含氟有机废水处理过程活性污泥微生物群落研究进展

随着有机氟化物在各领域的广泛应用,含氟有机废水处理面临巨大挑战。活性污泥作为有机废水处理的核心技术之一,微生物在其中发挥着极其重要的作用。本综述首先聚焦在活性污泥微生物群落多样性、组成、结构和功能及其与含氟废水类型、处理工艺和处理效率之间的关系,进而讨论了功能微生物降解/转化有机氟化物的途径和作用机制,最后展望了结合分离培养降解有机氟化物的关键微生物,以及微生物组学技术解析活性污泥微生物群落构建、互作、代谢等核心问题,以提高对含氟有机废水微生物降解机理的认识,优化含氟有机废水处理工艺。     

生物废水处理系统的细胞自动机模型

建立了活性污泥处理生物废水的细胞自动机模型,对活性污泥生物量与有机物浓度动态进行了研究,提出了计算活性污泥回流循环比的方法.结果表明,在Moore邻居模型下废水达标排放所需时间较Von. Neumann邻居模型少,不同生长阶段的微生物浓度波动具有时滞性.稳定期有机物浓度和生物量不受活性污泥初始浓度的影响.活性污泥处理生物废水的细胞自动机模型有助于为污水处理提供理论依据.     

酵母菌在废水处理中的应用现状和进展

酵母菌作为一种极为宝贵的微生物资源,由于它具有良好的耐酸、耐渗透压等特点,因此它广泛被应用于高浓度有机废水的处理,包括有毒、含难降解污染物废水的处理,其处理能力优于驯化后的活性污泥系统,同时具有吸附重金属的作用;酵母菌能将大部分有机物转化成无毒且营养丰富的细胞蛋白供人类利用。随着酵母菌研究的深入和其他相关水处理技术的开发,酵母菌在废水处理中将得到更多、更好、更深的应用,实现环境、社会和经济等可持续发展。     

膜生物反应器的研究进展

膜生物反应器是近年来发展的废水处理新技术,具有活性污泥浓度高、污泥龄长、占地面积小、投资省的特点。利用膜生物反应器进行污水处理不仅可以大大节约水资源,还可以大大节约能源,节省设备和运行费用,已成为二十一世纪研究热点。膜生物反应器是通过高效膜分离技术与活性污泥相结合,增大污泥中的特效菌来加快生化反应速率,提高废水处理效果。目前处理对象已从生活污水扩展到高浓度的有机废水和难降解的工业废水。本文综述了膜生物反应器在废水中的应用研究情况,并分析比较了各种膜材质的特点、适用范围以及膜的污染因素和清洗方法,展望了膜生物反应器的应用前景及进一步研究方向。     

一株耐盐菌Halomonas sp. A20的分离及降解糖精钠废水的特性

【背景】糖精钠废水是一种难处理的高盐有机工业废水。【目的】为了提高糖精钠废水的生物降解效果,需要研究糖精钠废水降解菌的特性。【方法】采用纯培养技术从处理糖精钠废水的多级生物接触氧化系统内的活性污泥中分离筛选糖精钠废水降解菌,对分离菌株的形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列进行分析,利用单因素实验和响应面法考察分离菌株降解糖精钠废水的最佳条件。【结果】筛选获得一株糖精钠废水降解菌A20,归属于盐单胞菌属(Halomonas),当糖精钠废水的盐分为5%,菌接种量为15%,pH值为8.0,温度为30°C时,菌株A20对糖精钠废水中的化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,CODcr)去除率在60%以上;通过响应面法优化,菌株A20降解糖精钠废水的最佳条件为：pH 8.0,温度为30.3°C,接种量为14.1%,其CODcr去除率为65.4%。【结论】分离到一株能高效降解糖精钠废水中有机物的耐盐菌Halomonas sp. A20,可为高盐、高浓度糖精钠废水的处理提供优良的微生物菌种资源。     

嗜热菌对有机污染物的降解及其应用研究进展

有机污染物造成的环境问题日趋严重,嗜热菌具有高效降解环境有机污染物的潜力.嗜热菌在高温条件下降解有机污染物,代谢速度快,嗜温杂菌的竞争减少,同时高温环境下一些难降解有机物的溶解度和生物可利用性大大提高,有机污染物可得到快速、彻底降解.因此,嗜热菌对有机废水生物处理及有机物污染场地生物修复等意义重大.本文从嗜热菌降解有机污染物的特点、温度的影响、降解途径、降解酶及其编码基因及工程应用等角度,介绍了嗜热菌降解有机污染物的研究进展,并对嗜热菌降解有机污染物的机理、菌种资源储备、技术策略及应用研发等研究方向进行了展望.     

含酚废水处理高效菌株的筛选

酚类化合物属于持久性有机污染物,含酚废水在我国水污染控制中被列为需要重点解决的有害废水之一。本文通过对本钢焦化厂含酚分废水处理工艺中曝气池内活性污泥所含未知菌株进行分离纯化,并经过对酚的耐受性实验和降解率实验,得到处理酚的高效菌株。通过对筛选出的菌株进行细胞个体形态和菌群形态特征观察及一系列生理生化实验,确定筛选出来的7株能高效降解盼的菌株为假单胞菌。本文的实验结果将有利于今后对含酚废水的处理。     

活性污泥厌气消化的研究

工业废水不经处理任意排放,会严重污染环境,给人类带来危害。目前已广泛采用生化法处理各类废水,在处理过程中将产生大量的活性污泥。活性污泥主要是由尚未被微生物分解的残余有机物、有毒物、无机盐类、重金属离子和大量微生物     

微生物技术在医疗废水处理中的应用

医院污水含有多种病菌、病毒及寄生虫,其直接危害和潜在危害都是显而易见的,因此,进行医疗废水治理,已成为当务之急。微生物处理主要是通过采用活性污泥法、生物接触氧化法、膜生物反应器、曝气生物滤池法等对污水进行处理,从而有效去除水中的有机物,破坏病原微生物赖以生存的物质基础和保障消毒效果。不同的处理工艺各有优缺,适合于不同规模的医院。     

微藻降解废水污染物的研究进展

微藻在废水处理方面有着很好的开发潜能和极大的优势,在去除氮、磷、富集重金属和降解有毒有机物质的同时,还能作为食品添加原料和养殖饲料等。重点针对微藻的特点及类型、水处理体系的优缺点、废水中的应用及氮磷的去除、重金属离子的富集和难降解有机物的降解机理进行了介绍,并阐述了微藻处理废水中存在的问题及展望了该领域今后的研究方向。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.