饰圈属绦虫一新种：圆叶目：漏带科

本文记述采自武陵山地区金腰燕,黑卷尾,画眉体内的饰圈属绦虫一新种—武陵饰圈绦虫,新种Ｖｉｔｔａ ｗｕｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．文中对新种的形态特征作了详细的描述并与近似种进行了比较。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

北京自然博物馆馆藏膜壳蟹科蟹类及三新种记述

本报道北京自然博物馆馆藏膜壳蟹Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｓｏｍａｔｉｄａｅ共５种,其中篦额滨蟹Ｈａｌｉｃａｒｃｉｎｕｓ ｍｅｓｓｏｒ Ｓｔｉｍｐｓｏｎ与中华拟薄板蟹Ｅｌａｍｅｎｏｐｓｉｓ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｓｈｅｎ）曾发现于中国东海,这次标本检查中发现中华拟薄板蟹在广东沿海也有分布。其它三种均为新种,分别定名为长指薄板蟹Ｅｋａｍｅｎａ ｌｏｎｇｉｄａｃｔｙｌｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,长足滨蟹Ｈａｌｉｃａｒｃｉｎｕ     

膜壳科绦虫一新种(绦虫纲:圆叶目)

报道啮齿类绦虫一新种,定名为锡盟啮壳绦虫。文中对新种形态特征进行了详细描述并与近似种作了比较,模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

湖北部分地区鼠体膜壳绦虫调查

1982～1985年我们在湖北的通山县、应城县、天门县、宜昌县及神农架林区对寄生鼠体而与人有关的微小膜壳绦虫Hymenolepis nana和缩小膜壳绦虫Hymenolepis dininuta及鼠体外寄生蚤类进行了调查。方法将捕到的鼠进行编号,种类鉴定,解剖观察。如阳性取出虫体鉴定虫种。对鼠体外寄生蚤进行收集并鉴定种类,观察体内是否有自然感染的似囊尾蚴。结果在582只鼠中共检出阳性鼠165只,阳性率28.3%。其中微小膜壳绦虫的阳性率为11.8%(69/165),缩小膜壳绦虫阳性率为19.0%(111/165)。在阳性鼠中同时感染两种膜壳绦虫者有15只,阳性率2.5%(15/165)。各地区…     

侧沟茧蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:茧蜂科:小腹茧蜂亚科)

本文记述采自福建福州的侧沟茧蜂属ＭｉｃｒｏｐｌｉｔｉｓＦｏｅｒｓｔｅｒ１新种：暗翅侧沟茧蜂Ｍｉｃｒｏｐｌｉｔｉｓｏｂｓｃｕｒｉｐｅｎｎａｔｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存在浙江大学植物保护系昆虫标本室。     

中国西南地区蠛蠓属四新种描述（双翅目：蠓科）

本文描述了采自中国西南地区的蠛蠓属Ｌａｓｉｏｈｅｌｅａ４新种,分别是采自四川的细小蠛蠓Ｌ．ｐａｒｖｉｔａｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,竹林蠛蠓Ｌ．ｂｏｍｂｕｓａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ采自云南的山栖蠛蠓Ｌ．ｏｒｅｉｔａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及采自西藏的孟氏蠛蠓Ｌ．ｍｅｎｇｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本保存于北京医学昆虫标本馆。     

耳时蝉属四新种（同翅目：耳叶蝉科）

本文记述耳叶蝉科耳叶蝉属四新种：１．浅斑耳叶蝉Ｌｅｄｒａｐａｌｌｉｄｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,２．片脊耳叶蝉Ｌｅｄｒａｌａｍｅｌｌａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,３．黑纹耳叶蝉Ｌｅｄｒａｎｉｇｒｏｌｉｎｅａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,４．明冠耳叶蝉Ｌｅｄｒａｈｙａｌｉｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．．标本分别采自我国西藏、云南及安徽省．模式标本保存于安徽农学院．     

浙江省新菌蚊属二新种(双翅目:菌蚊科)

记述了采自浙江省的新菌蚊属Ｎｅｏｅｍｐｈｅｒｉａ ２新种：山居新菌蚊Ｎ．ｍｏｎｔｉｃｏｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和具毛新菌蚊Ｎ．ｓｅｔｕｌｏｓａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式标本保存于中国农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

