分子印迹技术用于生物大分子的识别

分子印迹技术是一种人工合成具有分子识别功能的介质的一种新技术,近年来在许多领域都得到很大的发展。本文介绍了分子印迹技术的发展现状,尤其对生物大分子的分子印迹技术进行了详细论述,对生物大分子印迹采用的功能单体,印迹分子的种类,印迹的方法,印迹的机理,存在的问题和应用的前景等分别进行了讨论。     

分子印迹技术用于生物大分子的识别

分子印迹技术是一种人工合成具有分子识别功能的介质的一种新技术,近年来在许多领域都得到很大的发展。本文介绍了分子印迹技术的发展现状,尤其对生物大分子的分子印迹技术进行了详细论述,对生物大分子印迹采用的功能单体、印迹分子的种类、印迹的方法、印迹的机理、存在的问题和应用的前景等分别进行了讨论。     

分子印迹技术及其在生物领域内的应用

分子印迹技术是近十年来发展起来的模拟抗体-抗原相互作用原理的新技术。在存在印迹分子的条件下,通过模板聚合可以构造出具有选择性识别位点的印迹聚合物。该聚合物可作为用于生物物质的监测、分析、分离与纯化等的基质。本文就分子印迹技术的产生、发展及其在生物领域中的应用做了较为详细的阐述,并对该技术的发展前景进行了预测 。     

分子印迹技术及其在生物领域内的应用

分子印迹技术是近十年来发展起来的模拟抗体－抗原相互作用原理的新技术。在存在印迹分子的条件下,通过模板聚合可以构造出具有选择性识别位点的印迹聚合物,该聚合物可作为用于生物物质的监测、分析、分离与纯化等的基质,本文就分子印迹技术的产生、发展及其在生物领域中的应用做了较为详细的阐述,并对该技术的发展前景进行了预测。     

脂肪酶生物印迹研究进展

脂肪酶是一种广泛应用的水解酶。生物印迹技术是一项新兴技术,它使脂肪酶在有机溶剂中发挥更好的催化能力,如更高的活性和稳定性,从而扩大了脂肪酶作为生物催化剂在工业上的应用。本文介绍了脂肪酶蛋白质的结构特点,脂肪酶生物印迹的过程和原理,对生物印迹过程中印迹模板的种类和选择原则、保护剂的作用等主要影响因素进行了讨论,并对不同种类脂肪酶的生物印迹条件和适用的反应及生物印迹效果作了归纳总结,指出了目前脂肪酶生物印迹技术存在的问题和发展前景。     

基于分子印迹技术的细菌传感检测

分子印迹因其材料结构的稳定性及靶标物识别的特异性而被广泛应用于生化分离分析的相关领域。近年来，将具有选择性捕获、分离和富集靶标物等优势的分子印迹技术与生化传感检测技术有机结合，是目前细菌等微生物高效检测领域备受关注的研究热点。本文就分子印迹技术在细菌分析中的印迹方法、分析检测技术和典型应用等方面的最新进展进行综述。首先介绍了细菌分子印迹原理，对表面印迹的材料以及直接压印、间接印迹和电聚合等制备方法进行了总结和归纳；重点对基于荧光、电化学、石英晶体微天平（QCM）等检测模式的细菌印迹传感监测在细菌分析检测及其与微流控芯片技术耦合的应用和进展进行了综述；最后，提出了存在的挑战及发展的趋势。     

免疫蛋白质组学及其在病原菌研究中的应用

以双向电泳、生物质谱及生物信息学为主要技术支撑的蛋白质组学与传统免疫印迹技术相结合,产生了一门新兴的学科——免疫蛋白质组学。本主要从免疫蛋白质组学的产生、技术体系及在病原菌免疫原性蛋白质研究中的应用等3个方面对其进行综述。     

分子印迹技术研究新进展

分子印迹技术是在近十几年来才发展起来的一门边缘科学技术。它结合了高分子化学、生物化学等学科 ,是模拟抗体 -抗原相互作用的一种新技术 ,具有选择性识别位点的性质。现已应用于色谱分离、抗体和受体模拟物、固相萃取、生物传感器等领域。     

表遗传学研究进展及其应用

表遗传体系包括DNA甲基化、RNA干涉、基因组印迹和组蛋白密码等多方面。它们们在生物体生长发育过程中对基因表达和调控有重要作用,而且与生物体的防御机制和生物遗传信息的传递存在密切联系。表遗传在肿瘤上也有重要应用,表遗传机制的异常通过使癌遗传学途径基因失能与获能、增加基因组的不稳定性和印迹丢失等途径参与肿瘤的形成,同时也启发了对肿瘤防治的研究。就表遗传这一新的分子生物学研究领域的发展及最新研究进展进行了综述。     

月桂酸生物印迹对脂肪酶酯化活力的影响

生物印迹是改良酶学特性,扩大脂肪酶工业应用领域的新兴技术。本研究结合溶胶-凝胶脂肪酶固定化工艺,以甲基三甲氧基硅烷（MTMS）和四甲氧基硅烷（TMOS）为前驱体,月桂酸为印迹分子,考察了月桂酸生物印迹对脂肪酶PS酯化活力的影响。脂肪酶酯化活力测定及扫描电镜观察表明生物印迹能显著提高脂肪酶的活性及稳定性。印迹体系经正交试验优化获得的最优条件为：水和硅烷摩尔比（R）为12,聚乙二醇（PEG）加入量为120μl,月桂酸加入量为0.15mmol。在最优反应条件下,印迹酶相对于游离酶比活力提高了44.3倍,相对于未印迹固定化酶提高了2.4倍;印迹酶具有较好的热稳定性,在80℃下处理0.5h后,残余酶活分别为58%,而游离酶未检测到活性。     

Bio-imprinting of microbial lipase at air–water interface

Bio-imprinting has been introduced as a technique of interfacial activation of lipase for anhydrous reaction applications. In this study, air–water (bubble) interfaces were compared to amphiphile and substrate interfaces in microbial lipase bio-imprinting. Results indicated that the bubble interface is equally effective on lipase interesterification activity and produces a 4–4.5-fold increase compared with the enzymes as supplied. Interesterification activity can be explained in terms of effects upon the accessibility of the lipase active site. This technique provides an easier, cheaper and product-friendly way of lipase bio-imprinting.     

