细菌胞壁多糖对水体中低浓度Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附研究

室内模拟研究了长春市伊通河天然水环境中优势细菌胞壁多糖对Pb2+和Cd2+吸附,结果发现胞壁多糖对pb2+和Cd2+的吸附量分别在pH为4.5、5.0时最大;且均分为两个阶段,即当pH＜4.5,对Pb2+的吸附量与pH呈正相关,当pH＞4.5时,对Pb2+的吸附量与pH呈负相关;对Cd2+的吸附量在pH＜5.0时与pH呈正相关,在pH＞5.0时与pH呈负相关.温度对胞壁多糖吸附Pb2+和Cd2+影响不显著;吸附体系在8 h达到吸附平衡.共存Cd2+对胞壁多糖吸附Pb2+影响显著,而共存Pb2+对吸附Cd2+不显著.胞壁多糖对Pb2+和Cd2+吸附过程符合Iangmuir和Freundlich热力学等温方程;胞壁多糖吸附Pb2+和Cd2+的动力学过程分为快速阶段和慢速阶段,其中慢速阶段符合二级吸附速率动力学方程.     

棕色固氮菌细菌铁蛋白释放铁的动力学方程和性质

棕色固氮菌细胞铁蛋白铁核中的磷铁组成存在非均匀性。细菌铁蛋白释放铁的动力学特性表现出复杂性。通过动力学曲线分析,提出蛋白壳自身调节能力起着限制释放铁速率关键步骤的观点建立分析铁蛋白释放铁的动力学特性方程并用它较合理地阐明铁蛋白释放铁的动力不储存铁的途径。用分光光度法和动力学方程研究细胞铁蛋白释放铁的全过程。其表明该蛋白以一级反应方式释放铁核表层的铁和以零级反应方式释放铁核内层的铁。外加磷酸盐能强烈     

棕色固氮菌细菌铁蛋白释放铁的动力学方程和性质

棕色固氮菌细菌铁蛋白铁核中的磷铁组成存在非均匀性。细菌铁蛋白释放铁的动力学特性表现出复杂性。通过动力学曲线分析,提出蛋白壳自身调节能力起着限制释放铁速率关键步骤的观点,建立分析铁蛋白释放铁的动力学特性方程并用它较合理地阐明铁蛋白释放铁的动力学规律及储存铁的途径。用分光光度法和动力学方程研究细菌铁蛋白释放铁的全过程,其结果表明该蛋白以一级反应方式释放铁核表层的铁和以零级反应方式释放铁核内层的铁。外加磷酸盐能强烈地抑制释放铁的速率,引起释放铁的反应级数的转化,迫使铁蛋白以一级反应的方式释放铁核中的大多数铁。     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长动力学方程的应用

基于Monod模型推导出了A．f的生长动力学方程模型,采用Gauss-Newton算法确定了在不同初始条件下细菌生长的动力学参数,即最大比生长速率‰、Monod常数K及R0。通过在不同初始条件下细菌生长特性的研究,得到了相应初始生长条件下以限制性底物亚铁离子浓度为表征的生长动力学方程,理论上揭示了动力学参数变化对细菌生长的影响规律,其中生长动力学方程的数值模拟与实验数据相吻合。     

紫色土中砷、磷的吸附-解吸和竞争吸附

采用批培养法研究了As、P在三峡库区典型土壤紫色土中的吸附-解吸特点及竞争吸附对As、P迁移活化的影响.结果表明：3种紫色土中As、P的吸附-解吸特点相似,等温吸附均符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,As在酸性、中性和石灰性紫色土中的最大吸附量分别为1428.6、1250.0和1111.1 mg·kg^-1;P在酸性、中性和石灰性紫色土中的最大吸附量分别为322.6、357.1和434.8 mg·kg^-1;As、P吸附动力学过程为先快后慢,均符合一级动力学方程与Elovich方程,快速吸附段符合一级动力学方程,为交换吸附;慢速吸附阶段满足Elovich方程,可能属于深层吸附或专性吸附.As、P竞争吸附试验表明,As、P共存时P的吸附速度和吸附量均增强,而As的吸附速度和吸附量均降低,表明As的存在能明显增强紫色土对P的吸附作用,P的存在则明显抑制紫色土对As的吸附.     