广西长崎齿瓢虫属二新种（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）

本文记述采自广西壮族自治区的长崎齿瓢虫属２新种,即弄岗崎齿瓢虫Ａｆｉｓｓｕｌａｎｏｎｇｇａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和鸟喙崎齿瓢虫Ａ．ｏｒｎｉｔｈｏｒｒｈｙｎｃｈａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本除弄岗崎齿瓢虫Ａ．ｎｏｎｇｇａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ（正模♂,配模♀和副模５♂４♀）保存在南京农业大学植保系外,其余标本保存在广西农科院植保所。     

湖南省八面山自然保护区蝗虫二新种(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)

记述斑腿蝗科Ｃａｔａｎｔｏｐｉｄａｅ拟稻蝗属Ｏｘｙｏｉｄｅｓ Ｚｈｅｎｔ ｅｔ Ｆｕ,１９９４一新种,八面山拟稻．ｂａｍｉａｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和华蝗属Ｓｉｎａｃｒｉｓ Ｔｉｋｈａｍ,１９４０一新种,湖南华Ｓ．ｈｕｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,标本采自湖南郴州八面山自然保护区。     

Accumulation of elements in the arteries and cardiac valves of Thai with aging

To elucidate whether the extent of element accumulation in the arteries and cardiac valves with aging was different between different races, the authors investigated the accumulation of elements in the arteries and cardiac valves of the Thai with aging and the relationships among elements in the cardiac valves. After ordinary dissection at Chiang Mai University was finished, 16 arteries and 4 cardiac valves were resected and element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. In the 16 arteries, the average content of calcium was the highest in the site of the abdominal aorta ramifying into the common iliac arteries, and it decreased in the order internal iliac, coronary, abdominal aorta, common iliac, external iliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, thoracic aorta, brachial, radial, common carotid, subclavian, ulnar, axillary, renal, and internal thoracic arteries. The average contents of phosphorus and magnesium in respective arteries were parallel with the average contents of calcium, except for the coronary artery. In comparison with the arteries of the Japanese, the trend of calcium accumulation in the arteries of the Thai was almost similar to that in the arteries of the Japanese, except for the coronary artery and thoracic aorta. The calcium accumulation in the coronary artery was much higher in the Thai than in the Japanese, whereas that in the thoracic aorta was lower in the Thai than in the Japanese. Regarding elements in the cardiac valves, the calcium content increased remarkably in the seventies in the aortic valve and in the nineties in the pulmonary valve, but it hardly increased in both the mitral and tricuspid valves with aging. The average content of calcium was the highest in the aortic valve, and it decreased in the order pulmonary, tricuspid, and mitral valves. Regarding the relationship among elements in the aortic valves, it was found that there were extremely significant direct correlations among the contents of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, whereas there were significant direct correlations between zinc and either calcium or phosphorus contents. Although significant correlations were found between sulfur and the other element contents in the aortic valves of the Japanese, no significant correlations were found between them in the aortic valves of the Thai. In the mitral valves, extremely or very significant direct correlations were found among the contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur, with some exceptions that there were no significant correlations between phosphorus and either magnesium or sulfur contents. In addition, no significant correlation was found in the calcium content between the aortic valve and coronary artery in the same individuals.     

Distribution of Putrescine in Rat Brain Measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

We measured putrescine levels in minute sites of single rat brains using a sensitive, specific assay involving gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The putrescine level was measured in 20 sites of single rat brains: three sites in the cerebral cortex, six sites in the hypothalamus, three sites in the basal ganglia, three sites in the thalamus, three sites in the limbic system, and two sites in the cerebellum. The level of putrescine was very high in the hypothalamus, high in the basal ganglia and limbic system, and low in the thalamus, cerebellum, and two of the three sites in the cerebral cortex. The highest levels were in the anterior hypothalamic area and the lateral hypothalamic area, and the lowest levels were in the vermis and the lobe of the cerebellum.     

