走进内蒙

2015年8月1日,我们每一个人收拾好行囊,整装待发,在邓涛老师带领下踏上了去往内蒙古的征程,拉开了探索灰色生命之旅的序幕. 队伍由两辆车、8人组成,我们早晨7点从中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所出发,披着清晨的阳光,摆脱城市的拥挤,缓缓地“逃离”了北京城.直到抵达张北之后我们的车子才能像矫健的马儿一样驰骋在广袤的公路上,沿途没有了城市的喧闹,没有了交通的堵塞,伴随我们的只有那一眼望去蓝蓝的天空、随风摆动的小草,以及那迷人的风景,偶尔打开车窗,一股凉爽的清风扑面而来,沁人心脾.经过一路的颠簸,我们在傍晚时刻到达锡林浩特,当地文物保护站的同志为我们安顿好了一切.     

活血化瘀利水法治疗高血压病肾损害的体会

近年来,笔者采用活血化瘀利水法治疗高血压病肾损害,疗效满意,现将体会介绍如下. 1 气虚血瘀是高血压病肾损害的基本病理特点 高血压病肾损害,中医学无此病名,但据其临床表现,应届于眩晕、尿浊、精气下泄、腰痛等范畴.中医认为,肾为先天之本,主生殖,主生长发育,主水液代谢,主骨生髓,主纳气和温煦濡养脏腑等生理功能[1].肾者,既为水火之宅,内寓元阴元阳以维持人体正常生理功能的运化,同时,肾脏与五脏六腑的关系密切,相互影响.肾气是由元阳蒸化肾阴而成,既包含肾阴,又包含肾阳,是肾阴肾阳两方面平衡协调的总体[2].     

姜黄素的提取及其甲基化研究

以姜黄为原料,用70%的乙醇进行粗提,正丙醇进行两次重结晶得醇的姜黄素.再以此纯的姜黄素为原料,用乙醚和甲醇溶解,以过量的CH3I为甲基化试剂,在pH=12～14的条件下进行反应10 h,用氨水沉淀,过滤,水洗至中性,烘干,在经层析柱分离得到一种黄色针状物,经鉴定为一新化合物,即纯的二甲基姜黄素,分子式为C23H24O6,收率为35%以上.     

壳斗科木材识别和分类

从106种壳斗科木材构造特征.作为本科木材识别和分类依据,概括于下: 散孔材,管孔细,单个密布,在生长轮末端一狭带无管孔,宽射线为多列射线,较狭而数较多为水青冈属。辐射孔材,管孔成串径列,宽射线聚合型,在横面反光弱为主,分布不均,促使材身槽棱不整齐,槽底平而宽长的为稠属。辐射孔材,管孔成串径、斜列为主,宽射线聚合型(常见)和栎型,在横面反光强,分布均匀,促使材身槽棱整齐,槽底尖而分隔为青冈属。半环孔材或环孔材,早材管孔沿生长轮不连续排列,在肉眼下可见至明显,晚材管孔成串径列,弯曲或火焰状,宽射线聚合型,常数少且几条聚近分布,大部分树种无宽射线的为锥属。环孔材,早材管孔沿生长轮连续排列,肉眼下明显,侵填体丰富,晚材管孔成串径列,弯曲或火焰状,宽射线栎型为栎属。环孔材,早材管孔沿生长轮连续排列,肉眼下明显,具侵填体,晚材管孔成串径列,弯曲或火焰状,射线细而肉眼下不见为栗属。 各属共同特征,薄壁组织离管带状,似环管(实际为环管管胞),生长轮不同程度波状。     

考察心语

正在亚东原始森林考察前,咨询当地林业局朋友,得知,上月的一场大雨,道路被严重损毁,车辆只能到达半山处……途中,我们多次下车推车,艰难行进!当我们的车行驶到可能是半山处时,路真的被水给冲毁了,车不能再前行了,我们只好步行完成余下的路程,虽然累些,观察拍摄的机会却多了许多。背着重重的器材等,步行进入了下亚东原始深林,耳畔是隆隆的河水声,映入眼帘的是郁郁葱葱青山。在这里,我听见印度洋暖湿气流撞击岩壁发出的声音撼人心魄。空中的云随气流快速移动,沟里的雾在时断时续的阳光照射下蒸腾,当云雾散开时,可见层层叠叠的山外青山,高不可攀,目不可及。同一地点,一会阵雨,一会晴。林中高大的古树多被雷电击断,然后又顽强地发出新枝,吐露新芽。     

