福建厦门地区棕榈科植物资源及其园林应用

调查了厦门地区棕榈科植物资源状况及其绿化应用,并结合多年来对厦门市园林植物园棕榈植物保育中心内棕榈科植物的物候期观察,选出适合厦门地区推广应用的棕榈科植物104种,同时对厦门地区棕榈科植物应用的种类、数量、分布以及应用频度等进行统计分析。     

棕榈科植物的开发利用及保护

棕榈科植物全世界有198属,约2600种,主要分布于热带和亚热带地区.是热带生态系统中的特殊组成部分.现已广泛应用于园林绿化.笔者根据近年来国内外对棕榈科植物的开发、利用分析,提出在开发的同时应加强对棕榈科植物的保护.     

多尺度植物色彩表征及其与人体响应的关系

色彩是人们对植物外观的第一印象,与植物视觉特征和人体响应关系密切,因此,对森林美景度提升和公众适宜性契合具有重要作用。结合色彩学形成的历史关键节点和1个世纪以来植物色彩的研究动态,将植物色彩研究的发展历程划分为萌芽、形成、发展和繁荣等4个阶段,并简介了各阶段的主要特点。同时,从植物器官、植物个体、植物群体(涵盖种群和群落)、整体景观等4个视觉尺度以及审美、生理与心理等3个影响层面,阐述与评价了植物色彩传达机制与人体响应关系的相关研究。在此基础上,围绕植物色彩特征提取中存在的色彩要素定量、特征因子选取、色彩量化方法等方面的不足之处,对未来研究方向进行展望,提出植物色彩尺度与公众响应关系剖析、较大尺度色彩评价因子的深入挖掘、色彩量化方法的多学科融入、公众对植物色彩响应关系综合比对、森林景观美景度提升实践等5个方向的发展趋势,以期为全面地了解植物色彩的传达机制与影响、科学地开展不同精度和尺度下的植物色彩研究提供参考。     

城市森林景观美景度的测定

运用心理物理学派美景度测定与统计方法之一———美景度评估法(scenic beauty estimation),对城市森林典型代表类型———城市公园的植物景观进行了公众审美偏好程度的调查,同时对不同评判人群评价结果的分布、相关性进行了系统的分析、比较。用作评判媒介的39张照片拍摄于沈阳市3个拥有丰富植物种类和配置方式的主要城市公园。136人完成了有效的当面结构化问卷调查,其中学生组72人,公众组64人。调查结果表明,(1)城市森林景观的美景度可以通过基于照片媒介的心理物理学研究方法而获得;(2)学生组和公众组的最终评判结果均呈正态分布,两组人群对于城市森林景观美学评价具有普遍的一致性;(3)从学生组和公众组评价最好的样本A28、A29和评价最差的样本A34、A16来看,其间存在着明显的差异,如植物本身的形态特征,遮荫效果,空间感等。本研究可为城市森林规划设计、管理以及进一步研究提供依据。     

厦门城市园林绿化主要棕榈科植物病虫害调查研究

本文对厦门城市绿化主要栽培的棕榈科植物病虫害种类进行系统调查,共计44种病害,17种虫害,为厦门园林棕榈科植物病虫害的防治和深入研究提供了重要依据.     

常见棕榈科植物在园林绿化中的应用

棕榈科植物形状优美,在园林绿化中应用广泛,可以作为道路、公园的风景树,也可用于庭院、厂区的绿化,又能盆栽观赏。本文对进一步开展棕榈科植物应用途径的研究作了探讨。     

天南星科、龙舌兰科、棕榈科观叶植物在闽中地区的引种适应性

对天南星科、龙舌兰科、棕榈科观叶植物的基本生态习性研究表明,三科观叶植物的适合生长温度多在18~28℃之间,当温度低于10℃或者高于35℃时,大多数植物出现寒害或热害,生长停滞。天南星科和龙舌兰科植物长势较好的遮光度分别为75%和50%左右;而棕榈科植物多数可在全光条件下正常生长。不同科植物之间对土壤水分的需求差异较大,天南星科植物要求最高(大于80%),其次是龙舌兰科,为70%,棕榈科植物要求较低,为55%;空气湿度85%~90%最有利于这几类观叶植物生长。     

常见棕榈科植物在园林绿化中的应用

棕榈科植物形状优美,在园林绿化中应用广泛,可以作为道路、公园的风景树,也可用于庭院、厂区的绿化,又能盆栽观赏。本文对进一步开展棕榈科植物应用途径的研究作了探讨。     

基于AHP法对广州市公园滨水植物景观评价

以广州市16个公园滨水植物景观实例作为研究对象,通过实地调查记录广州公园滨水植物材料的种类、景观特征、生态特征、种植方式、滨水植物景观空间特点,并应用层次分析法(AHP)对广州市主要公园滨水植物景观进行评价分析。结果表明,评判者打分导致评分偏高或偏低的主观影响较小,专家、专业学生和非专业学生三类人群对滨水植物景观的评分结果较为一致,有着相同趋势的审美取向。在景观类型上,与建筑小品结合式水景和可亲水式水景获好评比例相对较高。     