四川省及重庆地区森林植被碳储量动态

四川省及重庆市地区森林植被是我国第二大林区-西南林区的主体,位于"世界第三极"--青藏高原东缘.在建立森林乔木层生物量与蓄积量回归模型的基础上,按林分类型测定含碳量,结合四川4次森林资源清查数据,估算了不同时段的碳储量.各林分类型含碳量在46.75%～54.89%之间,平均含碳量为51.09%,针叶林平均含碳量(52.82%)大于阔叶林(49.37%);四川森林植被碳储量从1988年的383.04TgC增加到2003年的523.57TgC,增加了140.53TgC,年均增长率2.11%,比全国年均增长率高出0.22%,表明四川森林植被是CO2的一个汇.4次调查的森林植被平均碳密度分别为38.93、38.68、39.17、41.66MgC/hm2,呈现增加趋势,表明森林植被的碳汇功能不断加强;成熟林碳储量占同期的64.15%、63.89%、65.33%、60.82%,但所占比重呈下降的趋势,幼中林碳储量的比重不断上升,表明森林植被的碳吸存潜力大;森林植被碳储量主要分布在天然林中,占同期碳储量的90%以上,但人工林的碳储能力正在逐步提高,人工林碳年均增长率(7.17%)明显大于天然林(1.83%),表明人工林将在研究区域森林植被碳汇功能中扮演重要的角色.研究区森林植被碳储量占同期全国碳储量的比例呈增加趋势,可见,研究区森林植被在全国森林碳汇中具有重要的作用和地位.     

Species and individual differences in juvenile female alloparental care are associated with oxytocin receptor density in the striatum and the lateral septum

The neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in the regulation of affiliative behavior and maternal responsiveness in several mammalian species. Rodent species vary considerably in the expression of juvenile alloparental behavior. For example, alloparental behavior is spontaneous in juvenile female prairie voles (approximately 20 days of age), takes 1-3 days of pup exposure to develop in juvenile rats, and is nearly absent in juvenile mice and meadow voles. Here, we tested the hypothesis that species differences in pup responsiveness in juvenile rodents are associated with oxytocin receptor (OTR) density in specific brain regions. We found that OTR density in the nucleus accumbens (NA) is highest in juvenile prairie voles, intermediate in juvenile rats, and lowest in juvenile mice and meadow voles. In the caudate putamen (CP), OTR binding was highest in prairie voles, intermediate in rats and meadow voles, and lowest in mice. In contrast, the lateral septum (LS) shows an opposite pattern, with OTR binding being high in mice and meadow voles and low in prairie voles and rats. Thus, alloparental responsiveness in juvenile rodents is positively correlated with OTR density in the NA and CP and negatively correlated with OTR density in the LS. We then investigated whether a similar receptor-behavior relationship exists among juvenile female prairie voles by correlating individual variation in alloparental behavior with variation in OTR density. The time spent adopting crouching postures, the most distinctive component of alloparental behavior in juveniles, was positively correlated with OTR density in the NA (r = 0.47) and CP (r = 0.45) and negatively correlated with OTR density in the lateral septum (r = -0.53). Thus, variation in OTR density in the NA, CP, and LS may underlie both species and individual differences in alloparental care in rodents.     

Aquaporins: water channel proteins of the cell membrane

Aquaporins (AQP) are integral membrane proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water, and in some cases, small solutes across the membrane. They are conserved in bacteria, plants, and animals. Structural analyses of the molecules have revealed the presence of a pore in the center of each aquaporin molecule. In mammalian cells, more than 10 isoforms (AQP0-AQP10) have been identified so far. They are differentially expressed in many types of cells and tissues in the body. AQP0 is abundant in the lens. AQP1 is found in the blood vessels, kidney proximal tubules, eye, and ear. AQP2 is expressed in the kidney collecting ducts, where it shuttles between the intracellular storage sites and the plasma membrane under the control of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Mutations of AQP2 result in diabetes insipidus. AQP3 is present in the kidney collecting ducts, epidermis, urinary, respiratory, and digestive tracts. AQP3 in organs other than the kidney may be involved in the supply of water to them. AQP4 is present in the brain astrocytes, eye, ear, skeletal muscle, stomach parietal cells, and kidney collecting ducts. AQP5 is in the secretory cells such as salivary, lacrimal, and sweat glands. AQP5 is also expressed in the ear and eye. AQP6 is localized intracellular vesicles in the kidney collecting duct cells. AQP7 is expressed in the adipocytes, testis, and kidney. AQP8 is expressed in the kidney, testis, and liver. AQP9 is present in the liver and leukocytes. AQP10 is expressed in the intestine. The diverse and characteristic distribution of aquaporins in the body suggests their important and specific roles in each organ.     