小鼠基因组中的微卫星重复序列的数量、分布和密度

作者分析了老鼠基因组中各染色体及其内含子、外显子和基因间区上各种类型的微卫星(1-6个碱基的重复序列)的数量及其密度。SSR约占老鼠基因组的2.85%,其中46.2%存在于基因间区,4.75%存在于外显子,49.05%在内含子区域,即非编码区富含微卫星。微卫星的数量与染色体或基因区域的大小有关,但密度与染色体或基因区域的大小的关系并不十分密切。第4染色体的外显子区域中6种类型的SSR含量都比其它区域少。A,T,AC,AG,AT,AAC,AAG,AGG,AAAC,AAAG,AAAT,AACC,AAAAC,AAAAG,AAAAT,AAACC,AAAGG,AAGAG,AAAAAC,AAAAAG,AAAAAT,AAAGAG,ACACAT,ACAGAG,ACAGGC,ACATAT是老鼠基因组中主要的SSR类型,而一些5碱基重复单元的SSR在老鼠基因组的某一条甚至某几条染色体都不存在     

Genomics Frontiers Symposium

<正>Beijing,China July 16-19,2015Topic RNA modifications Single cell omics High-dimensional structure of genome Confirmed Speakers Runsheng Chen,Institute of Biophysics,CAS Yueqin Chen,Sun Yat-Sen University Guifang Jia,Peking University Guohong Li,Institute of Biophysics,CAS Mofang Liu,Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences,CAS     

蛇咬伤致颈髓变性1例

1 临床资料 患者,男,42岁,因被蛇咬伤后四肢瘫痪7 h入院.患者人院前7 h在夜间做农活时被蛇咬伤右踝内侧,当时认为是无毒蛇咬伤,未在意,睡觉后3 h因感全身不适而醒来,发现四肢活动障碍,肢体麻木,感觉减退,无呼吸困难.立即送我院诊治,查体:生命体征正常,意识清楚,双瞳正常,四肢肌力O级,C5平面以下躯体感觉、运动、反射丧失.肌张力不高,病理征(一).右踝内侧见蛇咬伤所致的2个针尖样大小牙痕,周围稍肿胀.     

少女的眼泪,浇灭欲火的一丝清凉

正从古到今,女人展示魅惑的方式经历巨变,不过都让男人为之疯狂。褒姒如千年冰山,偶一展颜,周幽王就大动干戈,燃起边塞的烽火;赵飞燕似弱柳扶风,翩然一动,汉成帝就两次杀掉儿子,不怕江山后继无人;辛普森夫人金发飘飘,随意一摆,爱德华八世就退位为温莎公爵。办公室里,御姐耐心倾听;赛场边,萌妹子柔声加油;大排档上,女汉子豪气大嚼。在她们旁边的,不见得是帝王公爵,却也总有些惊呆     

广西石灰岩石山一种新的果树——冬杧果

<正> 冬杧果,新种 Mangifera hiemalis J. Y. Liang, sp. nov. (Anacardiaccae) 常绿乔木,高达25米,胸径达110厘米;树皮灰褐色,不规则纵裂。小枝粗壮,具条纹,无毛。叶近革质,长圆形或长圆状倒披针形,长10—30(50)厘米,宽 3—8(14)厘米,先端急尖,基部楔形,无毛,中脉两面凸起,侧脉每边18—22(26)条,斜升,两面凸起,小脉两面明显呈网状;叶柄长(1.5)3—8(14.5)厘米,基部彭大。圆锥花序顶生,长12—     

A miscellaneous collection of bird karyotypes

In the framework of a project on bird sexing for zoos, orcein stained karyotypes were studied of 16 species belonging to 7 avian orders, viz.Tinamus solitarius (Tinamiformes),Scopus umbretta, Jabiru mycteria, Mycteria cinerea, Ciconia (=Dissoura) (episcopus) stormi andC. (=D.) e. episcopus (Ciconiiformes),Aburria pipile cumanensis, A. p. grayi, Penelope purpurascens, Lagopus lagopus andArborophila orientalis (Galliformes),Phalcoboenus megalopterus (Falconiformes),Burhinus magnirostris (Charadriiformes),Carpococcyx renauldi (Cuculiformes), andCeratogymna (=Bycanistes) subcylindricus andC.(=B.) bucinator (Coraciiformes). With the exception ofCiconia (=Dissoura) e. episcopus, all these karyotypes are new to cytology. They are briefly described and compared to karyotypes of the respective families and orders known from the literature. Cytotaxonomic implications are briefly discussed. The karyotypes ofBurhinus magnirostris (2n=42),Ceratogymna subcylindricus (2n=44) andC. bucinator (2n=40) exhibit the lowest diploid chromosome numbers hitherto found in birds. Of these, the twoCeratogymna species almost completely lack microchromosomes.     