大孔树脂对八月瓜果皮总三萜的吸附特性研究

研究XDA-1型大孔树脂对八月瓜果皮总三萜的吸附特性。采用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程、Van't Hoff方程和吸附等温方程研究吸附动力学与吸附热力学参数。结果表明,XDA-1大孔树脂对八月瓜果皮中总三萜的吸附符合准二级动力学方程描述;吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温吸附方程;吸附焓变ΔH=-1.2792 kJ/mol,为物理吸附;吉布斯自由能ΔG0,吸附过程是自发过程;吸附熵变ΔS0,表明吸附是熵值增加的过程。     

结构方程模型及其在生态学中的应用

基于多变量统计方法同时研究自然系统内多个因子之间的相互关系, 是阐释复杂的自然系统的一个重要手段。相比传统的多变量统计法, 结构方程模型基于研究者的先验知识预先设定系统内因子间的依赖关系, 不仅能够判别各因子之间的关系强度(路径系数), 还能对整体模型进行拟合和判断, 从而能更全面地了解自然系统。由于结构方程模型只在近年才被应用到生态学的数据分析中, 因此该文试图对其作一简略介绍, 包括结构方程模型的定义和变量类型, 结合事例研究展现结构方程模型分析的一般步骤、在生态学中的应用以及相关软件的介绍等。望能为相关研究人员提供直观的认识, 加强结构方程模型在生态学数据分析中的应用。     

小球藻对U(VI)的生物吸附特性

试验研究了小球藻吸附U(VI)的过程,探讨了吸附机理、吸附热力学和动力学.考查了pH值、时间、U(VI)的起始浓度和温度等对吸附的影响.研究表明,pH值对小球藻的吸附效果影响较大,小球藻吸附U(VI)的最佳pH值为6,最大吸附量为2.7mg/g,吸附在5min内基本达到平衡.小球藻对U(VI)的吸附量与其浓度的正相关;温度在20℃-30℃时,对铀的吸附影响不大.实验结果还表明,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,其相关系数达0.99,该吸附为多种反应同时作用的复杂过程.U(VI)在小球藻上的吸附行为可以很好地用Langmuir等温方程来描述.     

基质穿膜传递过程和Monod方程的耦合模型

在分析基质进入细胞穿膜传质机理的基础上,提出了相应的简单传质模型。以此讨论了传递过程对Monod方程的影响,得出了传递过程不影响Monod方程的形式,但影响其动力学参数的结论。这和文献结果和实验数据一致。     

关于Malthus方程和logistic方程的统一表达式

崔启武在文［1]简称《结构》中,再一次认为他所获得的描述种群增长的模型包含了Malthus方程和Logistic方程．这一错误的结论,最早出现在1982年崔启武和G．Lawson合写的论文[2]简称《扩充》中,后来又在文[3]（简称《答疑》）中得到进一步的发挥．本文从《结构》、《扩充》,《答疑》中出现的主要错误说起,论证崔启武的模型并非Malthus和Logistic方程的统一表达式．     

一种用SigmaPlot求PV曲线水分参数φtlp的方法

以扶桑(Hibiscus Rose-sinensis)为例,用SigmaPlot for Windows软件分别绘制PV曲线双曲线和直线部分的散点图,同时拟合双曲线和直线方程。然后通过联立方程组求出质壁分离点的坐标值,计算出质壁分离时的渗透势(φtlp)、相对水含量(RWCtlp)和相对渗透水含量(ROWCtlp)。并与常用的直线回归法的结果进行了比较。该方法具有简单、准确、快速等特点,是获得PV曲线主要参数的一种新方法。     

Existence and stability of periodic travelling wave solutions to Nagumo's nerve equation

Summary Nagumo's nerve conduction equation has a one-parameter family of spatially periodic travelling wave solutions. First, we prove the existence of these solutions by using a topological method. (There are some exceptional cases in which this method cannot be applied in showing the existence.) A periodic travelling wave solution corresponds to a closed orbit of a third-order dynamical system. The Poincaré index of the closed orbit is determined as a direct consequence of the proof of the existence. Second, we prove that the periodic travelling wave solution is unstable if the Poincaré index of the corresponding closed orbit is + 1. By using this result, together with the result of the author's previous paper, it is concluded that the slow periodic travelling wave solutions are always unstable. Third, we consider the stability of the fast periodic travelling wave solutions. We denote by L(c) the spatial period of the travelling wave solution with the propagation speed c. It is shown that the fast solution is unstable if its period is close to L_min, the minimum of L(c).     