Hypothalamic metabolism of neurotransmitters (serotonin,norepinephrine, dopamine) and NPY,and gonadal and adrenal activities,during the early postnatal period in the rat

It is noteworthy that in the rat the early postnatal life is marked by an activation of both the corticostimulating function of the adenohypophysis in neonates of both sexes and of the gonadostimulating function mainly in males. In order to specify if such neuroendocrine variations are temporally correlated with changes in the hypothalamic metabolism of neurotransmitters, the hypothalamic metabolism of serotonin (5 HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) and the hypothalamic content of neuropeptide Y (NPY) have been investigated in newborn rats of both sexes, delivered at term by cesarean section, as well as changes in the activity of both the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) and the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis (HPG). Experimental data suggested that 1) in males a rise in hypothalamic metabolism of 5 HT, NE and DA occurs during the first two hours after delivery, whereas in females, only the metabolism of NE increases. Moreover, the postnatal metabolism of NE was higher in females than in littermate males; 2) NPY content of the hypothalamus, which was at birth significantly higher in males than in females, dropped in the former but not in the latter; 3) in newborn males, an early surge of plasma testosterone occurs, suggesting postnatal activation of the HPG axis; on the other hand, in females, a late and slight increase in plasma estradiol is observed; 4) in early postnatal life, a sex-independent rise in plasma ACTH and adrenal and plasma corticosterone levels suggest a comparable activation of the HPA axis in newborns of both sexes. In conclusion, the early postnatal activation of the corticostimulating function in neonates of both sexes and that of the gonadostimulating function, mainly in males, could be temporally correlated with a rise in the hypothalamic metabolism of two neurotransmitters, 5 HT and NE, and of NPY content. According to our data, a sex-dependent metabolsim of neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus is already apparent in early postnatal life.     

基于芽苗砧嫁接油茶砧穗创伤后内源激素动态变化分析

为研究油茶(Camellia oleifera A)嫁接时穗条和砧木创伤后内源激素动态变化规律,解析影响砧穗嫁接面愈合的生理机制,为油茶砧穗愈合生长机理提供理论支持。以树龄6年的长林18号和53号的穗条和实生砧木为材料,按照芽苗砧嫁接方法切割穗条S0(0 min)、S10(10 min)、S40(40 min)和砧木茎段Z0(0 min)、Z10(10 min)后,利用液质联用法(HPLC-MS)测定吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、反式玉米素(TZR)、玉米素(Zeatin)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量,分析不同时间段内源激素变化及品种间差异的关系。结果显示:创伤后18号的TZR、Zeatin和SA含量总体高于53号;18号IAA、SA和JA逐渐下降;TZR和Zeatin分别在S10和S0达最高值后下降;ABA在S10达最高值。53号IAA和JA爱S10达最高值后下降;TZR、Zeatin和SA在S10达低值后逐渐上升;ABA在S0达高值后逐渐下降。砧木茎段创伤前后激素含量除JA外18号高于53号;两品种Z0时激素含量下降,Z10后上升,仅53号ABA和SA含量在Z0达高值后下降。砧木茎段和根部激素含量在品种间除JA外18号高于53号,茎段的IAA、ABA高于根部,其他激素为根部高于茎段。激素比值在品种间和部位间差异明显;IAA/ABA、IAA/TZR、IAA/Zeatin和IAA/JA、ABA/TZR、ABA/Zeatin和ABA/JA比值为53号高于18号;穗条内SA/IAA为18号高于53号,SA/JA和SA/ABA为53号高于18号;砧木茎段均为18号高于53号;TZR/SA、TZR/JA比值在穗条和砧木茎段为18号高于53号。两品种创伤后IAA与JA极显著正相关,而IAA与SA,SA与JA在18号极显著正相关,53号极显著或显著负相关;53号TZR、Zeatin、SA间极显著或显著正相关,JA与TZR、Zeatin和SA极显著负相关。砧木茎段创伤后18号激素间为极显著或显著正相关;53号TZR和Zeatin与IAA、JA极显著正相关,与SA存在显著负相关,SA与JA有显著负相关。砧木茎段和根部间品种间仅在SA与各激素间相关性存在差异,其他激素间存在极显著正相关或负相关。综上所述,砧穗创伤后激素水平上18号在创伤面易于愈伤组织发育,而53号抗逆激素水平较高且与细胞分裂增殖类激素负相关,可能影响53号嫁接后愈合生长;嫁接应在创伤后10 min内较为适宜;砧穗间激素含量及比值的差异可能会影响后期嫁接部位形态重建以及穗条生长。     