中国的棕榈科植物

一.棕榈科植物的形态概述棕榈科(Palmae)是一种既富具风趣且有重要经济价值的、属单子叶植物的乔木或灌木,其生长姿态的优美实为种子植物门中各木本植物之冠。茎:粗壮或柔弱,通常具木质、直立、无分枝的圆桂形树干;有时为攀缘状,有时则极     

Cultural ecosystem services of mountain regions: Modelling the aesthetic value

Mountain regions meet an increasing demand for pleasant landscapes, offering many cultural ecosystem services to both their residents and tourists. As a result of global change, land managers and policy makers are faced with changes to this landscape and need efficient evaluation techniques to assess cultural ecosystem services. This study provides a spatially explicit modelling approach to estimating aesthetic landscape values by relating spatial landscape patterns to human perceptions via a photo-based survey. The respondents attributed higher aesthetic values to the Alpine landscape in respect to areas with settlements, infrastructure or intensive agricultural use. The aesthetic value of two study areas in the Central Alps (Stubai Valley, Austria and Vinschgau, Italy) was modelled for 10,215 viewpoints along hiking trails according to current land cover and a scenario considering the spontaneous reforestation of abandoned land. Viewpoints with high aesthetic values were mainly located at high altitude, allowing long vistas, and included views of lakes or glaciers, and the lowest values were for viewpoints close to streets and in narrow valleys with little view. The aesthetic values of the reforestation scenario decreased mainly at higher altitudes, but the whole area was affected, reducing aesthetic value by almost 10% in Stubai Valley and 15% in Vinschgau. Our proposed modelling approach allows the estimation of aesthetic values in spatial and qualitative terms for most viewpoints in the European Alps. The resulting maps can be used as information and the basis for discussion by stakeholders, to support the decision-making process and landscape planning. This paper also discusses the role of mountain farming in preserving an attractive landscape and related cultural values.     

White-faced monkey (Cebus capucinus) ecology and management in neotropical agricultural landscapes during the dry season

Habitat use by a C. capucinus troop was studied in an agricultural landscape during late dry season (March-April 1994) in northwest Costa Rica. Riparian forests, palm canals and living fence rows accounted for 82% of observations, significantly more than the other six habitats present. The study troop consumed 24 species of plants and five animals. Feeding concentrated on the introduced African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) (33.6%) and mango (Mangifera indica) (27.2%), found mostly in palm canals and mango orchards respectively. The troop rested between 0930-1330 hr and fed and moved between 0530-0930 hr and 1330-1730 hr. Living fence rows were used as travel routes or corridors and less intensively for other activities.     

基于视觉特性的川西亚高山秋季景观林色彩量化及景观美学质量评价

景观美学质量评价是森林资源管理体系中的重要环节,色彩是秋季景观林的重要组成部分,色彩的定量分析及科学地进行景观美学质量评价对秋季景观林的经营管理具有重要意义。本研究通过美景度评判法评估川西亚高山秋季景观林整体的美学质量,根据人眼视觉特性从色彩组成和色彩空间格局两方面定量分析色彩特征对秋季景观林观赏价值的影响。结果表明: 根据美景度值将川西亚高山秋季景观林景观美学质量从高到低划分为5个等级(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ),71.5%的景观属于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ等级,说明川西亚高山秋季景观林具有较高的观赏价值;按美景度值大小排序,阔叶混交林的景观美学质量大于针阔混交林和纯林;在色彩要素综合指标评价体系中,按指标权重大小排序,色彩斑块异质性因子>秋季主色调因子>色彩饱和度与明度因子>色彩多样性与均匀度因子;通过聚类分析将川西亚高山秋季景观分为3类,其中,观赏价值较高的秋季景观林具有斑块破碎化和异质性程度大、秋季彩色占比大、绿色占比小、高明度和高饱和度、高色彩多样性指数和高均匀度指数的色彩特征;群落中植物或彩叶植物越丰富,多样性和均匀度指数越高,美景度值越大。在秋季景观林的打造中,应注重色彩的多样性和破碎化处理,通过种植和培育叶色多样且色泽鲜亮的树种来提高秋季景观林的美学质量。     

我国的野生棕榈科园林观赏植物资源

我国原产棕榈科植物约有 18属 10 0种 ,可用于园林绿化及观赏的有 12属 4 4种 ,可作行道树、园景树、庭园树、室内观赏树和海滨、沙滩绿化树。虽然资源不太丰富、分布范围较为狭窄 ,但观赏价值较高 ,许多为国家重点保护植物。本文还重点介绍了部分种类 ,并对开发利用提出了建议     

