巴斯德毕赤酵母的基因组上,并且得到了预期的表达.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因B和C抗原位点片段在毕赤酵母中的表达

采用基因重组的方法构建了含有猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S基因B和C抗原位点片段的巴斯德毕赤酵母Pichiapastoris分泌型表达载体pPIC9K-ts,经线性化后采用电穿孔法将其导入毕赤酵母GS115中,大量筛选后获得高效表达外源蛋白的毕赤酵母工程菌株GS115/pPIC9K-ts。表达蛋白经Dot-ELISA检测具有良好的抗原性。本研究为TGE的血清学检测方法的建立提供了必要的物质基础。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan