评价抗SSA、抗SSB和抗α-胞衬蛋白抗体在诊断干燥综合征中的价值

目的：评价SSA、SSB和胞衬蛋白在诊断干燥综合征（SS）中的价值。方法：用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELIsA）检测47例确诊为SS患者、20例其它自身免疫病（类风湿关节炎7例、SLE6例、自身免疫性肌炎7例）和20例体检健康者血清抗SSA、SSB和α-胞衬蛋白抗体,分析三种自身抗体阳性率。结果：抗SSA抗体、抗SSB抗体和抗仅．胞衬蛋白抗体敏感性分别为76．6％、38．3％、42．6％;特异性分别为72．5％、95．0％、82．5％;三种抗体联合检测后敏感性为89．4％,特异性50．0％。结论：抗仪．胞衬蛋白抗体与抗SSA、SSB抗体联合检测时可提高阳性率,对症状不典型的SS患者诊断有一定的补充意义。     

抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体联合类风湿因子在检测类风湿关节炎中的临床价值

目的：探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体（抗CCP抗体）以及类风湿因子（RV）检测对类风湿关节炎（RA）诊断的意义。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测355份人血清的抗CCP抗体,同时采用使用贝克曼库尔特Image800双光镜免疫浊度分析仪定量监测类风湿因子（RF）,其中包括门诊及住院RA患者135例,非RA组170例,正常对照组来自本院的健康体检人员50例。结果：抗-CCP检测在RA组与非RA组（和正常对照组）之间的检测结果有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。RF检测在RA组与非RA组（和正常对照组）之间的检测结果有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。在135例RA病人中,抗CCP抗体的阻性率为70．4％,在非RA病人中的阳性率为3．5％,抗CCP抗体对RA的敏感性和特异性分别为70．4％、96．5％。RF的阳性率为63．7％,在非RA病人中的阳性率为14．1％,RF对RA的敏感性和特异性分别为63．7％、81．1％。联合应用抗CCP抗体与RF进行诊断,串联时敏感性为59．3％,特异性为97．1％。并联时敏感性为74．8％,特异性为85.3％。结论：抗CCP抗体和RF对RA具有较好的敏感性和很高的特异性,二者联合检测可提高对RA早期诊断的准确性。     

抗烯醇化酶抗体与（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖检测诊断侵袭性念珠菌病的临床比较

目的：比较抗烯醇化酶抗体（抗-Eno）检测与（1-3）-β-D-葡聚糖（BG）检测对侵袭性念珠菌病（invasivecandidia-sis,IC）的诊断价值。方法留取临床为诊断IC而送检BG测定的患者血样,用ELISA法测定抗-Eno抗体,以真菌培养结果为基础,分析比较两种血清学方法诊断IC的效能。结果210例患者为研究对象。15例患者经念珠菌培养确诊IC,确诊感染率71%;BG阳性54例,阳性率为257%;抗-Eno阳性33例,检出阳性率为157%。抗-Eno和G试验诊断IC感染的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为467%、867%、212%、955%和333%、749%、93%、936%。两种血清学方法联合检测,敏感性提高至667%。结论抗-Eno对IC的诊断性能优于G试验;联合两种血清学方法,能有效提高敏感性。     

葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶抗原对类风湿关节炎的诊断价值

目的:通过比较类风湿关节炎(Rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者、非RA风湿病患者及健康对照者血清中葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶(glucose-6-phosphate isomerase,GPI)抗原的阳性率来探讨GPI对RA的诊断意义,并探讨GPI,抗CCP抗体和RF联合应用对RA的诊断价值.方法:对110例RA患者、223例非RA风湿病患者和55例健康对照者共388份血清标本进行了检测.GPI抗原和抗CCP抗体采用ELISA方法,RF采用免疫比浊法定量检测.结果:RA组、非RA风湿病组和健康对照组血清中的GPI抗原阳性率分别为83.64%,30.04%和20.00%,RA组阳性率显著高于其它组(P＜0.01).GPI抗原对RAt诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为83.64%和71.58%.GPI和抗CCP抗体联合检测的敏感性和特异性分别为90.91%和71.22%,GPI和RF联合检测的敏感性和特异性分别为92.73%和 61.87%,如果三者同时检测,其敏感性和特异性分别为94.55%和60.43%.结论:RA患者的血清GPI阳性率明显高于其它自身免疫性疾病患者和健康对照者.GPI抗原时RA具有诊断价值,联合检测GPI、抗CCP抗体和RF可以提高RA诊断的敏感性.     

