广东贺江水域野生鲮鱼体表寄生虫典型海弯水虱的种群动态

近年来,广东贺江暴发了由等足类寄生虫引起的严重的鱼类外寄生虫病,给当地网箱养殖和野生鱼类资源造成了严重危害.根据虫体的口器、触角、腹肢等形态学特征将其鉴定为等足目(Isopoda)、扇肢亚目(Flabellifera)、纺锤水虱科(Aegid ae)、海弯水虱属(Alitropus)的典型海弯水虱(Alitropus typus).为了弄清典型海弯水虱对贺江内野生鱼类资源的危害及其种群季节动态变化规律,作者从2006年5月份到2 007年4月份,用刺网定时定点捕获野生鲮鱼(Cirrhina molitorella),检查典型海弯水虱的寄生状况.结果发现:典型海弯水虱对鲮鱼的感染率、感染强度和平均密度均从20 06年5月份开始上升,至7月份达到高峰,然后逐渐下降,于次年的2月份达到最低点,从3月份开始有所回升.典型海弯水虱种群在不同月份及不同体长鲮鱼中均为聚集性分布,且聚集强度随着平均密度的增加而增加.典型海弯水虱种群在鲮鱼中的感染参数与水温呈显著的正相关,而与宿主的体长无明显的相关性.周年种群结构动态变化分析表明: 典型海弯水虱 1年只繁殖1次,繁殖受水温的影响,6、7月份是其繁殖高峰期 [动物学报 5 4(3):407-415,2008].     

中国海域团水虱属一新种(甲壳纲:等足目:团水虱科)

记述采自我国厦门及广东海门的团水虱科Sphaeromatidae一新种 ,中华团水虱Sphaeromasinensis。本种与采自海南岛的三口团水虱SphaeromatristeHeller相似 ,主要区别特征如下 :本种腹部前缘有 1个大突起 ,后者无 ;本种腹节具多个瘤状小突起 ,后者腹尾节则在近中部有 3对明显的大突起。正模标本♂ ,82F 83C ,1982年 4月 10日采自厦门何厝。模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所标本馆。     

中国海域团水虱属一新种（甲壳钢：等足目：团水虱科）

记述采自我国厦门及广东海门的团水虱科Sphaeromatidae一新种,中华团水虱Sphaeroma sinensis。本种与采自海南岛的三口团水虱Sphaeroma triste Heller相似,主要区别特征如下：本种腹部前缘有1个大突起,后者无;本种腹节具多个瘤状小突起,后者腹尾节则在近中部有3对明显的大突起。正模标本♂,82F－83C,1982年4月10日采自厦门何厝。模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所标本馆。     

关于Cirolanidae和Cymothoidae的中文名称

Ｃｉｒｏｌａｎｉｄａｅ和Ｃｙｍｏｔｈｏｉｄａｅ二科在我国均为常见的等足类甲壳动物,但国内学者对二者中文名称的使用却很混乱。作者经查证,并根据使用的普遍性和稳定性原则,认为它们的中文名称以分别称为浪漂水虱科和缩头水虱科为宜。日本浪飘水虱则因为属的变动而应称之为日本游泳水虱。     

有孔团水虱(Sphaeroma terebrans)的蛀洞行为初步研究

近年来, 有孔团水虱(Sphaeroma terebrans)在我国海南和广西红树林暴发, 造成了一定面积的红树林死亡, 但相关的基础研究较为缺乏。为了解有孔团水虱的蛀洞行为, 防控和消灭有孔团水虱, 为受损的红树林生态系统修复提供基础资料, 以红树植物银叶树(Heritiera littoralis)、白骨壤(Aricennia marina)、木榄(Bruguiera gymnorhiza)、海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)和聚苯乙烯泡沫板等为蛀蚀底物, 在室内对有孔团水虱的蛀洞行为进行了研究。结果发现: 有孔团水虱对底物蛀蚀的偏好性排序为: 聚苯乙烯泡沫板>木榄>白骨壤>银叶树>海莲。有孔团水虱在硬度和密度较小的底物上的蛀洞长大于自身体长。有孔团水虱偏好在水面下0—50 cm的区域活动。有孔团水虱对蛀蚀底物的偏好性与底物的硬度和密度呈负相关, 对底物的蛀洞高度受海水潮差的影响。     