湖北黑鹳越冬地的新发现

黑鹳（Ciconia nigra）是世界性珍稀鸟类之一,在我国被列为一级保护动物,曾经是一种分布广、较常见的大型涉禽（Wang ＆ Xie,2004;Zheng GM,2002;Zheng ZX,2002）。但近几十年来,在世界范围内,其种群数量骤减：目前在瑞典、丹麦、比利时、荷兰、芬兰等国己绝迹,在德国、法国、朝鲜半岛也己难见踪影。目前全世界仅存1000多个繁殖对。在我国,1999年6月报道仅存2000只左右,2006年6月降到700-1000只,属濒危物种（Wang ＆ Xie,2004;Jin,2005）。     

Two species of Synhimantus (dispharynx) railliet, Henry and Sisoff, 1912 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea: Acuariidae), in passerine birds from the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Members of 2 species of Synhimantus (Dispharynx) live under the lining of the gizzard in passerine birds from the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819) occurs in Thraupis episcopus, Turdus grayi, Caryothraustes poliogaster, Platyrinchus cancrominus, Ramphocaenus melanurus, Vermivora peregrina, and Geothlypis poliocephala. A single male, in Turdus grayi, apparently representing a new species, distinguishable from all other species of Synhimantus (Dispharynx) by having similar shaped left and right spicules, is described but not named.     

湖南省翼手目新纪录——大耳菊头蝠

2008年11月和2010年3月,在湖南省凤凰县水打田乡马脚通洞和吉首市寨阳乡堂乐洞进行翼手类调查时,分别采到4号和2号菊头蝠标本.通过将其外形及头骨的测量数据与文献记载的重庆万县和贵州开阳大耳菊头蝠标本的特征比较,鉴定为大耳菊头蝠四川亚种Rhinolophus macrotis episcopus,属湖南省翼手目新纪录.标本保存于吉首大学动物标本室.     

甘肃尕海-则岔国家级自然保护区黑鹳栖息活动动态监测

黑鹳Ciconia nigra是世界濒危鸟类之一,在我国数量稀少,被列为国家I级保护物种.我们通过监测尕海-则岔国家级自然保护区黑鹳活动情况(2005～2007),发现其具有明显的年活动节律和日活动节律.黑鹳的数量在该保护区呈逐年上升的趋势.另外,也对我国近几年黑鹳记录情况进行了总结,发现2007年所记录的最大数量是中国发现的最大黑鹳群体.     

Declines in breeding site fidelity in an increasing population of White Storks Ciconia ciconia

Following a steep decline, White Stork Ciconia ciconia populations in Germany are currently increasing, allowing us to examine potential density‐dependent effects on breeding dispersal. Our data suggest that the proportion of breeding dispersers has increased over time, indicating a density‐dependent component in nest‐site fidelity that may be linked to increased competition.     

Aerial “flycatching”: non-predatory birds can catch small birds in flight

Aerial flycatching — the lightning-fast seizure of flying small birds in the beak of larger, not normally predatory birds, only a few cases of which are treated in the literature — is here described and discussed for white storks (Ciconia ciconia) and crows (Corvidae).Communicated by F. Bairlein     

The breeding biology of Abdim's Stork Ciconia abdimii in the far north of Benin

Adjakpa, J.B. 2000. The breeding biology of Abdim's Stork Ciconia abdimii in the far north of Benin. Ostrich 71 (1 & 2): 61–63.

Little is known about the biology of Abdim's Stork Ciconia abdimii, in Benin. I studied the nesting of this intra- African migrant in the wet season of 1996. Breeding pairs arrived at the end of March 1996. Seven nest sites were found, involving 92 pairs; the largest colony was of 51 pairs. The storks used five different large tree species for nesting. Egg-laying began in early April and lasted until 2 July. Most clutches were of 3–4 eggs. Incubation lasted 28–29 days. A total of 196 young storks fledged (all of which were ringed), representing a success rate of 76.5% per egg laid and 86.0% per egg hatched. The last storks left the colonies on 9 September 1996, 164 days after the first ones arrived on 30 March. The species is threatened in Benin by human persecution and by widespread pesticide use: it urgently requires official protected status.     

Breeding dispersal directions in the white stork (Ciconia ciconia) are affected by spring migration routes

We examined breeding dispersal directions in the white stork (Ciconia ciconia), a migratory bird breeding in large parts of Europe. We asked whether and how the direction of the major spring/autumn migration route (from south-east to north-west and vice versa) affects breeding dispersal directions. Breeding dispersal directions were clearly nonrandomly distributed and were influenced by the major spring migration direction, leading to a bias toward south-eastward and north-westward breeding dispersal.     

Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies against<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Listeria monocytogenes</Emphasis> in chicks of the white stork (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ciconia ciconia</Emphasis> Linnaeus, 1758) in Poland

In 2002 and 2003, blood samples from white stork (Ciconia ciconia) chicks were examined for the presence of antibodies against Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria antibodies were detected in 121 (59%) of 205 chick samples. The probability of Listeria antibodies being present increased with chick age; chicks detected with Listeria antibodies were in better condition than those without the bacterium.