RF、GPI、抗CCP抗体联合检测对类风湿关节炎的诊断意义

目的:研究类风湿因子(rheumatoid factor,RF)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶(glucose-6-phosphate isomerase,GPI)和抗环瓜氨酸肽(anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide,anti-CCP)抗体联合检测对类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)的诊断意义.方法:收集未经治疗的128例RA患者(RA组)、117例其他风湿病人(非RA组)、74例健康人(正常对照组)血清,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测GPI、抗CCP抗体,采用速率散射比浊法检测RF、C反应蛋白(CRP)、补体(C3、C4)、免疫球蛋白(Iga、IgG、IgM),采用魏氏法测红细胞沉降率(血沉,ESR).结果:(1)GPI、抗CCP抗体诊断RA的特异性分别为91.09%、94.14%,与RF(78.53%)比有显著差异(P<0.01),敏感性分别为75.0%、75.8%,与RF(80.47%)比无统计学差异(P>0.05).(2)GPI和RF、抗CCP抗体和RF、GPI和抗CCP抗体两两组合检测,两个指标均为阳性诊断RA的特异性分别为94.24%、95.81%、96.34%,与单独检测RF比有显著差异(P<0.01);两个指标任一阳性诊断RA的敏感性分别为85.16%、85.94%、87.50%,与单独检测RF比无统计学差异(P>0.05),但与单独检测GPI或抗CCP抗体比有统计学差异(P<0.05)计学.(3)三个指标联合检测均为阳性诊断RA的特异性高达98.43%,与单独检测RF、GPI或抗CCP抗体比有统计学差异(P=0.000,P=0.001,P=0.018),任一阳性诊断RA的敏感性为91.41%,与单独检测RF、GPI或抗CCP抗体比有统计学差异(P=0.012,P=0;000,P=0.001).(4)GPI阳性的RA患者关节炎部位数、CRP、ESR水平明显高于GPI阴性RA患者.且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:GPI、抗CCP抗体诊断RA比RF更具特异性,三者联合检测可显著提高诊断RA的特异性和敏感性.此外,GPI还可作为RA活动性指标.     

抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体、抗核抗体联合检测对类风湿关节炎的诊断价值

目的：探讨抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）与抗核抗体（ANA）联合检测对类风湿关节炎的临床意义。方法：采用IIF法对82例RA患者（RA组）、74例非RA自身免疫疾病患者（非RA组）和52例健康体检者（正常对照组）的血清ANCA和ANA谱进行了检测分析,并用ELISA法进行抗丝氨酸蛋白酶3（PR3）、抗髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、ANA谱的定量检测。结果：RA组82例患者中,64例ANCA阳性,阳性率为78．08％,其中核周型（PANCA）37例,阳性率为45．1％,胞浆型（CANCA）27例,阳性率为32．9％;非RA组74例患者中有7例ANCA阳性率分别为9．4％;正常对照组50例中没有一例ANCA阳性。利用Elisa法对患者血清进行检测,分别能够特异的检测到PR3、MPO、抗双链DNA抗体（抗ds—DNA抗体）、抗SS—A等抗体、抗ss—A抗体、抗PM—SCL抗体的存在。结论：联合ANCA、ANA检测有助于提高类风湿关节炎的诊断。     

抗CCP抗体对老年起病类风湿关节炎诊断及预后评估的临床价值

目的：探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽（CCP）抗体对老年起病类风湿关节炎（EORA）诊断和预后评估的临床应用价值。方法：收集2010年3月至2011年3月在上海市第一人民医院分院风湿科门诊及住院治疗的EORA患者98例,骨性关节炎（OA）患者30例,风湿性多肌痛（PMA）患者10例,其他结缔组织病30例,正常老年健康对照48例,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测所有患者血清抗CCP抗体水平,并检测其IgM型类风湿因子（IgM-RF）。计算抗CCP抗体、IgM-RF及联合检测两者诊断EORA的特异度、敏感度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。同时记录EORA患者的临床资料,分析抗CCP抗体阴性和阳性患者中年龄、性别、疾病活动指数28（DAS28）、ESR、CRP、骨损害的变化,对其预后进行预测。结果：EORA患者抗CCP抗体和IgM-RF的阳性率均明显高于其他结缔组织病患者和健康对照人群,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。抗CCP抗体对EORA诊断的敏感性略低于IgM-RF,但特异性明显提高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。抗CCP抗体及IgM-RF对EORA诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为：61.2%、75.5%和97.1%、62.9%,两者联合检测的敏感性及特异性为：49%和98.5%。差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。抗CCP抗体阳性患者和阴性患者比较,年龄、性别、病程、ESR、CRP水平的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但抗CCP抗体水平与DAS28评分呈正相关（P〈0.05）,与关节x线分期无明显相关性（P〉0.05）。但抗CCP抗体阳性患者,更易出现骨损害,预后较差。结论：抗CCP抗体对诊断EORA具有较高的临床价值,且可以作为辅助预测和评价预后的指标。     