The drift approximation solves the Poisson, Nernst-Planck, and continuum equations in the limit of large external voltages

Nearly linear current-voltage curves are frequently found in biological ion channels. Using the drift limit of the substantially non-linear Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations, we explain such behavior of diffusion-controlled charge transport systems. Starting from Gauss' law, drift, and continuity equations we derive a simple analytical current-voltage relation, which accounts for this deviation from linearity. As shown previously, the drift limit of the Nernst-Planck equation applies if the total electric current is dominated by the electric field, and integral contributions from concentration gradients are small. The simple analytical form of the drift current-voltage relations makes it an ideal tool to analyze experiment current-voltage curves. We also solved the complete Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations numerically, and determined current-voltage curves over a wide range of voltages, concentrations, and Debye lengths. The simulation fully supports the analytical estimate that the current-voltage curves of simple charge transport systems are dominated by the drift mechanism. Even those relations containing the most extensive approximations remained qualitatively within the correct order of magnitude. Received: 24 September 1998 / Revised version: 22 January 1999 / Accepted: 22 January 1999     

六阶滞后差分方程渐近稳定性分析

在这篇论文中,我们应用特征根法、生成函数法等方法,讨论了六阶滞后差分方程的渐近稳定性,得到了其零解渐近稳定的充要条件.     

等熵方程与生物熵限方程

本文分析了等熵方程;推导出核酸序列的熵限方程,率先提出了生物进化过程中核酸序列选择的熵原则;绘制了分析核酸序列熵变的等熵图．     

General Mathematical Frame for Open or Closed Biomembranes (Part I): Equilibrium Theory and Geometrically Constraint Equation

This paper aims at constructing a general mathematical frame for the equilibrium theory of open or closed biomembranes. Based on the generalized potential functional, the equilibrium differential equation for open biomembrane (with free edge) or closed one (without boundary) is derived. The boundary conditions for open biomembranes are obtained. Besides, the geometrically constraint equation for the existence, formation and disintegration of open or closed biomembranes is revealed. The physical and biological meanings of the equilibrium differential equation and the geometrically constraint equation are discussed. Numerical simulation results for axisymmetric open biomembranes show the effectiveness and convenience of the present theory.     

Laser-induced hyperthermia of nanoshell mediated vascularized tissue – A numerical study

Laser-induced hyperthermia treatment of tumor in a 2-D axisymmetric tissue embedded with moderate size (100–150 µm) blood vessels is studied. Laser absorption is enhanced by embedding gold–silica nanoshells in the tumor. Heat transfer in the tissue is modeled using Weinbaum–Jiji bioheat transfer equation. With laser irradiation, the volumetric radiation is accounted in the governing bioheat equation. Radiative information needed in the bioheat equation is calculated using the discrete ordinate method, and the coupled bioheat-radiation equation is solved using the finite volume method. Effects of power density, laser exposure time, beam radius, diameter of blood vessel and volume fractions of nanoshells on temperature spread in the tissue are analyzed.     

Asymptotic velocity of one dimensional diffusions with periodic drift

We consider the asymptotic behavior of the solution of one dimensional stochastic differential equations and Langevin equations in periodic backgrounds with zero average. We prove that in several such models, there is generically a non-vanishing asymptotic velocity, despite of the fact that the average of the background is zero.      

Numerical solution of a nonlinear advance-delay-differential equation from nerve conduction theory

A functional differential equation which is nonlinear and involves forward and backward deviating arguments is solved numerically. The equation models conduction in a myelinated nerve axon in which the myelin completely insulates the membrane, so that the potential change jumps from node to node. The equation is of first order with boundary values given at t=±. The problem is approximated via a difference scheme which solves the problem on a finite interval by utilizing an asymptotic representation at the endpoints, cubic interpolation and iterative techniques to approximate the delays, and a continuation method to start the procedure. The procedure is tested on a class of problems which are solvable analytically to access the scheme's accuracy and stability, then applied to the problem that models propagation in a myelinated axon. The solution's dependence on various model parameters of physical interest is studied. This is the first numerical study of myelinated nerve conduction in which the advance and delay terms are treated explicitly.Supported in part by NSF Grant MCS8301724 and by a Biomedical Research Support Grant 2SO7RR0706618 from NIH     

Application of Different Variants of the BEM in Numerical Modeling of Bioheat Transfer Problems

Heat transfer processes proceeding in the living organisms are described by the different mathematical models. In particular, the typical continuous model of bioheat transfer bases on the most popular Pennes equation, but the Cattaneo-Vernotte equation and the dual phase lag equation are also used. It should be pointed out that in parallel are also examined the vascular models, and then for the large blood vessels and tissue domain the energy equations are formulated separately. In the paper the different variants of the boundary element method as a tool of numerical solution of bioheat transfer problems are discussed. For the steady state problems and the vascular models the classical BEM algorithm and also the multiple reciprocity BEM are presented. For the transient problems connected with the heating of tissue, the various tissue models are considered for which the 1st scheme of the BEM, the BEM using discretization in time and the general BEM are applied. Examples of computations illustrate the possibilities of practical applications of boundary element method in the scope of bioheat transfer problems.