Orlistat-induced molecular bio-imprinting of microbial lipase

Some microbial lipases bio-imprinted with the reversible lipase inhibitor, Orlistat. Comparison of interesterification activities indicated that Orlistat bio-imprinting is equally effective as amphiphile imprinting and yields a 3.5–4.0-fold activity enhancement. Solvent-free incubation medium was as effective as hexane medium. Water addition into the incubation medium erased the bio-imprinting effect; hence, lid opening should be the mechanism of activation. This study provides additional proof to the hypothesis that lipase bio-imprinting is an active-site related phenomenon.     

Enhancement of transesterification-catalyzing capability of bio-imprinted tannase in organic solvents by cryogenic protection and immobilization

Improvement of transesterification-catalyzing capability of bio-imprinted tannase is a crucial question of whether to be efficiently utilized in organic media. As for biotransformation of tannic acid to propyl gallate, bio-imprinting technique can dramatically enhance the transesterification-catalyzing capability of tannase. In this work, both cryogenic protection and immobilization were utilized to further improve its apparent catalytic capability in organic media. The results show that Triton-X-100, mannose, and magnesium ion all have a positive effect on cryogenic protection of the tannase. Particularly, combinational application of the three cryoprotectants increases its catalytic performance by 2.7-fold factor. Also, immobilization further elevates its catalytic capability by 2.1 folds. Noteworthily, the coupling application of immobilization and cryo-protection can cause the conversion rate of substrate of the bio-imprinted tannase to increase to a promising 70%. Consequently, it will be helpful to fully utilize tannase in organic phase.     

Molecular imprinting in sol-gel matrix

Molecular imprinting is a newly developed methodology which provides molecular assemblies of desired structures and properties and is being increasingly used for several applications such as in separation processes, microreactors, immunoassays and antibody mimics, catalysis, artificial enzymes, biosensor recognition elements and bio- and chemo-sensors. The ambient processing conditions and versatility of the sol-gel process makes sol-gel glassy matrix suitable for molecular imprinting. The progress of sol-gel based molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) for various applications can be seen from the growing number of publications. The main focus of the review is molecular imprinting in sol-gel matrix and applications of molecular imprinted sol-gel derived materials for the development of sensors. Combining sol-gel process with molecular imprinting enables to procure the sensors with greater sensitivity and selectivity necessary for sensing applications. The merits, problems, challenges and factors affecting molecular imprinting in sol-gel matrix have been discussed. Considerable attention has been drawn on recent developments like use of organically modified silane precursors (ORMOSILS) for the synthesis of hybrid molecular imprinted polymers (HMIPs) and applying surface sol-gel process for molecular imprinting. The development of molecular imprinted sol-gel nanotubes for biochemical separation and bio-imprinting is a new advancement and is under progress. Templated xerogels and molecularly imprinted sol-gel films provide a good platform for various sensor applications.     

Improving the application of microbial lipase by bio-imprinting at substrate-interfaces

Lipases have bio-imprinted with common substrate-interfaces and interesterification activities compared with amphiphile bio-imprinted counterparts. Bio-imprinting has yielded a 3.5- to 4.5-fold activity enhancement. Solvent-free medium was equally effective as hexane medium. Water addition erased the bio-imprinting effect. Bio-imprinting caused rate acceleration in the interesterification reaction and increased thermostability of the enzyme.     

Development of a quantitative PCR variant, and use of it for assessing gene expression

The data on the development of a quantitative PCR technique are presented, including the synthesis of modified primers, the choice of conditions for the removal of reaction-mixture components from the amplified DNA, and the colorimetric detection of the PCR product. The application of this technique to the assessment of the level of gene expression in nonculturable bacterial forms characterized by a drastically reduced metabolism is described.     

无细胞系统的基因表达与蛋白质合成

无细胞翻译——利用细胞提取液在体外合成蛋白质,已是国外分子生物学实验室的一项常规技术,但在国内此项技术的利用却几乎是空白.对体外无细胞系统的特性、功能、优缺点及其进展等进行了全面的介绍,以期使国内学者了解和利用这一方便而有效的表达系统,进行应用生物化学与分子生物学的实验研究.     

生态学与医学中的整合分析(Meta-analysis)

整合分析是针对一系列独立研究结果进行定量综合分析的方法。自从 1976年 Glass在心理学研究中提出以来 ,该方法已经在许多学科特别是医学领域进行了广泛的应用。 2 0世纪 90年代 ,整合分析被引入生态学研究 ,引起了生态学家和统计学家的广泛关注。在我国 ,该方法也于 1998年被引入生态学。由于生态学研究自身的特点 ,整合分析在应用时出现了许多新问题 ,如不同研究类型的数据抽提与转换、效应值的构建、研究间相关性的估计、出版偏见的评估与修正等 ,为此以整合分析应用最活跃的医学领域进行对比和借鉴 ,分析该方法在两个研究领域应用的范围和特点 ,讨论影响其在生态学中应用的各种因素 ,并着重阐述和探讨其在生态学应用中存在的问题和发展前景