抗CCP 抗体对老年起病类风湿关节炎诊断及预后评估的临床价值

目的：探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体对老年起病类风湿关节炎(EORA)诊断和预后评估的临床应用价值。方法：收集2010 年 3 月至2011 年3 月在上海市第一人民医院分院风湿科门诊及住院治疗的EORA 患者98 例,骨性关节炎(OA)患者30 例,风湿性 多肌痛(PMA)患者10 例,其他结缔组织病30 例,正常老年健康对照48 例,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测所有患者血清抗CCP 抗体 水平,并检测其IgM型类风湿因子(IgM-RF)。计算抗CCP抗体、IgM-RF及联合检测两者诊断EORA 的特异度、敏感度、阳性预测 值、阴性预测值。同时记录EORA 患者的临床资料,分析抗CCP 抗体阴性和阳性患者中年龄、性别、疾病活动指数28(DAS28)、 ESR、CRP、骨损害的变化,对其预后进行预测。结果：EORA 患者抗CCP 抗体和IgM-RF的阳性率均明显高于其他结缔组织病患 者和健康对照人群,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抗CCP 抗体对EORA 诊断的敏感性略低于IgM-RF,但特异性明显提高,差异 均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抗CCP 抗体及IgM-RF对EORA 诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为：61.2%、75.5%和97.1%、62.9%,两者联 合检测的敏感性及特异性为：49%和98.5%。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抗CCP 抗体阳性患者和阴性患者比较,年龄、性别、病 程、ESR、CRP水平的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但抗CCP 抗体水平与DAS28 评分呈正相关(P<0.05),与关节x 线分期无明显 相关性(P>0.05)。但抗CCP 抗体阳性患者,更易出现骨损害,预后较差。结论：抗CCP抗体对诊断EORA 具有较高的临床价值,且 可以作为辅助预测和评价预后的指标。     

抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体、抗核抗体联合检测对类风湿关节炎 的诊断价值

目的:探讨抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)与抗核抗体(ANA)联合检测对类风湿关节炎的临床意义。方法:采用IIF法对82例RA患者(RA组)、74例非RA自身免疫疾病患者(非RA组)和52例健康体检者(正常对照组)的血清ANCA和ANA谱进行了检测分析,并用ELISA法进行抗丝氨酸蛋白酶3(PR3)、抗髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、ANA谱的定量检测。结果:RA组82例患者中,64例ANCA阳性,阳性率为78.08%,其中核周型(PANCA)37例,阳性率为45.1%,胞浆型(CANCA)27例,阳性率为32.9%;非RA组74例患者中有7例ANCA阳性率分别为9.4%;正常对照组50例中没有一例ANCA阳性。利用Elisa法对患者血清进行检测,分别能够特异的检测到PR3、MPO、抗双链DNA抗体(抗ds-DNA抗体)、抗ss-A等抗体、抗SS-A抗体、抗PM-SCL抗体的存在。结论:联合ANCA、ANA检测有助于提高类风湿关节炎的诊断。     

唇腺活检、自身抗体在干燥综合征诊断中的意义

目的:探讨干燥综合征(ss)患者的唇腺活检病理表现、自身抗体及其在诊断中的意义。方法:收集85例干燥综合征患者的临床体征、唇腺活检以及其他相关辅助检查,对其唇腺活检病理标本及相关检查进行分析。结果:根据唇腺病理结果,单纯唇腺活检的阳性率为68.2%;单纯血清抗SSA/SSB抗体检出阳性率为78.8%;联合唇腺活检、抗SSA/SSB抗体疾病检出率达94.1%,与单纯唇腺活检或抗SSA/SSB抗体单项阳性的疾病检出率有统计学意义(P0.05);并且唇腺活检阳性患者较阴性患者口干或眼干持续时间长(P0.05);但腮腺ECT异常、关节肿痛、肺脏损害均较唇腺活检阴性组患者累及率高,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:唇腺活检、自身抗体是诊断干燥综合征的必要检查,而其联合应用更具有举足轻重的意义。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.