Combining Aesthetic with Ecological Values for Landscape Sustainability

Humans receive multiple benefits from various landscapes that foster ecological services and aesthetic attractiveness. In this study, a hybrid framework was proposed to evaluate ecological and aesthetic values of five landscape types in Houguanhu Region of central China. Data from the public aesthetic survey and professional ecological assessment were converted into a two-dimensional coordinate system and distribution maps of landscape values. Results showed that natural landscapes (i.e. water body and forest) contributed positively more to both aesthetic and ecological values than semi-natural and human-dominated landscapes (i.e. farmland and non-ecological land). The distribution maps of landscape values indicated that the aesthetic, ecological and integrated landscape values were significantly associated with landscape attributes and human activity intensity. To combine aesthetic preferences with ecological services, the methods (i.e. field survey, landscape value coefficients, normalized method, a two-dimensional coordinate system, and landscape value distribution maps) were employed in landscape assessment. Our results could facilitate to identify the underlying structure-function-value chain, and also improve the understanding of multiple functions in landscape planning. The situation context could also be emphasized to bring ecological and aesthetic goals into better alignment.     

城市滨水景观的视觉环境质量评价——以合肥市为例

滨水景观是城市景观的重要组成部分,以合肥市为例评价城市滨水景观的视觉环境质量。综合"基于公众感知"和"基于专家/设计"的评价方法,选取22张滨水景观照片作为研究对象,评价这些滨水景观的视觉环境质量和各物理要素等级,对评价数据进行了相关和回归分析。评价结果表明环境质量得分较高的滨水景观比得分较低的滨水景观拥有更多的自然式驳岸和适当的园林小品。统计分析结果表明"有利的人工景观"、"驳岸类型"和"树群轮廓线"对滨水景观视觉环境质量有着非常显著的积极影响。另外,将研究结果与其他学者研究结论进行了对比分析,并对未来城市滨水景观的规划和管理提出一些建议。     

公众对园林绿地功能的认知及其对环境教育的启示——以广州市为例

以网络问卷和现场问卷、访谈的形式,分析公众对广州市园林绿地功能的认知情况,以期为环境教育场地的建设提供参考。结果显示,公众对于物种多样性和景观多样性的各项具体描述的认知情况都趋于一致,绝大多数公众认为绿地植被能发挥重要的生态功能,且公众的学历越高,其认知园林植物的欲望越强烈。在休息时,大多数公众会选择植物比较茂密的半开敞空间;在园林设计中通过增强科普信息获取的便利性和趣味性,能更好地发挥绿地的环境教育功能。     

福建福诏高速公路景观绿化植物种类调查

对福建福诏高速公路景观绿化24个样点的植物种类进行调查。结果表明,本段景观绿化植物种类有92种(乔木32种,灌木地被49种,竹类3种,藤本4种,草皮4种),分属39科;主要由观花植物(35%),观叶造型植物(25%)和棕榈植物(25%)组成,具有显著的热带、亚热带风光景观效果。     

政府投资审批制度下园林建设程序中的问题探讨

政府使用公共财政投资建设公益性的工程,需遵守一定的审批与管理流程。由于缺少园林工程投资估算指标体系,以及园林工程特有的艺术性,使审批流程与设计流程产生了一些矛盾。审批过程中,评审者关注投资的合理性,设计者关注园林美学观感,两者的不同立场导致对部分园林绿地建设内容必要性的分歧。为了在保证建设资金投入合理性前提下最大限度地实现园林绿地的完整功能与艺术水平,对有关的问题进行梳理,提出平衡设计与评审的原则,并强调在审批与建设过程中各方面调整思维方式,进行换位思考的必要性。     

Visual ecology: exploring the relationships between ecological quality and aesthetic preference

High ecological quality and an attractive environment are usually two primary goals of landscape design. Understanding the relationships between ecological quality and visual aesthetic preference is needed to reach the two goals simultaneously. However, previous work has not provided definite answers regards these relationships. The current study took place in the riparian zone of Xuzhou, China, to check ecological quality using the qualitat del bosc de ribera (or riparian forest quality) index, and visual aesthetic preference using pictures as surrogates, which were assessed by undergraduate students. Regression analysis revealed a U-shaped distribution of ecological quality in relation to visual aesthetic preference, which indicated that, with higher ecological quality, the visual aesthetic preference could be higher or lower, and a lower ecological quality implied a medium visual aesthetic preference. In addition, enhancing the cover quality (introducing more native plants and reducing man-made elements) of riparian vegetation was an efficient way to align the ecological goal with a visually pleasing landscape.