我国海洋鱼类寄生虫新纪录——鱵小头水虱

1987年5月20日在黄海北部,大连市星海公园海域捕获的鱵鱼Hyporhamphussajor(Tem-mincketSchiegel)中,40%个体的鳃腔内有鱵小头水虱寄生。鱵小头水虱IronamelanostictaSchioedteetMeinert隶属于等足目Isopoda有扇尾水虱亚目Flabellifera浪飘水虱科Cymothoidae。雌性个体体长1.5—2.0cm,卵囊大而椭圆,怀卵量为150—200粒;雄性个体体长1.0cm左右。体色淡黄褐色,并有小黑点分布;体扁平;寄生时头的方向与鱼头方向一致,背部靠鳃盖,胸足紧紧抓住鳃丝。右鳃腔寄生的雌性个体,身体主轴向右侧弯曲,寄生在左侧鳃腔者,身体主轴向左侧弯曲,身体呈不匀…     

团水虱不同生长阶段肠道微生物多样性分析

为了解团水虱不同生长阶段的肠道微生物多样性,采用Mi Seq高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段,构建团水虱幼体、稚体和成体三个生长阶段肠道微生物的16S r RNA基因测序文库,分析三个样品中的菌群组成和生物多样性。结果表明,成体(T1)、稚体(T2)、幼体(T3)三个生长阶段肠道微生物样品共产生794个OTU,分别含646个、686个和156个OTU。分析显示,共检测到25个细菌门类,其中包括变形菌门、拟杆菌门、梭杆菌门等3个优势菌门。变形菌门为三个样品的共同优势菌,在幼体、稚体和成体中分别占51.7%、55.1%和51.6%;拟杆菌门为稚体(30.21%)和成体(38.57%)的次优势菌门,在幼体肠道内低于5%;梭杆菌门在幼体体内占37.8%,是幼体的次优势菌门,但在稚体和成体体内均低于2%。幼体与其他两个生长阶段的肠道细菌群落结构差异显著,与稚体和成体的共有OTU数量,占检测到的OTU总数的比例均低于25%。其中稚体肠道细菌有着最高丰富度及多样性,其Chao指数为697.15、Shannon指数为4.69,最低的Simpson优势度指数为0.035 1,而幼体肠道细菌丰富度和多样性最低。研究结果表明,团水虱肠道菌群种类丰富,幼体肠道菌群种类及其多样性与稚体、成体差异明显;菌群变化与各生长阶段团水虱生活习性关系密切。     

不同激活剂对油藏内源微生物群落结构的影响

目的筛选大庆油田聚驱后油藏内源微生物采油激活剂的类型。方法在动态物理模拟实验模型基础上,利用基于16S rDNA的基因克隆文库方法,分析了两组激活剂配方激活的微生物群落结构。结果配方1激活的微生物菌群主要有假单胞菌属(75%)、深海弯曲菌属(18%)、陶厄菌属(6%);配方2激活的微生物菌群主要有陶厄菌属(50%)、假单胞菌属(26%)、螺杆菌属(15%)、梭菌属(9%)。结论激活剂配方2更适合大庆油田聚驱后油藏内源微生物采油。     

两种海蟑螂的记述

海蟑螂Ligia俗称海蛆或海岸水虱,是甲壳动物陆生等足类潮虫亚目中个体最大,最原始的类群。其种类不多,全世界仅有几十种。栖息于潮间带高潮线的岩石缝隙间,有时偶尔也出现在中潮带作急速的觅食活动,喜食藻类。其数量甚多,为潮间带生态系的重要成员之一。可以作为沿海环境污染的指示动物。由于它们在沿海藻类养殖场常以紫菜、海带为食,是海产养殖业敌害之一。此外,我国南方沿海渔民常用此类动物治疗跌打损伤和小儿疳积等症,现已列入药用动物中。 1973—1981年,作者在进行我国沿海无脊     

长江口中国花鲈食性分析

中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)是长江口重要的经济鱼类之一。根据2010年7月至10月在长江口崇明东滩团结沙和东旺沙水域采集到的胃含物样品,对中国花鲈的摄食习性进行了研究。结果表明,从中国花鲈胃含物中共鉴定出6类27种饵料生物,其多样性指数H’值为2.484,均匀度指数J’为0.7535,优势指数D为0.1262。采用百分比相对重要性指数(IRI%)和综合指标优势指数(Ip)分析的结果较一致,鱼类是长江口中国花鲈夏季主要食物,其百分比相对重要性指数(IRI%)和综合指标优势指数(Ip)分别为82.63%和94.48,鮻(Liza haematocheila)为优势饵料生物(IRI%=41.89,Ip=53.20)。团结沙和东旺沙中国花鲈食性差异较大,主成分分析(PCA)表明鲚属(Coilia spp.)、舌虾虎鱼(Glossogobius giuris)、脊尾白虾(Exopalaemoncarinicauda)和雷伊著名团水虱(Gnorimosphaeroma rayi)是造成这种差异的主要饵料生物种类。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.