Variation in the Distribution of Trace Elements in Renal Cell Carcinoma

The development of cancer is a complex, multistage process during which a normal cell undergoes genetic changes that result in phenotypic alterations and in the acquisition of the ability to invade other sites. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy was used to estimate the contents of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, and Zn in healthy kidney and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and significant differences were found for all elements. Along with the progression of the malignant disease, a progressive decrease of Cd and K was observed. In fact, for Cd, the concentration in stage T4 was 263.9 times lower than in stage T1, and for K, the concentration in stage T4 was 1.73 times lower than in stage T1. Progressive accumulation was detected for P, Pb, and Zn in stage T4. For P, the concentration in stage T4 was 11.1 times higher than in stage T1; for Pb, the concentration in stage T4 was 232.7 times higher than in T1; and for Zn, the concentration in T4 was 8.452 times higher than in T1. This study highlights the marked differences in the concentrations of selected trace metals in different malignant tumor stages. These findings indicate that some trace metals may play important roles in the pathogenesis of RCC.     

初生与成年牦牛心肌的组织学结构比较

为探究牦牛心肌发育过程中组织学结构的变化,采用组织学、组织化学和免疫组织化学方法对初生和成年牦牛心肌的组织学结构、心钠素（ANP）和缝隙连接蛋白43（Cx43）的表达情况进行了观察。结果显示,初生牦牛心肌细胞数量少且细短,闰盘为直线型或V型,心肌细胞间以Ⅲ型胶原纤维为主,Ⅰ型胶原纤维较少;成年牦牛心肌细胞粗长,其数量是初生牦牛的2倍,闰盘呈竹节样吻合或阶梯状,心肌细胞间以Ⅰ型胶原纤维为主。初生和成年牦牛,ANP在心房肌细胞中均表达强烈,且右心房表达量显著高于左心房,心室肌细胞中不表达。ANP在普肯耶纤维中有少量表达。初生牦牛心房肌细胞ANP表达量高于成年牦牛。在心肌细胞膜和胞质内,初生牦牛Cx43表达强于成年牦牛,但在闰盘内,成年牦牛Cx43表达强于初生牦牛。Cx43在初生和成年牦牛的普肯耶纤维中均呈膜阳性。结果提示,初生与成年牦牛相比,成年牦牛的心肌细胞变粗长且数量增多,ANP在心房肌表达减弱,Cx43在闰盘表达更显著,说明成年牦牛较初生牦牛适应循环变化的代偿能力呈进行性减弱;细胞间牢固性增加,有助于实现心肌收缩信号的迅速传导。     

Relationship Between the Ubiquitin-Dependent Pathway and Apoptosis in Different Cells of the Central Nervous System: Effect of Thyroid Hormones

We have recently shown that sustained neonatal hyperthyroidism in the rat activates apoptosis of oligodendroglial cells (OLGc) and that inhibition of the proteasome-ubiquitin (Ub) pathway by lactacystin produces increased apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells (CGC). In the present study we have analyzed the relationship between the activation of the Ub-dependent pathway, the expression of the Ub genes and programmed cell death in neurons of the rat cerebellum and cerebral cortex and in OLGc. This study was carried out in normal animals, in rats submitted to sustained neonatal hyperthyroidism and in cell cultures treated with an excess of thyroid hormones. In neurons of the cerebral cortex, thyroid hormone produces an increase of Ub-protein conjugates, an enhancement in the expression of the Ub genes and an increase in apoptosis, while the opposite results are obtained in CGC. These results indicate that in neurons, the changes in the cell death program produced by thyroid hormone run in parallel with those occurring in the Ub-dependent pathway. In OLGc, thyroid hormone increases apoptosis but does not produce changes in the Ub pathway. Preliminary studies indicate that in coincidence with what occurs in optic nerves, the sciatic nerves both in controls and in hyperthyroid animals are unable to form Ub-protein conjugates. These results indicate that in cells of the CNS such as neurons, in which the Ub-dependent pathway is actively expressed, it appears to be closely correlated with apoptosis.